Overuse injury in different sports

NewsBot · Apr 2, 2014

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The prevalence and impact of overuse injuries in five Norwegian sports: Application of a new surveillance method
B. Clarsen et al
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports; Early View

Little is known about the true extent and severity of overuse injuries in sport, largely because of methodological challenges involved in recording them. This study assessed the prevalence of overuse injuries among Norwegian athletes from five sports using a newly developed method designed specifically for this purpose. The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire was distributed weekly by e-mail to 45 cross-country skiers, 98 cyclists, 50 floorball players, 55 handball players, and 65 volleyball players for 13 weeks. The prevalence of overuse problems at the shoulder, lower back, knee, and anterior thigh was monitored throughout the study and summary measures of an injury severity score derived from athletes' questionnaire responses were used to gauge the relative impact of overuse problems in each area. The area where overuse injuries had the greatest impact was the knee in volleyball where, on average, 36% of players had some form of complaint (95% CI 32–39%). Other prevalent areas included the shoulder in handball (22%, 95% CI 16–27%) the knee in cycling (23%, 95% CI 17–28%), and the knee and lower back in floorball (27%, 95% CI 24–31% and 29%, 95% CI 25–33%, respectively).
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Admin2 · Apr 2, 2014

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NewsBot · May 1, 2015

Epidemiology of Overuse Injuries in Collegiate and High School Athletics in the United States
Karen G. Roos et al
Am J Sports Med April 30, 2015

Background: Overuse injuries result from microtrauma due to repetitive loading combined with insufficient tissue recovery time and can result in both immediate and long-term time loss from sports.
Hypothesis: Overuse injury rates and patterns differ across college and high school populations, sport, and sex.
Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study.
Methods: Surveillance data for 16 sports from the National Collegiate Athletic Association’s Injury Surveillance System (NCAA ISS; 2004-2005 through 2008-2009) and 14 sports from High School Reporting Information Online (High School RIO; 2006-2007 through 2012-2013) were analyzed. All reported injuries had an injury mechanism of overuse/gradual onset (college) or overuse/chronic (high school). Overuse injury incidence rates were calculated, and rate ratios with 95% CIs were used to compare subgroups.
Results: The rate of overuse injury was 3.28 times higher in college than high school sports (95% CI, 3.12-3.44). The rate of overuse injury among sex-comparable sports was higher in female than male athletes in both populations (college rate ratio, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.16-1.35; high school rate ratio, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.43-1.68). The lower extremity was the most commonly injured body site (college, 69.4%; high school, 70.4%). A larger proportion of overuse injuries among college athletes resulted in time loss of more than 21 days (college, 20.4%; high school, 7.7%) and surgery (college, 5.2%, high school, 2.5%).
Conclusion: Overuse injuries can impose a significant burden on college and high school athletes. Interventions addressing prevention of overuse injury are needed.
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NewsBot · Nov 2, 2016

Incidence and Epidemiology of Foot and Ankle Injuries in Elite Collegiate Athletes
Kenneth J. Hunt et al
Am J Sports Med November 1, 2016

Background: Foot and ankle injuries are increasing in competitive professional and collegiate athletics. Many of these injuries result in considerable missed time from sports and often require surgical intervention. To develop and implement effective practice participation strategies, return-to-play protocols, and injury prevention programs, an understanding of injury trends and epidemiology is vital.
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of foot and ankle injuries in elite athletes participating in 37 sports at a single National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) Division 1 institution.
Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study.
Methods: We evaluated the injury records of all varsity sports at a single NCAA Division 1 athletics program, including 1076 athletes participating in 37 sports. Detailed injury data were prospectively collected in a secure electronic database over a 2-year period. We reviewed the database for all foot/ankle injuries. Inclusion criteria were any foot/ankle injury that was sustained during an NCAA-sanctioned event and subsequently received medical treatment. Independent variables included athlete and injury demographics, missed days, physician visits, imaging results, and whether the injury required surgery. Injury incidence, relative frequency distributions, and sample proportions were dependent metrics for this investigation.
Results: During the study period, a total of 3861 total musculoskeletal injuries were recorded. There were 1035 foot/ankle injuries (27%). Of all foot/ankle injuries, 21% (218 of 1035) caused the athlete to miss at least 1 day of participation, with an average of 12.3 days of time loss from sport. Furthermore, 27% of athletes with foot/ankle injuries were referred for office evaluation by a physician, and 84% of these required radiologic imaging. The overall injury incidence rate was 3.80 per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs). The 4 sports with the highest incidence rate (>75th percentile) were women’s gymnastics, women’s cross-country, women’s soccer, and men’s cross country. The most frequently occurring foot/ankle injuries were ankle ligament injuries, tendinopathies or fasciopathies, and bone stress injuries.
Conclusion: The prevalence of foot/ankle injury in a large NCAA Division 1 athletics program was 27% of total musculoskeletal injuries over a 2-year period, with 21% of these injuries resulting in missed time. There were significantly higher foot and ankle injury incidence rates and more missed time in female athletes and women’s sports.
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NewsBot · Oct 6, 2020

Estimating unbiased sports injury rates: a compendium of injury rates calculated by athlete exposure and athlete at risk methods

NewsBot · Oct 13, 2021

Does prevention pay off? Economic aspects of sports injury prevention: a systematic review
Christoph Lutter et al
British Journal of Sports Medicine Published Online First: 01 October 2021

Objective To identify, summarise and critically assess economic evaluation studies on sports injury prevention strategies.

Design Systematic review.

Data sources PubMed, SportDiscuss.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies The current literature was searched following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Economic analyses published since 2010 were checked for inclusion. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Oxford Level of Evidence for economic and decision analysis; underlying randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were rated according to the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale, and risk of bias was assessed using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool.

Results Ten studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The quality assessment revealed limited data quality. For trial-based analysis, underlying RCTs were of good quality and had a low risk of bias. Prevention concepts for general injury reduction showed effectiveness and cost savings. Regarding specific injury types, the analysis of the studies showed that the best data are available for ankle, hamstring and anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Measures using specific training interventions were the predominant form of prevention concepts; studies investigating these concepts showed cost-effectiveness with total cost savings between €24.82 and €462 per athlete.

Conclusion Injury prevention strategies that were studied are cost-effective. However, estimates and outcomes vary throughout the included studies, and precluded pooling of existing data. Knowledge about the cost-effectiveness of evaluated prevention measures will help improve the acceptance and application of prevention initiatives.
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NewsBot · May 17, 2022

Epidemiology of Overuse Injuries in U.S. Secondary School Athletics from 2014-2015 to 2018-2019 Using the National Athletic Treatment, Injury, and Outcomes Network Surveillance Program
Eric G. Post, PhD, ATC, Janet E. Simon, PhD, ATC, Hannah Robison, MS, ATC, ...
Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine May 13, 2022

Background:
Large-scale injury surveillance systems such as the National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network Surveillance Program (NATION-SP) allow for the investigation of injury rates in national samples of high school athletes. The most recent studies examining overuse injury rates in high school sports reported data from 2012-2013 and therefore may not reflect current overuse injury rates in high school sports.

Hypothesis/Purpose:
To 1) determine overuse time-loss (TL) and non-time-loss (NTL) injury rates among high school student athletes using NATION-SP data collected from 2014-2015 to 2018-2019 and 2) compare overuse injury rates based on student-athlete gender defined by sport, sport, and injury location. We hypothesized that TL overuse injury rates would be greater than those previously reported from earlier data (1.64/10,000 athletic exposures (AEs) and 1.50/10,000 AEs). We also hypothesized that overall overuse rates would be greater in girls’ sports compared to boys’ sports and would differ between injury types (TL vs. NTL) and injury location.

Methods:
During the 2014-2015 through 2018-2019 school years, NATION-SP documented TL and NTL injuries from 222 high schools. This study included 23 high school sports during preseason, regular season, and post-season competitions and practices. Overuse injuries were identified using a combination of reported injury mechanism and diagnosis. Injury counts, rates, and rate ratios (IRRs) were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:
The overall overuse injury rate was 6.6/10,000 AEs (95%CI=6.3, 6.9), the NTL overuse injury rate was 4.0/10,000 AEs (95%CI=3.8, 4.3), and the TL overuse injury rate was 2.6/10,000 AEs (95%CI=2.4, 2.8). The overuse injury rate was greater in girls’ sports compared to boys’ sports (IRR=1.8; 95%CI=1.6, 1.9). The highest rates of overuse injury regardless of sport gender were reported in girls’ cross-country (20.0/10,000 AEs; 95%CI=15.7, 25.1), girls’ field hockey (17.6/10,000 AEs; 95%CI=12.3, 24.5), and girls’ track and field (17.5/10,000 AEs; 95%CI=14.9, 20.4). Overuse injury rates were highest for the lower extremity compared to the upper extremity (IRR=5.45; 95%CI=4.76, 6.27) and for the lower extremity compared to the trunk and spine (IRR=11.08; 95%CI=9.21, 13.45).

Conclusions:
Using NATION-SP data collected over five consecutive school years, overuse injury rates among high school athletes were much greater than previously reported earlier in the decade. Awareness of overuse injury risk as well as prevention and intervention recommendations are necessary and should be specifically targeted towards cross-country, field hockey, and track and field athletes.
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NewsBot · Jun 8, 2022

The Problem of Recurrent Injuries in Collegiate Track and Field
Chris Hopkins et al
International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy; Vol. 17, Issue 4, 2022

Background
As with most sports, participating in Track and Field (T&F) has inherent injury risks and a
previous injury often predisposes athletes to a greater future injury risk. However, the
frequency and burden of recurrent injuries in collegiate T&F have not been closely
examined.
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to describe the frequency and burden of recurrent injuries
in collegiate T&F and compare differences in the time loss associated with initial and
recurrent injuries by sex and T&F discipline.
Study Design
Descriptive Epidemiology Study
Methods
Data from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program were analyzed to describe the frequency
and burden of recurrent injuries in collegiate T&F between 2009 and 2014. Comparisons
of recurrent injury proportions by T&F discipline were made using Injury Proportion
Ratios (IPR) and injury-associated time loss comparisons by injury type and sex were
made using Negative Binomial Regression.
Results
Four hundred and seventy-four injuries were reported, 13.1% of which were classified as
recurrent injuries. T&F athletes who competed in jumps experienced a lower proportion
of recurrent injuries (6.1%) than runners (14.6%) and throwers (19.2%) (Recurrent IPR
0.40, 95% CI 0.18-0.88, p<0.05). When controlling for sex and injury diagnosis, T&F
athletes experienced 50% greater time loss from sport following a recurrent injury than
an initial injury (95% CI 17%-107%, p<0.01).
Conclusions
Recurrent injuries in T&F athletes account for greater time loss than initial injuries,
despite sex or injury diagnosis. The current study indicates a need for further research to
assess factors contributing to time loss.
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NewsBot · Oct 21, 2022

Having an injury complaint during the four weeks before an international athletics (‘track and field’) championship more than doubles the risk of sustaining an injury during the respective championship: a cohort study on 1095 athletes during 7 international championships
Pascal Edouard et al
October 20, 2022

Objectives
To analyse the association between pre-participation health status and in-championships injuries in a large dataset from seven international athletics championships, and to determine the health status of athletes during the four weeks before the start of international athletics championships.
Design
Prospective cohort study
Methods
We used data collected from athletes of national teams with medical staff who participated i) in a pre-participation health survey (retrospective data collection) and ii) in an in-championships injury surveillance (prospective data collection) during seven international athletics championships (2013-2018). We performed a binomial logistic regression with in-championship injury (yes/no) as the dependent variable and sex, age, discipline (explosive/endurance), type of championships (outdoor/indoor) and pre-participation injury complaint (yes/no) and pre-participation illness complaint (yes/no) as independent variables, with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
Results
Out of the 1095 athletes included 31.2% reported an injury complaint during the 4 weeks before the championships and 21.6% an illness complaint. The univariate model showed that discipline, type of championships and pre-participation injury complaints (OR=2.57, 95%CI: 1.66 to 3.97) were significantly associated with in-championships injuries, and the multivariable model showed that type of championships and pre-participation injury complaints (OR=2.64, 95%CI: 1.60 to 4.36) remained significantly associated with in-championships injuries.
Conclusions
Our present study shows that an injury complaint during the four weeks before an international athletics championship significantly increased risk of sustaining an injury during the following championship, which was reported by about one third of athletes with differences between sex and disciplines.
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NewsBot · Nov 22, 2022

Epidemiological Analysis of Foot and Ankle Injuries in Athletes: Experience of a Single Specialized Center
Lucas Plens de Britto Costa, Fernando G. Corrêa, […], and Nacime SB Mansur, MD+5View all authors and affiliations
Source

Introduction/Purpose:
The number of professional and amateur athletes has increased, consequently leading to an increase in the incidence of sports injuries. Understanding the epidemiological profile of foot and ankle's injuries in athletes is relevant for the prevention and treatment its occurrence. As far as we know, there is a lack of studies that report the epidemiological profile of athletes with foot and ankle disorders considering different sports. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of foot and ankle injuries in athletes treated at an outpatient clinic specializing in injuries resulting from sports practice. The primary hypothesis is that ankle instability is the most frequent injury in athletes in the foot and ankle specialty outpatient clinic.
Methods:
Observational, retrospective, descriptive and comparative level IV of evidence study. The sample consisted of patients treated at an outpatient clinic specializing in foot and ankle injuries in sport, between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2020.
Three certified orthopedic physicians reviewed the charts and documented patient demographics, sport, diagnosis and lesion laterality. Age was analyzed according to age groups. The inclusion criteria were patients practicing amateurs or sports professionals of all age groups. We only count the first visits and the main modality and diagnosis of the patient. Exclusion criteria were insufficient data documented in chart, injuries that did not occur secondary to sports practice, and patients with conditions unrelated to the ankle and foot. Statistical analyzes were performed using software: SPSS V20, Minitab 16 and Excel Office 2010. We performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to verify the association of gender, age and laterality with the main injuries documented.
Results:
A total of 763 patients (387 men and 376 women) met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 35 years (SD= +-14.1; min=8.9; max=77). The most prevalent age group was young adults with 51.7% and the least prevalent was children with 1.4%. The most prevalent diseases were chronic lateral ankle instability (n=134, 17.6%), acute lateral ankle sprain (n=120, 15.7%) and plantar fasciitis (n=69, 9%). The multivariable analysis by logistic regression identified as a risk factor for lateral ankle instability the age group of young adults and females. In acute lateral ankle sprain, age was identified as a risk factor with statistical significance. In overuse injuries, only the female gender was evidenced as a risk factor. In non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy, bilaterality was associated as a risk factor with disease while in insertional Achilles tendinopathy, only the male gender was identified as a risk factor, as well as in Achilles tendon rupture.
Conclusion:
The literature specifically describing foot and ankle injuries during sport is limited, despite being highly prevalent injuries. Our work correlated several factors such as age, gender and laterality with specific sports through multivariate analysis, adding epidemiological data to the literature that help in the prevention and treatment of foot and ankle injuries in sports.
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NewsBot · Feb 16, 2024

Injury incidence according to athlete impairment type during the 2012 and 2016 Summer Paralympic Games: a combined analysis of 101 108 athlete days
Faatima Adam et al
Source

Objectives The relationship between sport-related injuries and Para athlete impairment type has not yet been comprehensively studied. This study aimed to describe injury incidence according to athlete impairment type during the London 2012 and Rio 2016 Summer Paralympic Games, by sex, age, Games period, chronicity and anatomical area.

Methods A combined analysis of 7222 athletes was conducted comprising 101 108 athlete days, using pooled data. Internet sources were used to identify impairments of registered athletes. Impairment types: brain disorders (BD), limb deficiency, neuromuscular disorders (NMD), spinal cord-related disorders, visual impairment (VI) and ‘all others’ (OTH: impaired passive range of movement, intellectual impairment, leg length difference, short stature and unknown impairments). Results by impairment type are reported as univariate unadjusted incidences (injuries/1000 athlete days; 95% CIs). Statistical significance between impairment types was determined when 95% CIs did not overlap.

Results The overall crude unadjusted incidence of injury was 11.1 (95% CI 10.4 to 11.9), significantly higher in VI (13.7 (95% CI 11.0 to 15.7)) and NMD (13.3 (95% CI 11.1 to 16.1)) compared with BD (9.1 (95% CI 7.7 to 10.8)). Acute (sudden onset) (8.6 (95% CI 7.3 to 10.1)) and lower limb (6.6 (95% CI 5.4 to 8.1)) injuries were higher among athletes with VI, while athletes with NMD had a higher incidence of repetitive (gradual onset) (5.9 (95% CI 4.3 to 8.0)) and upper limb (6.9 (95% CI 5.2 to 9.0)) injuries compared with other impairments.

Conclusions Incidence and type of injuries differed between athlete impairment types. Athletes with VI or NMD sustained the highest incidence of injury, and athletes with BD had the lowest. Findings of this study can inform the management of competition-related injuries in Para athletes.
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