A Biopsychosocial Model of Ultrasonography Assessment of Ankle/Foot Pain

NewsBot · Oct 18, 2014

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Ultrasonography Assessment of Ankle/Foot Pain: A Biopsychosocial Model
Kathryn E. Zale
Master of Science Thesis; The Ohio State University 2014

Approximately 20 percent of the general population suffers from musculoskeletal
pain, and foot pain is one of the most common reasons people make an appointment to
see their physician. With the current medical model, the economic burden of
musculoskeletal pain costs US insurance companies nearly $850 billion dollars annually.
Furthermore, musculoskeletal pain leads to a loss of physical function and declines in
mental health, which may adversely affect gainful employment.
For these reasons a new biopsychosocial model is needed to help address this
significant problem. Therefore, this work aims to provide a cost-effective, holistic
approach to ankle/foot pain with the utilization of a hand-carried ultrasound unit (HCU).
A pre-experimental research design was used to allow for a convenient sample of
asymptomatic and symptomatic volunteers to undergo evaluation of the ankle/foot. This
innovative mixed-method screening included a questionnaire, an intake history, as well as
a bilateral sonographic evaluation of the ankle/feet. Evaluation of tendons in the
posteromedial and posterolateral compartments can provide a potential diagnosis of
tenosynovitis, tendinopathy, and varied levels of tendon tears. In addition to the typical
structures evaluated with ankle/foot MSK sonography, myofascial trigger points
(MTrPs), were palpated and scanned, since they are an overlooked, as a common cause of
MSK pain. This approach allowed for the exploration of the usefulness of an HCU to
contribute to the holistic diagnostic work-up for patients with ankle/foot pain.
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