Multi-segment foot kinematics in plantar fasciitis

NewsBot · Jun 17, 2014

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Multi-segment foot kinematics and ground reaction forces during gait of individuals with plantar fasciitis
Ryan Chang, Pedro A. Rodrigues, Richard E.A. Van Emmerik, Joseph Hamill
Journal of Biomechanics; Articles in Press

Background
Clinically, plantar fasciitis (PF) is believed to be a result and/or prolonged by overpronation and excessive loading, but there is little biomechanical data to support this assertion. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences between healthy individuals and those with PF in: 1) rearfoot motion, 2) medial forefoot motion, 3) first metatarsal phalangeal joint (FMPJ) motion, and 4) ground reaction forces (GRF).
Methods
We recruited healthy (n=22) and chronic PF individuals (n=22, symptomatic over three months) of similar age, height, weight, and foot shape (p>0.05). Retro-reflective skin markers were fixed according to a multi-segment foot and shank model. Ground reaction forces and three dimensional kinematics of the shank, rearfoot, medial forefoot, and hallux segment were captured as individuals walked at 1.35 ms−1.
Results
Despite similarities in foot anthropometrics, when compared to healthy individuals, individuals with PF exhibited significantly (p<0.05): 1) greater total rearfoot eversion, 2) greater forefoot plantar flexion at initial contact, 3) greater total sagittal plane forefoot motion, 4) greater maximum FMPJ dorsiflexion, and 5) decreased vertical GRF during propulsion.
Conclusion
These data suggest that compared to healthy individuals, individuals with PF exhibit significant differences in foot kinematics and kinetics. Consistent with the theoretical injury mechanisms of PF, we found these individuals to have greater total rearfoot eversion and peak FMPJ dorsiflexion, which may put undue loads on the plantar fascia. Meanwhile, increased medial forefoot plantar flexion at initial contact and decreased propulsive GRF are suggestive of compensatory responses, perhaps to manage pain.
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NewsBot · Jan 20, 2018

Biomechanical Parameters in Plantar Fasciitis Measured by Gait Analysis System With Pressure Sensor
Seung Don Yoo, MD, PhD et al
Ann Rehabil Med. 2017 Dec;41(6):979-989. English.

Objective
To investigate the differences in biomechanical parameters measured by gait analysis systems between healthy subjects and subjects with plantar fasciitis (PF), and to compare biomechanical parameters between ‘normal, barefooted’ gait and arch building gait in the participants.

Methods
The researchers evaluated 15 subjects (30 feet) with bilateral foot pain and 15 subjects (15 feet) with unilateral foot pain who had a clinical diagnosis of PF. Additionally, 17 subjects (34 feet) who had no heel pain were recruited. Subjects were excluded if they had a traumatic event, prior surgery or fractures of the lower limbs, a leg length discrepancy of 1 cm or greater, a body mass index greater than 35 kg/m2, or had musculoskeletal disorders. The participants were asked to walk with an arch building gait on a treadmill at 2.3 km/hr for 5 minutes. Various gait parameters were measured.

Results
With the arch building gait, the PF group proved that gait line length and single support line were significantly decreased, and lateral symmetry of the PF group was increased compared to that of the control group. The subjects with bilateral PF displayed significantly increased maximum pressure over the heel and the forefoot during arch building gait. In addition, the subjects with unilateral PF showed significantly increased maximum pressure over the forefoot with arch building gait.

Conclusion
The researchers show that various biomechanical differences exist between healthy subjects and those with PF. Employing an arch building gait in patients with PF could be helpful in changing gait patterns to normal biomechanics
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NewsBot · Jun 24, 2021

Differences in lower-extremity kinematics between the male military personnel with and without plantar fasciitis
PavineeHarutaichunabSujitraBoonyongaPraneetPensria
Physical Therapy in Sport; Volume 50, July 2021, Pages 130-137

Highlights
•Persons with plantar fasciitis had foot, ankle, knee, and hip kinematics different from the control in the stance phase.
•Persons with plantar fasciitis had more flexibility of the ankle-foot complex and poor quality of lower-extremity movement.
•Not only structures in the ankle-foot complex but also those in hip and knee joints were involved with plantar fasciitis.
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Objective
To evaluate the factors that influence gait by comparing lower extremity kinematics during the stance phase of the gait cycle between individuals with and without plantar fasciitis.

Design
A cross-sectional study.

Setting
Motion analysis research laboratory.

Participants
Thirty subjects with plantar fasciitis and 30 aged-matched controls.

Main outcome measure(s)
Range of motion of the lower extremity and multi-segment foot during gait using a three-dimensional motion analysis system.

Results
The plantar fasciitis group showed significant differences in motion in the multi-segment foot, ankle, knee, and hip from the control group during various subphases of the stance phase. Specifically, relative to the control group, the plantar fasciitis group had more rearfoot adduction, forefoot eversion, ankle abduction, and hip abduction. They also had less midfoot dorsiflexion, forefoot dorsiflexion, knee extension, knee external rotation, and hip extension (all Ps < 0.05).

Conclusions
Individuals with plantar fasciitis exhibited more flexibility in the ankle-foot complex and poorer quality of lower-extremity movement than the group that did not have plantar fasciitis. Thus, differences in structures in both the ankle-foot complex as well as those in the hip and knee joints appear to be associated with the presence of plantar fasciitis.
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