Floating toes in children

NewsBot · Nov 7, 2015

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Incidence of floating toe and its association with the physique and foot morphology of Japanese children
Tomoko Araki, Tadashi Masuda, Tetsuya Jinno, Sadao Morita
Journal of Physical Therapy Science Vol. 27 (2015) No. 10 October p. 3159-3162

[Purpose] Physical development, foot morphology, and toe contact of children aged 3 to 5 years were assessed in order to investigate the relationships between body and foot morphology and the incidence of the condition known as ?floating toe?.
[Subjects] A total of 198 children, aged 3 to 5 years old, participated in this study.
[Methods] Height and weight were measured for body morphology, and foot length and width were measured for foot morphology. Footprint images were taken to calculate the number of floating toes. Information about the children?s height and weight at birth, and the time of starting to walk was obtained from their guardians.
[Results] At least one floating toe was observed in 87.7?98.7% of the children depending on their ages. The fifth toe was most commonly affected, occurring in 74.2% of the study population. Among the body and foot morphology parameters, only weight at birth showed a significant but very weak correlation with the number of floating toes.
[Conclusion] There was a high incidence of floating toe among the children, with the fifth toe most commonly affected. Floating toe weakly but significantly correlated with weight at birth, but did not correlated with other measures of physique at birth, physical development, or the time of starting to walk.
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NewsBot · Sep 3, 2016

Association between floating toe and toe grip
strength in school age children: a cross-sectional
study
Seishiro Tasaka, et al
J. Phys. Ther. Sci. 28: 2322–2325, 2016

[Purpose] This study investigated the association between floating toe and toe grip strength.
[Subjects
and Methods] A total of 635 Japanese children aged 9–11 years participated in this study. Floating toe was evaluated
using footprint images, while toe grip strength was measured using a toe grip dynamometer. All 1,270 feet were
classified into a floating toe group and a normal toe group according to visual evaluation of the footprint images.
Intergroup differences in toe grip strength were analyzed using the unpaired t-test and logistic regression analysis
adjusted for age, gender, and Rohrer Index.
[Results] There were 512 feet (40.3%) in the floating toe group. Mean
toe grip strength of the feet with floating toe was significantly lower than that of normal feet (floating toe group, 12.9
? 3.7 kg; normal toe group, 13.6 ? 4.1 kg). In addition, lower toe grip strength was associated with floating toe on
logistic regression analysis after adjustment for age, gender, and Rohrer Index (odds ratio, 0.954; 95% confidence
interval, 0.925–0.984).
[Conclusion] This study revealed that lower toe grip strength was significantly associated
with floating toe. Therefore, increasing toe grip strength may play a role in preventing floating toe in school age
children.
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NewsBot · Oct 3, 2018

Floating toe: a frequent complication with limited functional significance
Nathaly Caicedo, MD, Ruben Radkievich, MD, Diego Zanolli de Solminihac, MD, Rafael Calvo, MD, Pablo Wagner, MD, Emilio
Wagner, MD
AOFAS Annual Meeting 2018 1

Introduction/Purpose: The Weil osteotomy (WO) is frequently used for treating metatarsalgia and metatarsophalangeal (MTP)
instability. Nevertheless, it presents complications, being the floating toe the most frequent one. A modification has been
proposed to decrease the beforementioned complication, removing a slice from the osteotomy (modified Weil osteotomy,
MWO). Additionally, it has been proposed that stabilizing the toe interphalangeal joints when treating hammer toes may
contribute to decrease the floating toe complication, given that all flexors contribute to MTP flexion. The objective of this
research is to describe complications and functional score in patients operated with MWO with and without interphalangeal
stabilization.
Methods: 110 patients (250 toes) treated for metatarsalgia and hammer toe deformity were retrospectively collected and
prospectively followed for 66 months (SD 15). 2 groups were studied, 45 adults with isolated MWO and 65 adults with MWO
with toe stabilization. Average age 55. Patients with Diabetes, previous surgeries and infections were excluded. LEFS, AOFAS and
satisfaction index were recorded. A physical examination looking for floating toe, MTP instability and metatarsalgia was performed.
Statistical analysis included logistic regression spearmen correlation test, Mann-Whitney test and student T test.
Results: LEFS and AOFAS scores were 70 and 73 respectively, with no differences between patients operated with isolated
MWO or with toe stabilization. Satisfaction index average result was “minor reservations”. Floating toe incidence was 24%, with
no difference between groups. There was no difference in functional scores and satisfaction index if floating toe was present or
absent. There was no correlation between functional scores and satisfaction index. Metatarsalgia was present in 31% of patients,
and there is a direct correlation of floating toe occurrence and pain (4 times more chance to have pain).
Conclusion: There was no clinical significant consequence of floating toe on LEFS, AOFAS or satisfaction. There was no
difference in complication rate, functional scores and patient satisfaction if the interphalangeal joint was fixed or not. Although
floating toe didn’t influence on functional scores, it was associated with pain. It can be suggested that the scores utilized were not
able to detect the negative influence of floating toe on every patient. The high prevalence of floating toe using the MWO should
make us look for additional factors which we may be overlooking when treating metatarsalgia, such as plantar plate damage.
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NewsBot · Mar 24, 2019

Relationship between foot alignment and
floating toes classified in static and dynamic
conditions in females
Ryuta Saito et al
J. Phys. Ther. Sci. 31: 282–286, 2019

[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the plantar contact condition in females and to clarify the
relationship between the foot alignment and floating toes classified in static and dynamic conditions. [Participants
and Methods] The participants were 122 females. We evaluated the plantar contact condition, calculated the floating
toe score, and classified the floating toes of the participants. The floating toes were classified into improvable and
unimprovable floating toe groups based on the floating toe score measured in dynamic conditions. Furthermore,
foot alignment was evaluated in 35 participants randomized and extracted from the contact toe and the improvable
and unimprovable floating toe groups. [Results] The Arch Height Index in the unimprovable floating toe group was
significantly smaller than that in the improvable floating toe group. The digitus minimus varus angle in the unimprovable floating toe group was significantly larger than that in the improvable floating toe group. No significant
differences were observed in other items. [Conclusion] This study revealed that the foot alignment between the
improvable and unimprovable floating toe groups has different features. However, no significant difference was
found in the foot alignment between the contact and floating toe groups. Henceforth, it is necessary to evaluate and
classify floating toes considering the functional aspects.
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NewsBot · May 7, 2020

Athletic event-specific characteristics in floating
toes during the static standing posture
Toshio Yanagiya et al
J. Phys. Ther. Sci. 32: 342–347, 2020

[Purpose] We aimed to determine the cause of floating toe syndrome, along with methods for correction and prevention. [Participants and Methods] We recruited 93 Japanese male students. Participants were
grouped, according to primary sport, as Sprinters (SPR), Swimmers (SWM), Gymnasts (GYM), Kendoists (KND)
and Controls (CON). Degree of floating toe syndrome was measured according to whether any toe was not in full
contact with the ground in a static standing posture—the Floating Toe Point (FTP). Two points were given for each
toe that was not at the FTP. The sum of the FTP was defined as the Floating Toes Score (FTS), and was classified
as follows: Normalcy (over 18 points), Incomplete Contact (between 10 and 17 points), and Floating Toes (Under 9
points). [Results] The mean FTS for all participants (10.40 ± 5.803) met the criteria for Floating Toes. Scores were
highest for SWMs (13.46 ± 5.710), followed by GYMs (13.26 ± 4.505), and SPRs (12.00 ± 4.870), who all met the criteria for Incomplete Contact. Both KNDs (6.55 ± 5.409) and CONs (9.45 ± 4.824) met the criteria for Floating Toes.
[Conclusion] SWMs had the highest FTSs, followed by GYMs, and SPRs. KNDs had the lowest FTS. However, no
group was classified as Normal. We suggest that athletes who practice or train with bare feet do not necessarily have
higher FTSs, if evaluated in the standing posture.
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NewsBot · Mar 25, 2021

Prevalence of floating toe and its relationship with static postural stability in children: The Yamanashi adjunct study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS-Y)
Taro Fujimaki et al
PLoS One. 2021 Mar 24;16(3):e0246010

Floating toe (FT) is a frequently seen condition in which a toe is inadequately in contact with the ground. Although toes play an important role in stabilizing standing posture and walking, many aspects of the effects of FT on the body remain unclear. To our knowledge, there have been no reports about the relationship between FT and postural stability, especially in children. This study aimed to clarify the prevalence of FT and its relationship with static postural stability in children. Of the 400 children aged 8 years who participated in our cohort study, 396, who were examined for static postural stability, were included in this study. Postural stability and FT were assessed using a foot pressure plate. The sway path length of the center of pressure and the area of the ellipse defined as the size of the area marked by the center of pressure, were measured as an evaluation of static postural stability. We calculated the "floating toe score (FT score: small FT score indicates insufficient ground contact of the toes)" using the image of the plantar footprint obtained at the postural stability measurement. The rate of FT was elevated at more than 90%, and the FT score in the eyes-closed condition was significantly higher than that in the eyes-open condition in both sexes. The FT score significantly correlated with the center of pressure path and area. Our results suggest that ground contact of the toes is not directly related to static postural stability in children, but it may function to stabilize the body when the condition becomes unstable, such as when the eyes are closed.
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NewsBot · Feb 21, 2022

A cross-sectional study on the correlations between floating toe, plantar arch posture, and body composition in 8-year-old children☆
MasanoriWako et al
Foot and Ankle Surgery; 18 February 2022

Background:
Floating toe (FT): inadequately in contact with the ground and flexible flat foot (FFF) are frequently seen in children. According to some reports, inadequate foot muscle strength may cause FT or FFF.Therefore, a relationship may exist between arch formation, FT, and pedal muscle strength. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation of FT with plantar arch posture and body composition, including overall muscle mass.

Methods:
We conducted our own cohort study in addition to the Japan Environment and Children's Study conducted by the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. Out of 705 eight-year-old children participating in this adjunct study, 578 with recorded footprints were included. Body composition (body weight, body fat percentage, and predicted muscle mass) was assessed using body composition analyzer. Presence of FT or FFF was evaluated using foot pressure plate. We calculated the FT score (small FT score indicates insufficient ground contact of the toes) and the Chippaux-Smirak Index (CSI) using images of the plantar footprint.

Results:
The FT score (an indicator of FT) showed no significant correlation with CSI (an indicator of plantar arch posture). Moreover, no significant correlations between the predicted muscle mass, FT score, and CSI were observed.

Conclusions:
This is the first report that assessed the relationship of FT with plantar arch posture and body composition in children. This study indicated that muscle strength might not be a major factor for FT and FFF development in children.
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NewsBot · Mar 7, 2023

Relationship between floating toes condition and lower limb muscle weight in 8-year-old children: the Yamanashi adjunct study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS-Y)
Masanori Wako et al
J Phys Ther Sci. 2023 Mar;35(3):252-256

[Purpose] Floating toe is a condition in which the toes make insufficient contact with the ground. Weak muscle strength is reportedly one cause of floating toe. However, little evidence exists regarding the relationship between foot muscle strength and floating toe. Here we examined the relationship between foot muscle strength and floating toe by investigating the children' lower extremity muscle mass and floating toe conditions. [Participants and Methods] This cohort study enrolled 118 8-year-old children (62 females, 56 males) with recorded footprints and muscle mass evaluations using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We calculated the floating toe score using the footprint. We measured the muscle weights and the muscle weights divided by the lengths of the lower limbs separately on the left and right sides using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. [Results] No significant correlations were observed between the floating toe score and muscle weights or muscle weights divided by lower-limb lengths for either gender or side. [Conclusion] In this study, no significant correlation was found between floating toe degree and lower limb muscle mass, suggesting that lower limb muscle strength is not the primary cause of floating toe, at least in children.
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NewsBot · Aug 8, 2023

Are floating toes associated with lifestyle in
children: A cross-sectional study
Hideaki Nagamoto et al
Research Square

Background:
Floating toes are a condition and deformity in which some of the toes are afloat. Many functional
impairments in floating toes have been previously studied lately and several factors related to floating
toes have also been reported. However, no reports have considered the relationship between lifestyle and
floating toes among children. The purpose of this study was to reveal the prevalence of floating toes
among school children and reveal its relationship with lifestyle.
Methods:
In total, 138 young male baseball players were recruited. Lifestyle was evaluated by using a questionnaire
and chosen whether the main lifestyle was Japanese or Western, if the bedding was futons or beds, and
if the toilet was Japanese style (a squat toilet) or Western style. Floating toes were defined as toes that
were not in contact with the mat. Ankle dorsiflexion in the knee-flexed and knee-extended positions was
measured in a weight-bearing position. The relationship between the floating toes and lifestyles, and the
comparison of ankle dorsiflexion range of motion between the lifestyles were statistically analyzed.
Results:
Players living in a Western style showed a significantly higher prevalence of floating toes on both feet
compared with the players living in a Japanese style (throwing side; 39% vs. 19%, p = 0.04, and nonthrowing side; 43% vs. 19%, p = 0.01). Players living in a Western style with beds showed a significantly
smaller range of motion on both sides of ankle dorsiflexion in the knee-flexed position compared with
those who were not (throwing side; 37.2 ± 5.7° vs. 39.0 ± 6.6°, p = 0.04, and non-throwing side; 36.8 ± 5.8°
vs. 38.6 ± 6.1°, p = 0.04).
Conclusion:
Children mainly living in a Western lifestyle showed a significantly higher prevalence of floating toes on
both feet compared to those mainly living in a Japanese lifestyle. The prevalence of floating toes may be
related to lifestyles among children.
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NewsBot · Dec 24, 2023

Are floating toes associated with lifestyle in children? A cross-sectional study
Hideaki Nagamoto et al
J Foot Ankle Res. 2023 Dec 13;16(1):90

Background: Floating toes are a condition and deformity in which some of the toes are afloat. Many functional impairments in floating toes have been previously studied lately and several factors related to floating toes have also been reported. However, no reports have considered the relationship between lifestyle and floating toes among children. The purpose of this study was to reveal the prevalence of floating toes among school children and reveal its relationship with lifestyle.

Methods: In total, 138 young male baseball players were recruited. Lifestyle was evaluated by using a questionnaire and chosen whether the main lifestyle was Japanese or Western, if the bedding was futons or beds, and if the toilet was Japanese style (a squat toilet) or Western style. Floating toes were defined as toes that were not in contact with the mat. Ankle dorsiflexion in the knee-flexed and knee-extended positions was measured in a weight-bearing position. The relationship between the floating toes and lifestyles, and the comparison of ankle dorsiflexion range of motion between the lifestyles were statistically analyzed.

Results: Players living in a Western style showed a significantly higher prevalence of floating toes on both feet compared with the players living in a Japanese style (throwing side; 39% vs. 19%, p = 0.04, and non-throwing side; 43% vs. 19%, p = 0.01). Players living in a Western style with beds showed a significantly smaller range of motion on both sides of ankle dorsiflexion in the knee-flexed position compared with those who were not (throwing side; 37.2 ± 5.7° vs. 39.0 ± 6.6°, p = 0.04, and non-throwing side; 36.8 ± 5.8° vs. 38.6 ± 6.1°, p = 0.04).

Conclusion: Children mainly living in a Western lifestyle showed a significantly higher prevalence of floating toes on both feet compared to those mainly living in a Japanese lifestyle. The prevalence of floating toes may be related to lifestyles among children.
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NewsBot · Apr 3, 2024

Relationship between the floating toe and the center-of-pressure position in an upright posture among students
Koji Koyama et al
J Phys Ther Sci. 2024 Apr;36(4):175-180

[Purpose] The incidence of floating toes in children is increasing. Although the anteroposterior center of pressure in children is present posteriorly, its relationship with the floating toe is unclear. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the position of the anteroposterior center of pressure and the floating toe in an upright posture in children. [Participants and Methods] In this cross-sectional study, a Win-Pod (Medicapteurs) platform was used to measure the position of the anteroposterior center of pressure in 208 boys and 195 girls from Japanese elementary schools. Using images of the plantar footprint, floating toes were assessed and the floating toe score was calculated. [Results] The anteroposterior center of pressure position was situated 32.3 ± 8.2% from the heel. The floating toe score of all the participants was 3.5 ± 2.4, with a very high rate of 98%. The floating toe score had a significant, moderate correlation with age, height, weight, and the anteroposterior center-of-pressure position. Multivariate analysis revealed an association between the floating toe score and the anteroposterior center-of-pressure position, height, and weight. [Conclusion] There is significant relationship between the anteroposterior center-of-pressure position and the floating toe score in an upright posture in Japanese elementary school students.
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Floating toes in children

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Something floating inside arch of foot?

Curly toes=?, "Correct Toes" & Spacers

A Seven Toes Foot

Blue toes syndrome

Annular pulleys of the toes

Little toes curl under next toe

The myth of toes curling to grip the ground

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Floating toes in children

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NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

Something floating inside arch of foot?

Curly toes=?, "Correct Toes" & Spacers

A Seven Toes Foot

Blue toes syndrome

Annular pulleys of the toes

Little toes curl under next toe

The myth of toes curling to grip the ground

Share This Page

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