Orthopedic manifestations and implications for individuals with Costello syndrome.

Costello syndrome

Medical condition

Costello syndrome, also called faciocutaneoskeletal syndrome or FCS syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder that affects many parts of the body. It is characterized by delayed development and intellectual disabilities, distinctive facial features, unusually flexible joints, and loose folds of extra skin, especially on the hands and feet.^[1]: 571 Heart abnormalities are common, including a very fast heartbeat (tachycardia), structural heart defects, and overgrowth of the heart muscle (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy). Infants with Costello syndrome may be large at birth, but grow more slowly than other children and have difficulty feeding. Later in life, people with this condition have relatively short stature and many have reduced levels of growth hormones. It is a RASopathy.^{[citation needed]}

Beginning in early childhood, people with specific mutations on the Costello syndrome gene variant have an increased risk of developing certain cancerous and noncancerous tumors. Small growths called papillomas are the most common noncancerous tumors seen with this condition. They usually develop around the nose and mouth. The most frequent cancerous tumor associated with Costello syndrome is a soft tissue tumor called a rhabdomyosarcoma. Other cancers also have been reported in children and adolescents with this disorder, including a tumor that arises in developing nerve cells (neuroblastoma) and a form of bladder cancer (transitional cell carcinoma).

Costello syndrome was discovered by Jack Costello, a New Zealand paediatrician, in 1977.^[2][3] He is credited with first reporting the syndrome in the Australian Paediatric Journal, Volume 13, No.2 in 1977.^[4]

1. ^ James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
2. ^ "Cs description". Archived from the original on 2010-11-21. Retrieved 2010-12-29.
3. ^ "Discovery offers key to children's disease". The New Zealand Herald. 24 October 2003. Retrieved 26 September 2011.
4. ^ Costello JM (June 1977). "A new syndrome: mental subnormality and nasal papillomata". Aust Paediatr J. 13 (2): 114–8. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1977.tb01135.x. PMID 907573. S2CID 24745057.

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