Effect of running shoe age in running biomechanics

NewsBot · May 17, 2017

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The influence of shoe aging on children running biomechanics
Alexis Herbaut et al
Gait & Posture; Article in Press

Highlights
•14 children performed a running task with new shoes and used shoes.
•GRF loading rate increased by 23% in used shoes compared to new shoes.
•Peak ankle and knee power absorptions decreased by 11% and 12% in used shoes
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Athletic children are prone to overuse injuries, especially at the heel and knee. Since footwear is an extrinsic factor of lower limb injury risk, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of shoe aging on children running biomechanics. Fourteen children active in sports participated in a laboratory biomechanical evaluation. A new pair of shoes was provided to each participant at an inclusion visit. Four months later, the participants performed a running task and their kinematics and kinetics were assessed both with their used shoes and with a new pair of shoes identical to the first. Furthermore, mechanical cushioning properties of shoes were evaluated before and after in-vivo aging. After 4 months of use, the sole stiffness increased by 16% and the energy loss capacity decreased by 18% (p < 0.001). No ankle or knee kinematic adjustment was found at foot strike in used shoes but changes were observed later during stance. Running with used shoes produced a higher loading rate of the vertical ground reaction force (+23%, p = 0.016), suggesting higher compressive forces under the heel and placing children at risk to experience impact-related injuries. Nevertheless, the decreased peak ankle and knee power absorption in used shoes (−11%, p = 0.010 and −12%, p = 0.029, respectively) suggests a lower ankle and knee joints loading during the absorption phase that may be beneficial regarding stretch-related injuries.
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Admin2 · May 17, 2017

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NewsBot · Mar 18, 2020

Longitudinal Analysis of Plantar Pressures with Wear of a Running Shoe.
Escamilla-Martínez E et al
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 5;17(5)

Running shoes typically have a lifespan of 300-1000 km, and the plantar pressure pattern during running may change as the shoe wears. So, the aim of this study was to determine the variation of plantar pressures with shoe wear, and the runner's subjective sensation. Maximun Plantar Pressures (MMP) were measured from 33 male recreational runners at three times during a training season (beginning, 350 km, and 700 km) using the Biofoot/IBV® in-shoe system (Biofoot/IBV®, Valencia, Spain). All the runners wore the same shoes (New Balance® 738, Boston, MA, USA) during this period, and performed similar training. The zones supporting most pressure at all three study times were the medial (inner) column of the foot and the forefoot. There was a significant increase in pressure on the midfoot over the course of the training season (from 387.8 to 590 kPa, p = 0.003). The runners who felt the worst cushioning under the midfoot were those who had the highest peak pressures in that area (p = 0.002). The New Balance® 738 running shoe effectively maintains the plantar pressure pattern after 700 km of use under all the zones studied except the midfoot, probably due to material fatigue or deficits of the specific cushioning systems in that area.
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NewsBot · Jun 24, 2021

Effect of sports shoe mileage on running mechanics and lower limb muscular activities in male individuals with and without genu varus Effect of sports shoe mileage on running mechanics and lower limb muscular activities in male individuals with and withoutgenu varus
Jafarnezhadgero et al
Science & Sports; 22 April 2021

Objectives
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term effects of shoes wearing on lower limb kinetics and electromyography activity of selected muscles of genu varus males compared with healthy age-matched controls during running.

Equipment and methods Fifteen healthy males (age: 23.20 ± 1.78 years) and 14 males with genu varus (age: 21.57 ± 2.34 years) were eligible for inclusion in this study. Participants received new shoes before the baseline test and were measured with the same shoes (used shoes) after six months in the post-test. Ground reaction forces and muscle activities were recorded in both pre-test and post-test during running.

Results
Irrespective of the groups, pair-wise comparisons revealed that peak medial ground reaction force (p = 0.002; d = 0.316) values were higher at post-test. Furthermore, peak negative free moment (p = 0.008; d = 0.235) and peak positive free moment (p < 0.002; d = 0.298) were higher and lower respectively at the post-test. For electromyography activity at the loading phase, the tibialis anterior and vastus medialis muscle activities were higher in the post-test, while the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and rectus femoris muscles activities were higher at the mid-stance phase. The gluteus medius muscle activity was reduced at the push-off phase in the post-test.

Conclusion
Shoe mileage appears to have an impact on ground reaction force and selected muscle activities in healthy male individuals with and without genu varus. Together with the observed findings on shoe stiffness, it seems appropriate to change running shoes after a great wearing time of approximately six months with walking and to run mileage about 17 km / week.
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NewsBot · Jul 4, 2022

Effects of Attrition Shoes on Kinematics and Kinetics of Lower Limb Joints During Walking
Shane Fei Chen et al
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022 Feb 9

Shoe attrition is inevitable as wearing time increases, which may produce diverse influences on kinematics and kinetics of lower limb joints. Excessive attrition may change support alignment and lead to deleterious impacts on the joints. The study identifies the biomechanical influences of aging shoes on lower limb joints. The shoes in the experiment were manually worn in the lateral heel. Nineteen healthy participants, including thirteen males and six females, were recruited to conduct walking experiments wearing attrition shoes (AS) and new shoes (NS) with a random order. A Vicon motion analysis system was used to collect kinematic data and ground reaction force. Kinematic and kinetic parameters of the hip, knee, and ankle joints were calculated using the Anybody Musculoskeletal Model and compared between the two conditions, AS and NS. The results showed that wearing an attrition shoe decreased the plantarflexion angle and plantarflexion moment of the ankle joint, while significantly increasing the magnitude of the first peak of the knee adduction moment and hip abduction moment and hip internal rotation moment (p < .05). The results of the study implied that wearing attrition shoes is not recommended for those people with knee problems due to increase in medial loading.
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