Fatigue in the pronated foot

NewsBot · Dec 9, 2020

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FATIGUE IN CHILDREN WITH PRONATED FEET AFTER AEROBIC EXERCISES
María de Los Ángeles Gómez-Benítez, Andrea Gómez-Benítez, Javier Ramos-Ortega, José M Castillo-Lopez, Lorena Bellido-Fernández, Pedro V V Munuera-Martínez
J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2020 Nov 17;19-058

Background: Sports have a strong influence on current society. Foot posture has been postulated as a risk factor for overuse injuries; however, the link between foot posture and injuries is unclear. This study aimed at checking whether children with pronated feet become more fatigued after participating in sports tests than those with normal feet.

Methods: One-hundred five children between 10 and 12 years old (10.46 {plus minus} 0.78) participated in the sports tests. These tests were aerobic-type resistance exercises with six stations at which each child remained for 30 sec. The posture of the foot was evaluated via the foot posture index (FPI) and the plantar footprint via the arch index and Clarke's angle before and after aerobic-type resistance exercises. The perceived tiredness was evaluated with the Pictorial Children´s Effort Rating Table (PCERT) questionnaire and whether or not there was pain during or after physical activity.

Results: The variables used to measure the foot posture and the plantar arch changed more in the group of children with pronated feet, suggesting that the feet undergo pronation more after physical exercise. The neutral feet group obtained an average score of 5.46 {plus minus} 1.89 on the PCERT, while the pronated feet group obtained a score of 7.60 {plus minus} 1.92.

Conclusions: The children with pronated feet showed more fatigue and foot pain during and/or after physical exercise than those with neutral feet. The type of foot could be responsible for the lack of enthusiasm of children toward undertaking healthy activities, and this problem might be solved via appropriate orthopedic treatment.
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NewsBot · Aug 31, 2021

The effects of calf muscles fatigue on dynamic plantar pressure distribution in normal foot posture and flexible flatfoot: A case-control study
Muge Kirmizi et al
J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2021 Aug 20

Background: Flexible flatfoot is associated with altered plantar pressure distribution, but it is not clear how muscle fatigue affects plantar pressure characteristics in flexible flatfoot and normal foot.

Objective: To investigate the effects of calf muscles fatigue on plantar pressure variables in flexible flatfoot and normal foot.

Methods: Twenty-five people with flexible flatfoot and twenty-five people with normal foot were included. The unilateral heel-rise test was used to induce calf muscles fatigue. Plantar pressure variables were collected during preferred walking immediately before and after fatigue. The two-way mixed-design ANOVA was used to determine the main effect of fatigue and the interaction between foot posture and fatigue.

Results: Fatigue causes medialization of the contact area under the forefoot and the maximum force under the heel and forefoot (p< 0.05). When examining the differences in the effects of fatigue between groups, the contact area under the medial heel increased with fatigue in flexible flatfoot but decreased in normal foot; moreover, the contact area and maximum force under the midfoot and the maximum force under the third metatarsal decreased with fatigue in flexible flatfoot but increased in normal foot (p< 0.05).

Conclusions: Calf muscles fatigue causes medialization of the maximum force and contact area. Especially the midfoot was affected differently by fatigue in flexible flatfoot and normal foot.
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NewsBot · Jul 27, 2022

ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN EXERCISE-INDUCED FLATTENING OF FOOT ARCH
AND FATIGUE OF EXTRINSIC AND INTRINSIC FOOT MUSCLES
Hiroto Shiotani et al
40th International Society of Biomechanics in Sports Conference, Liverpool, UK: July 19-23, 2022

We aimed to examine the associations between exercise-induced flattening of the foot arch
and fatigue of extrinsic and intrinsic foot muscles. Fifteen male participants repeated 100
hops/set until they could no longer maintain the hop frequency or had completed 30 sets.
The sagittal plane range of motion (ROM) of the midfoot during stance phase significantly
decreased at the final set compared to the initial set (-8.8°). After the fatigue task, MRI T2
relaxation time in all measured extrinsic and intrinsic foot muscles significantly increased
(17.2‒37.4%); however, only its increase in the tibialis posterior (TP) correlated with the
relative change in midfoot ROM (r = 0.684). These results suggest that fatigue of TP is
associated with the occurrence of flattening of the foot arch. This study provides a clinical
implication that monitoring midfoot kinematics can be used to assess the condition of TP.
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NewsBot · Sep 17, 2023

Impact of pronated foot on energetic behavior and efficiency during walking
Wataru Kawakami et al
Gait & Posture Volume 107, October 2023, Pages 23-27

Background
The longitudinal arch of the foot acts like a spring during stance and contributes to walking efficiency. Pronated foot characterized by a collapsed medial longitudinal arch may have the impaired spring-like function and poor walking efficiency. However, the differences in the energetic behavior during walking between individuals with pronated foot and neutral foot have not been considered.

Research question
How does the energetic behavior within the foot and proximal lower limb joints in pronated foot affect walking efficiency?

Methods
Twenty-one healthy young adults were classified into neutral foot and pronated foot based on the Foot Posture Index score. All subjects walked across the floor and attempted to have the rearfoot and forefoot segments contact separate force plates to analyze the forces acting on isolated regions within the foot. Kinematic and kinetic data were recorded by a three-dimensional motion capture system. The hip, knee, ankle, and mid-tarsal joint power was quantified using a 6-degree-of-freedom joint power method. To qualify total power within all structures of the foot and forefoot, we used a unified deformable segment analysis. Additionally, we calculated the center of mass power to quantify the total power of the whole body

Results
There is no difference in the mid-tarsal joint work between the pronated foot and neutral foot. On the other hand, pronated foot exhibited greater net negative work at structures distal to the forefoot during walking. Additionally, pronated foot exhibited less net positive work at the ankle and center of mass during walking compared to neutral foot.

Significance
Individuals with pronated foot generate the mid-tarsal joint work by increasing the work absorbed at structures distal to the forefoot, which results in reduced energy efficiency during walking. That energy inefficiency may reduce positive work at the ankle and affect the walking efficiency in individuals with pronated foot.
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