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Help with student assignment on muscles

Discussion in 'General Issues and Discussion Forum' started by sandie1, Jan 13, 2008.

  1. sandie1

    sandie1 Welcome New Poster


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    Hi, Does the arena have a student area for when we need help with with coursework, assignments and stuff?

    I'm first year podiatry student and have exams coming up next week. Need help with this question and was wandering if you could help out :bang

    When lowering from stand to sit:- name 4 muscles passing the hip that are contracting eccentrically including their origins and insertions? Which 2 of these muscles pass both the knee and the hip and what form of contraction will be occurring during this activity???

    :boohoo: I know it is short notice but been under the weather recently

    Any help/advice would be truly appreciated

    cheers :drinks
     
  2. Re: muscle help

    Sorry Sandie I'm not going to answer your question as this is fairly easy to work out, but from an educational standpoint I would point this out to whomever wrote the question:

    When lowering from stand to sit:- name 4 muscles passing the hip that are contracting eccentrically including their origins and insertions? Which 2 of these muscles pass both the knee and the hip and what form of contraction will be occurring during this activity???

    Doh :bash:
     
  3. Re: muscle help

    Sandie:

    I feel for you. First of all, the question is written poorly. The first part of the question says that all of these muscles must be contracting eccentrically so that "eccentric contraction" must be the answer to the second part of the question if the questions are to be consistent with each other. The only significant muscle that passes the hip that causes pure hip extension is the gluteus maximus, which sends insertional fibers into the iliotibial band that then also cross the knee joint, with some fibers inserting also on the femur. Therefore, part of the gluteus maximus would serve to answer both the first and second questions. The rectus femoris is a hip flexor but also is a knee extensor so this may one of the muscles that answers both the first and second questions. The piriformis is a weak hip extensor so it may answer the first question. The posterior fibers of the adductor longus help extend the hip, but the anterior fibers of the adductor longus flex the hip, so posterior fibers of adductor longus would be the other probable answer to question #1. None of the hamstrings muscles seem logical choices for answers since they are all knee flexors and, as a result, would not likely be contracting eccentrically during a stand to sit maneuver.

    Hope this helps and hope you feel better.
     
  4. Re: muscle help

    This attached paper may be of help?
     

    Attached Files:

  5. Re: muscle help


    Cool paper, Simon. Thanks for that. However, I can't see any of the hamstrings contracting eccentrically during the stand to sit maneuver due to the concurrent knee flexion occurring during this maneuver. I would imagine their contraction would be isometric rather than eccentric. What are your thoughts?
     
  6. Re: muscle help

    My thoughts are along the same lines as yours Kevin. Whether we get net isometric, eccentric or concentric is likely dependent upon the height of the seat and how far forward they lean to maintain balance during the process. Much depends on the angle of knee flexion + hip flexion. Don't you think?

    BTW classical muscle imbalance theorists suggest that the hamstrings do attempt to take on a stabilizing role in association with long + weak gluteals, becoming short and strong in the process.
     
  7. Re: muscle help

    Simon:

    Would you also agree on the answers I gave to the question for young Sandie? I'm not comfortable with rectus femoris being an eccentric muscle during stand to sit due to the hip flexion occurring.
     
  8. Re: muscle help

    I did raise an eyebrow at that one (I've only got one eyebrow that works at the moment), but thought you would argue greater knee flexion than hip flexion = net lengthening, and taking into account the radial distance from joint centre to tendon as potentially significant. Thinking windlass effect, but at the knee. If I'm honest, I wouldn't have put it down as eccentric in this activity. Though I suspect you may well prove me wrong in your next posting!!!

    As I recall there is a nice chapter on this topic in http://www.amazon.co.uk/Functional-Human-Movement-Measurement-Analysis/dp/0750626070

    Shame one of my ex-colleagues didn't return my copy of this book to me -you know who you are: the one with the copy of this book with Dr. S.K. Spooner written in the front cover.:boxing:
     
  9. admin

    admin Administrator Staff Member

    Not specifically. However, it is fine line. If students just post assignment/essay questions here to get answers without having done the background work and checked all the usual sources, they are really just putting themselves at a disadvantage in terms of their own academic development. Assignments/essays are just as much about the process as the outcome. Taking short cuts is only sort changing yourself.

    On the other had, if all the background work has been done, but some confusion, or lack of clarity exists, or their are some outstanding issues, then asking for help here is a good idea. The community here can also benefit from the discussion and Podiatry Arena contributors are much more willing to help those students who have demonstrated that at least they have made the effort before coming here.

    You may also want to see this:
    Using Podiatry Arena as a reference for student assignments, papers and essays
     
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