Plantar pressures in soccer boots

NewsBot · Nov 16, 2013

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Soccer Boots Elevate Plantar Pressures in Elite Male Soccer Professionals.
Carl HD, Pauser J, Swoboda B Prof, Jendrissek A, Brem M.
Clin J Sport Med. 2013 Nov 13.

OBJECTIVE::
The present study measured the difference in peak plantar pressure between running shoes and soccer shoes in male soccer professionals [mean (SD): age, 23 (4) years; height, 184 (7) cm; weight, 81 (6) kg].
DESIGN::
Case series.
SETTING::
Institutional study.
PARTICIPANTS::
A total of 19 elite male soccer professionals [mean (SD): age, 23 (4) years; height, 184 (7) cm; weight 81 (6) kg].
INTERVENTIONS::
Fifteen right and left steps with sensor-loaded insoles (99 sensors, 50 Hz) while running (3.3 m/s) in running shoes and then chosen soccer shoes (12-stud profile). The players were equipped with running shoes from the supplier without any medical supervision.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES::
Changes of peak plantar pressure for 9 defined foot portions between soccer boots and running shoes.
RESULTS::
A statistically significant increase of peak plantar pressure was found for the lateral midfoot (P < 0.001 for preferred and nonpreferred foot), the first metatarsal head (preferred foot: P < 0.001; nonpreferred foot: P = 0.002), the metatarsal heads 4/5 (preferred foot: P = 0.001, nonpreferred foot: P = 0.002), and the big toe (preferred foot: P = 0.001, nonpreferred foot: P < 0.001), but not for the lateral and medial hindfoot, the medial midfoot, and lesser toes.
CONCLUSIONS::
In running, soccer boots generate excessive foot loadings predominantly under the lateral midfoot, as compared with running shoes. Players should be trained with a thoughtfully designed workout regimen that allows performing as many straight running exercises as possible in running shoes instead of soccer boots. This may help to prevent fifth metatarsal stress fractures in elite male soccer players.
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NewsBot · Feb 7, 2014

Plantar pressure measurements for the evaluation of shoe comfort, overuse injuries and performance in soccer
Ewald M. Hennig
Footwear Science (in press)

Soccer has become the most popular sport across the globe. Players would agree that footwear has a large influence on the game of soccer. Shoe traction properties determine the speed of the game, and various shoe stud configurations are optimised for wet and dry ground conditions. Questionnaires show that comfort is the most desirable shoe feature that soccer players want from their shoes. Better comfort is strongly associated with a reduction of high pressures under the foot. During running, sprinting and cut movements large differences in plantar pressure patterns are present. These different loading patterns may explain some of the overuse injuries in soccer. The type of footwear also modifies in-shoe pressures substantially. This knowledge is not only important for improving foot comfort and injury prevention but can also explain performance differences between various shoe constructions. Even the influence of shoe design on the kicking accuracy can be analysed by pressure distribution measurements. Overall, pressure measuring devices can be considered the most important tool for the evaluation and design of shoes for better comfort, enhanced performance and the prevention of overuse injuries.
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NewsBot · Nov 14, 2014

Biomechanical study of plantar pressures during walking in male soccer players with increased vs. normal hip alpha angles.
Hagen M, Abraham C, Ficklscherer A, Lahner M.
Technol Health Care. 2014 Nov 11

BACKGROUND:
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is accompanied by increased hip alpha angles, in particular in athletes with high impact sports.OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to investigate the dynamic function of the foot during walking in male soccer players with increased versus normal alpha angles.
METHODS:
Plantar pressures of 20 injury-free male soccer players were recorded during barefoot walking at 1.6 m/s. Ten subjects had bilaterally increased (>55°) (IA) and ten subjects normal (<50°) hip alpha angles (NA). Both standing and kicking leg were analyzed.
RESULTS:
Compared to NA, IA showed lower force-time-integrals (-23%; p< 0.01), pressure-time-integrals (-29%; p< 0.001) and relative loads (p< 0.05) under the heel. In IA contact area of the hallux is about 13% (p< 0.05) reduced. In IA relative loads are increased under the lateral midfoot (p< 0.05) and the second toe (p< 0.05). Higher loading of the lateral midfoot is also reflected in the increased force-time integral (+33%; p< 0.001). No differences between legs and no interactions, indicating a specifity in kicking or standing leg, are found.
CONCLUSIONS:
Compared to NA, soccer players with IA show a forward shifting of the center of pressure which indicates a compensatory mechanism of the foot during walking.
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NewsBot · Jul 23, 2015

Boot-insole effects on comfort and plantar loading at the heel and fifth metatarsal during running and turning in soccer.
Nunns MP, Dixon SJ, Clarke J, Carré M.
J Sports Sci. 2015 Jul 22:1-8

Plantar loading may influence comfort, performance and injury risk in soccer boots. This study investigated the effect of cleat configuration and insole cushioning levels on perception of comfort and in-shoe plantar pressures at the heel and fifth metatarsal head region. Nine soccer academy players (age 15.7 ± 1.6 years; height 1.80 ± 0.40 m; body mass 71.9 ± 6.1 kg) took part in the study. Two boot models (8 and 6 cleats) and two insoles (Poron and Poron/gel) provided four footwear combinations assessed using pressure insoles during running and 180° turning. Mechanical and comfort perception tests differentiated boot and insole conditions. During biomechanical testing, the Poron insole generally provided lower peak pressures than the Poron/gel insole, particularly during the braking step of the turn. The boot model did not independently influence peak pressures at the fifth metatarsal, and had minimal influence on heel loads. Specific boot-insole combinations performed differently (P < 0.05). The 8-cleat boot and the Poron insole performed best biomechanically and perceptually, but the combined condition did not. Inclusion of kinematic data and improved control of the turning technique are recommended to strengthen future research. The mechanical, perception and biomechanical results highlight the need for a multi-faceted approach in the assessment of footwear.
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NewsBot · Mar 20, 2016

The influence of shock-pad density and footwear cushioning on heel impact and forefoot loading during running and turning movements
Daniel C., Sharon J. Dixon
International Journal of Surface Science and Engineering ; Volume 10, Issue 1

This investigation explored how shock-pad density and footwear cushioning influences soccer players' biomechanics. Ten participants (20.9 ? 2.5 yrs, 83.2 ? 7.1 kg, UK footwear size 10-11) wore three footwear cushioning conditions (soccer boot, soccer boot with cushioning insole and soccer boot with heel insert). Each footwear condition was tested on two shock-pad densities (55 g/litre and 65 g/litre) beneath a third generation carpet. For each footwear-shock-pad combination, eight running trials (3.81 m/s) and eight turning trials (consistent self-selected speeds) were collected. Pressure insole data were collected to provide a measure of player loading at impact and propulsion. Repeated measures ANOVAs demonstrated no main effects of footwear. The greater surface density did however, significantly increase (p < 0.05) measurements associated with loading during running (first metatarsal peak pressure) and turning (peak impact force, lateral heel and first metatarsal peak pressure). These findings suggest that shock-pad density is important in the regulation of player loading.
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NewsBot · Jun 10, 2016

Soccer shoe bending stiffness significantly alters game-specific physiology in a 25-minute continuous field-based protocol
Jordyn Vienneau et al
Footwear Science; in press

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of soccer shoes with differing bending stiffness on physiological and performance variables in a game-like situation. A sample of 13 male soccer players was recruited to complete this study. Three soccer shoes with different forefoot bending stiffness (low, medium, high) were compared using a continuous field-based work protocol (the Soccer-25). Participants performed the Soccer-25 while the physiological (rate of oxygen consumption, heart rate, ventilation, and rate of energy expenditure) and performance variables (drill completion times) were recorded. The Soccer-25 consists of seven phases, Drills 1–3 and Shuttle Runs 1–4. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine whether there were any significant effects for soccer shoe condition for each of the physiological and performance variables. The medium-stiffness shoe was significantly lower than the high-stiffness shoe for a number of physiological variables, including global oxygen consumption (p = 0.044), heart rate during Drills 2 (p = 0.043), ventilation during Shuttle Run 4 (p = 0.016), global energy expenditure (p = 0.043), and rate of energy expenditure during Drills 1 (p = 0.044). The low stiffness shoe was not significantly different from the medium- or high-stiffness shoes. No significant differences were found for any of the performance variables. Soccer shoe forefoot bending stiffness significantly affects the physiological variables in a game-like situation
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NewsBot · Jul 12, 2016

Can subjective comfort be used as a measure of plantar pressure in football boots
Okholm Kryger K et al
J Sports Sci. 2016 Jul 11:1-7

Comfort has been shown to be the most desired football boot feature by players. Previous studies have shown discomfort to be related to increased plantar pressures for running shoes which, in some foot regions, has been suggested to be a causative factor in overuse injuries. This study examined the correlation between subjective comfort data and objective plantar pressure for football boots during football-specific drills. Eight male university football players were tested. Plantar pressure data were collected during four football-specific movements for each of three different football boots. The global and local peak pressures based on a nine-sectioned foot map were compared to subjective comfort measures recorded using a visual analogue scale for global discomfort and a discomfort foot map for local discomfort. A weak (rs = -0.126) yet significant (P < 0.05) correlation was shown between the peak plantar pressure experienced and the visual analogue scale rated comfort. The model only significantly predicted (P > 0.001) the outcome for two (medial and lateral forefoot) of the nine foot regions. Subjective comfort data is therefore not a reliable measure of increased plantar pressures for any foot region. The use of plantar pressure measures is therefore needed to optimise injury prevention when designing studded footwear.
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NewsBot · Oct 25, 2016

Plantar pressure asymmetry and risk of stress injuries in the foot of young soccer players
Renato Azevedo, Emmanuel S. da Rocha, Pedro S. Franco, Felipe P. Carpes
Phys Ther Sport; Article in Press

Highlights
•Young soccer players present asymmetric plantar pressure.
•Greater plantar pressure is observed in non-preferred foot of young soccer players.
•Young soccer players might be at higher risk of stress injury in the foot.
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Background
Asymmetries in the magnitude of plantar pressure are considered a risk factor for stress fracture of the fifth metatarsal in soccer athletes.

Objective
To investigate the presence of plantar pressure asymmetries among young soccer athletes.

Design
Observational.

Setting
Laboratory.

Participants
Thirty young adolescents divided into a soccer player group (n = 15) or a matched control group (n = 15).

Main outcome measures
Mean plantar pressure was determined for seven different regions of the foot. Data were compared between the preferred and non-preferred foot, and between the groups, during barefoot standing on a pressure mat system.

Results
Higher pressure was found in the hallux, 5th metatarsal and medial rearfoot of the non-preferred foot in the young soccer players. These asymmetries were not observed in the control group. Magnitudes of plantar pressure did not differ between the groups.

Conclusion
Young soccer players present asymmetries in plantar pressure in the hallux, 5th metatarsal and medial rearfoot, with higher pressure observed in the non-preferred foot.
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NewsBot · Feb 3, 2017

The influence of football shoe characteristics on athletic performance and injury risk – a review
Daniel Joachim Kulessa, Albert Gollhofer & Dominic Gehring
Footwear Science Pages 1-15 | Received 21 Oct 2016, Accepted 16 Jan 2017, Published online: 03 Feb 2017

Background: Footwear is the most relevant tool of a footballer's gear and has to cope with the individual sport-specific demands of the athlete. The challenge in the development of a football shoe is to fine-tune its functional parameters to meet criteria of injury prevention and performance enhancement. There exists a contradiction between those two set-targets that needs to be addressed.

Objective: The objective of the review is to provide a literature survey about the scientific knowledge on how football shoe characteristics influence performance and injury risk. Almost 100 scientific publications are included in a qualitative synthesis.

Results: The outsole configuration and its influence on traction can be regarded as the most studied functional shoe parameter and has been scientifically proven to affect the player's performance in translational locomotion and the injury risk in rotational movements. The second main aspect consists of the interaction between shoe and ball, which can be divided into the influence of shoe construction on kicking velocity, accuracy and ball control. Footwear properties, such as bending and torsional stiffness, cushioning and comfort, have barely been studied, if at all.

Conclusion: The present literature survey shows a substantial influence of football footwear on the athlete. Currently available literature suggests that outsole design influences shoe–surface interaction, which has implications regarding performance and injury risk. Additionally, shoe upper seems to play a crucial role with regard to the performance in ball interactions. However, further research is needed on shoe–foot interactions and on footwear requirements for female, adolescent and indoor players.
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NewsBot · Feb 3, 2017

The Athletic Shoe in Football.
Jastifer J et al
Sports Health. 2017 Feb 1

BACKGROUND:
Foot and ankle injuries are common in sports, particularly in cleated athletes. Traditionally, the athletic shoe has not been regarded as a piece of protective equipment but rather as a part of the uniform, with a primary focus on performance and subjective feedback measures of comfort. Changes in turf and shoe design have poorly understood implications on the health and safety of players.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION:
A literature search of the MEDLINE and PubMed databases was conducted. Keywords included athletic shoewear, cleated shoe, football shoes, and shoewear, and search parameters were between the years 2000 and 2016.
STUDY DESIGN:
Clinical review.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Level 5.
RESULTS:
The athletic shoe is an important piece of protective sports equipment. There are several important structural considerations of shoe design, including biomechanical compliance, cleat and turf interaction, and shoe sizing/fit, that affect the way an athlete engages with the playing surface and carry important potential implications regarding player safety if not understood and addressed.
CONCLUSION:
Athletic footwear should be considered an integral piece of protective equipment rather than simply an extension of the uniform apparel. More research is needed to define optimal shoe sizing, the effect that design has on mechanical load, and how cleat properties, including pattern and structure, interact with the variety of playing surfaces.
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NewsBot · May 2, 2017

Different soccer stud configurations effect on running and cutting movements
Dong Sun et al
International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Volume 24, Issue 1

The purpose of this study was to test for differences in performance and injury risks between three different outsole configuration soccer shoes on natural turf. A total of 14 experienced soccer players participated in the tests. Participants were asked to complete tasks of straight-ahead running and 45° left sidestep cutting respectively at the speed of 5.0±0.2 m/s on natural turf. They selected soccer shoes with firm ground design (FG), artificial ground design (AG) and turf cleats (TF) randomly. During 45° cut, FG showed significantly smaller peak knee flexion and greater abduction angles than TF. FG showed significant greater peak horizontal ground reaction force (GRF) and average required traction ratio compared with AG and TF. FG may offer a performance benefit on artificial turf compared to AG and TF on natural turf. However, increased knee valgus angle and decreased knee flexion angle of FG may increase knee loading and risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Higher vertical average loading rate and excessive plantar pressure of FG may also resulted in calluses observed in plantar skin, forefoot pain or even metatarsal stress fracture. In summary, FG would enhance athletic performance on natural turf, but also may undertake higher risks of non-contact injuries compared with AG and TF.
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NewsBot · Jun 29, 2017

A Pilot Study of the Effect of Outsole Hardness on Lower Limb
Kinematics and Kinetics during Soccer Related Movements
Dong Sun et al
Journal of Human Kinetics volume 57/2017, 17-27

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different outsole hardness of turf cleats shoes on the
lower limb kinematics and kinetics of soccer players playing on artificial turf. The participants were required to
complete tasks of straight running and 45° left sidestep cutting movements, respectively, at the speed of 4.5 ± 0.2 m/s
on artificial turf. They were asked to randomly select turf cleats shoes with a soft outsole (SO), medium hardness
outsole (MO) and hard outsole (HO). During the stance phase of straight running, peak pressure and force-time
integral in medial forefoot (MFF) of players wearing cleats shoes with MO were significantly higher than those wearing
cleats shoes with SO. During the stance phase of a 45° cutting maneuver, players wearing cleats shoes with SO showed
significantly higher peak knee flexion and abduction angles than the HO group. Players wearing cleats shoes with SO
also showed higher ankle dorsiflexion and inversion angles compared with those wearing cleats shoes with HO. The
vertical average loading rate (VALR) as well as peak pressure and force-time integral in the heel (H) and lateral forefoot
(LFF) regions of players wearing cleats shoes with HO were significantly higher than those wearing shoes with SO. On
the contrary, peak pressure and force-time integral of players wearing shoes with SO were significantly higher than
those wearing shoes with HO in MFF. A higher vertical loading rate and plantar pressure of some areas may increase
the potential risk of metatarsal stress fractures and plantar fasciitis. Therefore, this finding about turf cleats shoes could
give some theoretic support for the design of turf cleats shoes and material optimization in the future.
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NewsBot · Dec 5, 2018

The effects of midsole bending stiffness on ball speed during maximum effort soccer kicks
Sasa Cigoja Jordyn Vienneau, Sandro R. Nigg & Benno M. Nigg
Footwear Science: 04 Dec 2018

The soccer kick is the most prominent movement in soccer. Kicking performance depends on two major factors: kicking accuracy and ball speed. During the soccer kick, momentum is transferred from the foot/cleat to the ball. This interplay between the foot/cleat and the ball can be modelled as a mixture of ‘impulse-like’ and ‘throwing-like’ components. While kicking the ball, the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint and the cleat experience deformation. This deformation can be reduced by increasing the bending stiffness of the cleat’s midsole. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate experimentally the influence of midsole bending stiffness on ball speed during maximum effort soccer kicks. Twenty male subjects (mean ± SD; age: 29.5 ± 5.6 years, height: 175.5 ± 6.4 cm, mass: 74.3 ± 8.4 kg) performed six maximum effort soccer kicks in five stiffness conditions. Kinematic data were collected using an optical motion capture system consisting of eight high-speed cameras, and ball speed was recorded using a radar gun. There was no significant difference in the average ball speed between the five stiffness conditions when all subjects were pooled. Further, there was no significant difference in the change of the MTP joint angle from before ball contact to after ball contact between the stiffness configurations. Thirteen (of the 20) subjects showed the highest ball speed in the two stiffest cleats. The differences between the best and the worst performing stiffness configurations across all subjects ranged from 2.2 km/h to 9.2 km/h. The optimal stiffness condition that resulted in highest ball speed was subject specific, and therefore soccer cleats need to be tuned to individual players.
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NewsBot · Feb 14, 2019

Plantar pressures in male adolescent soccer players and its associations with bone geometry and strength.
Lozano-Berges G et al
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2019 Feb 12

BACKGROUND:
Mechanical loads exerted by soccer-specific actions increase bone remodeling activity. Nevertheless, little is known about the relationship between plantar pressure and bone structure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare bone geometry and strength between soccer players who exhibited different maximum values of the average pressures (MP) when performing a combination of soccer-specific tasks.

METHODS:
Forty male adolescent soccer players (mean age 13.20.5 y) and 13 controls (mean age 13.10.9 y) participated in this study. Biofoot system was used to measure MP at the non-dominant foot during a circuit of soccer-specific tasks. Cluster analysis was performed to classify players into groups of similar MP profiles resulting two different groups as follows: 15 players with high MP (SOC-HP; mean MP: 392.768.2 kPa) and 25 with low MP (SOC-LP; mean MP: 261.049.6 kPa). Total and cortical volumetric bone mineral content (Tt.BMC/Ct.BMC), cross-sectional area (Tt.Ar/Ct.Ar), cortical thickness (Ct.Th), fracture load in X-axis, and polar strength index (SSIp) were measured at 38% of the non-dominant tibia by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Bone geometry and strength comparisons between SOC-HP and SOC-LP were performed using analyses of covariance controlling by weight and tibia length.

RESULTS:
Greater Tt.BMC, Ct.BMC and Tt.Ar. were found in SOC-HP compared to CG (Tt.BMC: 3.22vs2.95 g, Ct.BMC: 2.95vs2.68 g, Ct.Ar: 280vs253 mm2; p<.05). Nevertheless, no significant bone geometry and strength differences were found between soccer groups and between SOC-LP and CG (p>.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Developing high MP when training and playing soccer might be favourable to bone development.
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NewsBot · Apr 26, 2020

A cross-sectional study on foot loading patterns in elite soccer players of different ages.
Hotfiel T et al
J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2020 Apr 7

BACKGROUND:
Alterations in plantar loading patterns are risk factors for stress injuries of the lower limb, particularly of the foot and ankle. Epidemiological studies have revealed a higher incidence of soccer-related stress fractures of the fifth metatarsal (MT V) in younger athletes than in their adult counterparts.

OBJECTIVE:
The aim of the present study was to assess the plantar pressure distributions of members of four high-level soccer teams of different age groups to identify age-related differences in loading patterns.

METHODS:
A total of 65 elite soccer players were included in the study. Data were computed with sensor-loaded insoles (pedar® X system, novel Inc., Munich, Germany) while the players ran in soccer shoes. Plantar pressures for nine defined regions on the preferred and nonpreferred foot were analyzed.

RESULTS:
The participants consisted of 17 elite male soccer professionals from the first national league (mean 23 years, height 184 cm, weight 81 kg), 14 players from the under-21 squad (U21, 20 years, 180 cm, 75 kg), 15 players from the U17 squad (16 years, 176 cm, 69 kg) and 19 players from the U16 squad (15 years, 179 cm, 70 kg). We detected statistically significantly elevated peak pressures on the lateral aspects of the nonpreferred foot compared with the preferred foot in the U16 and U17 players, corresponding to a relative increase by 29% (p= 0.044) in the lateral midfoot, a relative increase by 24% (p= 0.031) in MT heads 4-5 in the U16 players and a difference of 18% (p= 0.049) in the lateral midfoot in the U17 players. In contrast, the U21 and adult professional players displayed symmetric plantar pressure distributions in all foot regions.

CONCLUSIONS:
In contrast to adult elite soccer players, adolescents demonstrate asymmetric foot loading patterns with increased peak loads in the lateral aspects of the nonpreferred foot. Our results may provide some explanation for MT V stress fractures that occur in elite adolescents
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NewsBot · Jul 18, 2020

Plantar loading in the youth soccer player during common soccer movements and risk for foot injury
Renato R Azevedo et al
Injury: June 12, 2020

Highlights
•Young soccer players show high plantar pressure in the forefoot.
•Fifith metatarsal of youth players experiences higher pressure during soccer.
•Footwear can be manipulated to reduce pressure in the youth players.
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Introduction
Soccer players are at high risk of stress injuries in the foot. While most research addresses this issue in professional athletes, there is little information concerning young athletes. As soccer is practiced around the world since early infancy, we set out to determine whether young soccer athletes are susceptible to increased foot loading that increase risk factors for foot injuries in a similar manner as reported by the literature to the adult athlete.
Methods
twenty-six male adolescents (mean age 16 years old) were organized into two groups: soccer players ( n = 13) and controls ( n = 13). Groups were compared regarding foot sensitivity, ankle range of motion, Q-angle, and plantar pressure determined during running and cutting movements performed at maximal speed and using different shoes.
Results
Foot sensitivity, ankle range of motion and Q-angle did not differ between the groups. During performance of soccer actions, young players showed higher peak pressure in the lateral region of the foot including the fifth metatarsal region. These higher peaks were minimized by manipulation of the footwear.
Conclusion
In summary, young soccer athletes show dynamic plantar pressure patterns that are related to foot injury in the adult athlete, and this condition can be minimized by the manipulation of the footwear. Additional attention should be paid to the young athlete in soccer aiming to minimize long-term risk for stress injuries in the foot.
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NewsBot · Jul 30, 2020

A systematic review of plantar pressure values obtained from male and female football and the test methodologies applied
Elham Husain , Manuela Angioi , Ritan Mehta , David Nicholas Barnett & Katrine Okholm Kryger
Footwear Science : 20 Jul 2020

Football players are at risk of overuse injuries, discomfort and decreased performance due to the boot design and repetitive plantar loading of the sport. However, there is no agreement of normative values for plantar pressure in football or how these should be assessed. Therefore, the aims of this study were to systematically review plantar pressures obtained for male and female adult football players and the methodology applied in the literature. PubMed [MEDLINE], EmBase, Scopus and Web of Science were searched from inception to 19/11/2018 using key terms related to football, plantar, foot and pressure. Two independent reviewers reviewed each paper. Quality of included studies was assessed using The NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-sectional studies. Fourteen studies were included, 10 looking at male players, and 4 at both male and female players. Out of the 14 studies, 2 were poor quality, 7 were fair quality and 5 were good quality. Heterogeneity was seen in test setup, assessment method and information provided on external impacting factors. The forefoot region most commonly resulted in the highest pressure in both male and female players, with the highest reported forefoot pressure occurring during side cut in both male (653 ± 131 kPa) and female (492 ± 86 kPa) players. Common pressures for males and females subdivided by movement was summarized. Yet, the heterogeneity in methodology and low number of studies decrease the strength of the data. Therefore, suggestions have been made for future research to improve evidence, and for application of standardized test protocols.
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NewsBot · May 3, 2021

Distribution of Plantar Pressure in Soccer Players
Arletta Hawrylak et al
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 Apr 15;18(8):4173

(1) Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in the static and dynamic distribution of foot pressure on the ground and to investigate the relationships between body mass index (BMI) and mean variables of plantar pressure between soccer players and their non-athlete peers. (2) Methods: The study involved 18 first-division Polish soccer players and 30 non-athlete physiotherapy students. The research experiment was conducted using the FreeMed platform. Basic descriptive statistics were calculated to summarize the variables. Additionally, in the static and dynamic tests, Spearman's rank correlations between body mass index (BMI) and plantar load were calculated. (3) Results: Statistically significant differences between groups were observed in the loading of the dominant limb. A statistically significant correlation between BMI and loading of both limbs was found in the static test and between BMI and loading of the dominant limb in the dynamic test. (4) Conclusions: The baropodometric mat used in our study helped determine the plantar pressure distribution of soccer players and their non-athlete peers. Correlation analysis revealed that BMI was only associated with the mean plantar pressure of the dominant limb in the control group. Further research on a larger group of athletes is needed to determine how much sporting activity may affect the development to modifications within feet in soccer players.
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NewsBot · Dec 8, 2021

Soccer shoe recommendation system based on multitechnology integration for digital transformation
Yu-ChiLeeWeiHan
Advanced Engineering Informatics; Volume 51, January 2022, 101457

Designing a soccer shoe that fits specific customer’s requirements can improve satisfaction. However, there is no sufficient information to bridge the semantic needs and design characteristics of soccer shoes. Hence, this study is aimed at integrating multiple technologies with semantic customer requirements, shoe-form categories, and appearance designs, and developing a practical Kansei soccer shoe recommendation system. The psychological responses of a customer and perceptions of soccer shoe products are evaluated using Kansei engineering method. Based on a factor analysis, customers’ requirements are classified as aesthetic, functional, and comfortable. A total of 203 soccer shoe images were used to evaluate and categorise the external shoe form into nine design elements using the Kawakida Jirou method, and the weight assigned to each shoe-form category under Kansei semantic adjectives was determined using grey system theory. The quantification theory Type 1 method was used to determine the priority of the design elements. The results indicate that 10 pairs of semantic adjectives used by customers are related to soccer shoe forms. Furthermore, the design priority of each design element of the form category under the three types is reported. A soccer shoe recommendation system that can generate suggested soccer shoe samples for customers is developed by integrating the above-mentioned technologies. A validation experiment was conducted to verify the feasibility of the proposed system. The overall satisfaction of the recommended samples generated via the system is 87.08%, as reported by 80 participants. The findings prove that a new soccer shoe business model can be launched using the proposed system, linking the semantic customer requirements to the soccer shoe-form categories.
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NewsBot · Mar 7, 2022

The influence of soccer shoes on plantar distribution in young players in a static condition. A pilot study
Giuseppe Messina et al
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2022 Mar 1

Background: Injuries are a serious problem in soccer for the player but also for the society. It has been noted most of the injuries occurs during non-contact situations and, the soccer shoes have an important role. Unfortunately, few studies investigated the plantar distribution, argument that could help to deeply understand the causes behind the injuries. The objective was to evaluate the influence of the soccer shoes on plantar distribution in young players in a static condition.

Methods: Young soccer players (range 11-18) were recruited and performed two tests on a baropodometric platform, one barefoot and one with technical soccer shoes. A student's t-test was performed to evaluate the differences between the conditions.

Results: Significative results were between the left plantar surface (p<0.05) and in the total surface anterior (p<0.05) with and without the soccer shoe. Related to the pressure values, soccer shoes resulted higher than barefoot condition. Significativity has been found also between the forefoot and the rearfoot in the left foot, in barefoot condition (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Soccer shoes generally produce a reduction in the contact plantar surface, especially in the anterior zone and the foot load is higher in the forefoot zone.
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NewsBot · Jan 5, 2023

The Influence of Stud Characteristics of Football Boots Regarding Player Injuries
Alejandro Castillo-Domínguez, Marcelino Torrontegui-Duarte, Joaquín Páez-Moguer, Álvaro Gómez-del-Pino, Pablo Cervera-Garvi (pcervera@uma.es), Elena Mainer-Pardos, Demetrio Lozano and Jerónimo García-Romero
IJERPH, 2022, vol. 20, issue 1, 1-8

Background: the main aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between sole pattern parameters of football boots with the frequency of injuries that occur in semiprofessional and amateur footballers. Methods: The study sample was composed of 77 male football players. All were at least 18 years old, played at least 10 h per week, gave signed informed consent to take part and properly completed the Visual Analogue Scale. This study analysed data from each player’s medical history, including age, injuries, years of practice, field type and surface condition information. Results: The visual analogic score in semiprofessional players was higher (2.05 ± 2.43) than in amateur players (1.00 ± 1.1). A total of 141 lesions were collected, equivalent to 1.81 injuries for each football player studied ( n = 77). The result of the ROC curve indicated that the player’s years of practice could predict significantly ( p < 0.05) the presence of lower limb injuries, with an area under the curve of 0.714. Conclusions: This study described the predictive capacity of sole pattern characteristics concerning lower limb injuries in amateur and semiprofessional footballers. Football boot variables associated with the number of studs were associated with foot and ankle overload injuries.
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NewsBot · Jul 19, 2023

The elite male amateur football medical staff’s perception of the current football boots market—a survey-based study of UK academies
Caoimhe Hoey et al
Footwear Science: 13 Jun 2023

The premium football boot is commonly only designed, tested, and manufactured for adult male players. Footwear worn by academy players is therefore not designed with growing athletes in focus. The study objective was therefore to assess the medical staffs’ perception of football boot fit and their interactions with player’s football boots. Medical staff from academy male players from elite category 1 and 2 football academies in the United Kingdom (UK) were surveyed using an validated online survey. Descriptive analysis and thematic analysis of the open ended question were conducted. A total of 49 responses were received of which five responses were removed as they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Only one responder reported no complications with football boots for their academy players. The most reported area of concern in relation to players complain of pain/discomfort and/or fit in their football boots was the heel region (76%). Common concerns included blisters/corns/rubbing, sizing issues, adaptation issues with frequent change of boots, and players prioritizing aesthetics over fit and comfort. Education of players was also desired. The findings of this study highlight the desire for tailored footwear education and assessment programmes. The study also highlighted key concerns about injuries, fit, and performance not currently supported by research.
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