Changes in running kinematics and kinetics in response to a rockered shoe intervention.
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Boyer KA, Andriacchi TP.
Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2009 Sep 8. [Epub ahead of print]
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Threads tagged with MBT Shoes and Masai barefoot technology -
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My experience and initial evaluation of the MBT shoe as both a training tool and a running shoe are quite promising. However, I do not agree with most of the literature available espousing that MBT shoes create instability. Contrary to that, I believe MBT shoes to enhance overall stability as the rocker bottom sole acts in symphony to engage the postural muscles to stabilize the user's interaction with hard surfaces. This action of maintaining balance does solicit postural muscle activity to a greater degree than the normal flat surface running shoe. Thus hip, knee, foot and ankle stabilizers are all exercised to a greater degree facilitating a fast return from injury and perhaps lessening chances of future injury.
MBT shoes are self-righting in both a sagittal and coronal planes. In other words, they help to maintain balance from front to back and side to side.
I intend to write a more complete evaluation of the value of MBT Shoes for Training to Return from injury and as an everyday best running shoe. Look for that in my blog in the near future -
Biomechanics of slow running and walking with a rocker shoe
Sobhan Sobhani, Juha Hijmans, Edwin van den Heuvel, Johannes Zwerver, Rienk Dekker, Klaas Postema
Gait & Posture; Article in Press
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Effect of Rocker Shoes on Plantar Pressure Pattern in Healthy Female Runners
Sobhan Sobhania,Edwin van den Heuvel, Steef Bredeweg, Bas Kluitenberg, Klaas Postema, Juha Hijmans, Rienk Dekker
Gait & Posture; Available online 9 December 2013
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Hi all,
I'm a Podiatry student in Australia and also a part time sales consultant at MBT Footwear. We never advise customers to run in any MBT shoes as they are very likely to fall from the instability of the shoes. The shoes are designed with minor instability so that people can constantly adjust their body hence an improvement in posture, balance and muscle strength in particular in the lower limbs and lower back muscles. MBT shoes are designed for walking and standing but never for running. They are very popular with people in jobs where they are moving a lot such as nurses, child care workers, and people that work in retail. MBT shoes make a huge difference to their feet at the end of the day. If you are running in these shoes I urgently advise you to stop as you will likely to fall one day and hurt yourself. -
I thought MBT went out of business a few years ago. Who is now making MBTs?
http://www.shoepedia.us/2012/06/last-month-mbt-wobbles-falls-into.html -
MBT is alive and kicking in Australia and Asia where it is extremely popular amongst the elderly.
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If you are referring to paper above from our group (Sobhani et al.), we have not used MBT shoes. As far as I know MBT shoes have heel to toe rocker (double rocker). Our shoes had only toe rocker so more stable than double rocker shoes. Nobody complained about instability and nobody fell, neither on treadmill nor overground!
We are doing more research on this type of shoes for running activities as they might have potentials in the treatment of Achilles tendinopathy.
All the best
Sobhan -
I think you have this backwards, they will cause increased tension in the Achilles and increased Gastrocnemius/Soleus contraction from midstance through toe-off of the gait cycle.
A lift during treatment would do the opposite for Achilles tendinitis. Much the same for Posterior Tibial Tendinitis, we never use a rocker sole for either. -
Why more tension? Why more contraction of Triceps? Please explain from a biomechanical point of view. -
Hi sobhani_sobhan,
Exactly what rocker shoe did you use in your study? I'm glad to hear you didn't use MBT shoes. One question, I don't quite understand the difference between a double rocker and a single rocker shoe. MBT shoes have a soft sensor around the heel to arch area to trigger the rocking motion. The degree of rocking depends on the design of the shoe and how curved the sole is. MBT shoes have 4 levels of rocking (instability). -
Eric -
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After forefoot loading you usually see a gradual anterior progression of the center of pressure line in most gait. This is caused by gradually increasing tension in the Achilles tendon whitch is initially from muscle contraction.
The resistance to ankle plantar flexion is dependent upon the lever arm of ground reaction force to cause a dorsiflexion moment. (Think: try to plantar flex your ankle in swim fins). The rocker tip shortens the lever arm of ground reaction force. So, a smaller plantar flexion moment from the Achilles tendon will produce ankle joint plantar flexion. Ankle power = moment x angular velocity. The reduction in moment is probably what is responsible for the reduction in power. So, the study is saying that you don't get as much "propulsion" with the rocker shoe.
Eric -
future_pod said: ↑Hi sobhani_sobhan,
Exactly what rocker shoe did you use in your study? I'm glad to hear you didn't use MBT shoes. One question, I don't quite understand the difference between a double rocker and a single rocker shoe. MBT shoes have a soft sensor around the heel to arch area to trigger the rocking motion. The degree of rocking depends on the design of the shoe and how curved the sole is. MBT shoes have 4 levels of rocking (instability).Click to expand...
We have made our own rocker shoes by modifiying a standard shoes with a rocker profile (with apex poitioned proximal to the MTP region). It is called proximally placed rocker. I am not familiar with all levels of rocking as you stated. However, the majority of MBT shoes that I have seen, have a heel-toe round sole meaning a rocker at the heel region and one at the forefoot. Our rocker shoe did not have a rounded heel so more stable than shoes with a double rocker.
You can search my name in resaerchgate to see the publication(s).
Cheers -
efuller said: ↑David, I don's see how it would increase tension in the Achilles. The resistance to ankle plantar flexion is related to the lever arm of ground reaction force. A shoe with an anterior rocker will shorten the lever arm of ground reaction force at the ankle joint.
EricClick to expand... -
Maybe it is better to change the title of this thread to "running with rocker bottom shoes" to avoid confucion for the readers
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Efect of unstable shoes on lower extremity joint power during stance
phase of runing
Amin Gandomkar, Mansour Eslami, Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Seyed Esmaeil Hoseini nejad, Vahid Jahedi
1393 مهر ،124 شماره ،21 دوره رازي پزشکی مجلهعلوم
Background: Nowadays, unstable shoes have ben developed in motor activites among
people. The purpose of this study was to test the efect of unstable shoes on lower extremity
joints power during stance phase of runing.
Methods: In this semi experimental study, 30 subjects (age of 21±2.27 years, mas of
72.3±8.84 kg, height of 176.9±5.39 cm) ran in barefot, unstable and control shoe conditons.
Kinematic and kinetic variables were recorded with video camera and force plate. Joint
power was calculated via dot product of the joint’s moment and angular velocity of the joint.
A 2 way repeated measure variances performed to test the hypothesis using SPS software
(version 20, p<0.05).
Results: Ankle joint negative power was reduced significantly during unstable shoe runing
compared to control shoe (p=0.02, 49%) and barefot conditons (p=0.02, 35%). However
there were no significant diference betwen shoes in hip joint. Negative power in kne joint
was increased significantly in runing with unstable shoe compared to hip (65%) and ankle
joints (242%).
Conclusion: Our findings showed that use of unstable shoes may lead to decrease in
controling capacity of shank muscles and active stabilty in ankle joint. Unstable shoe with
increase of ankle positve power compared to barefot runing, could improve the produced
force capacity in quadriceps group muscles.Click to expand... -
Rocker shoes reduce Achilles tendon load in running and walking in patients with chronic Achilles tendinopathy
Sobhan Sobhani, Johannes Zwerver, Edwin van den Heuvel, Klaas Postema, Rienk Dekker, Juha M. Hijmans
JSMS March 2015Volume 18, Issue 2, Pages 133–138
Objectives
Relative rest and pain relief play an important role in the management of Achilles tendinopathy, and might be achieved by reducing the load on the Achilles tendon. Previous studies have provided evidence that rocker shoes are able to decrease the ankle internal plantar flexion moment in healthy runners during walking and running. Since plantar flexion moment is related to the Achilles tendon loading, rocker shoes might be considered in the conservative management of Achilles tendinopathy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanics of running and walking in a group of patients with Achilles tendinopathy wearing standard shoes versus rocker shoes.
Design
Cross-over.
Methods
Thirteen Achilles tendinopathy patients (mean age 48 ± 14.5 years) underwent three-dimensional gait analysis wearing standard running shoes and rocker shoes during running and walking. Surface electromyography of triceps surae and tibialis anterior was recorded simultaneously.
Results
Patients had symptoms for an average of 22.5 months (median 11.5 months) and VISA-A scores were 54 ± 16. With the rocker shoes, the peak plantar flexion moment was reduced by 13% in both running (0.28 N m/kg, p < 0.001) and walking (0.20 N m/kg, p < 0.001). The peak activity of tibialis anterior was increased by 35% (p = 0.015) for the rocker shoes in walking. There was no difference between electromyography peak amplitudes of triceps surae between two shoe sessions in both activities.
Conclusions
When used by patients with chronic Achilles tendinopathy, rocker shoes cause a significant reduction in plantar flexion moment in the late stance phase of running and walking without substantial adaptations in triceps surae muscular activity.Click to expand... -
Prolonged Running Using Bionic Footwear Influences Lower
Limb Biomechanics
Xinyan Jiang et al
Healthcare 2021, 9, 236.
The running biomechanics of unstable shoes have been well investigated, however, little
is known about how traditional neutral shoes in combination with unstable design elements and
scientifically (bionic) designed shoes influence prolonged running biomechanics. The purpose of this
study was to investigate biomechanical changes for a typical 5 km run and how footwear technology
may affect outcomes. Sixteen healthy male recreational heel strike runners participated in this study,
and completed two prolonged running sessions (neutral shoe session and bionic shoe session), with
7 to 10 days interval between sessions. A two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA,
shoe × time) was conducted to determine any differences in joint biomechanics. Main effects for
shoe type were observed at the ankle, knee and hip joints during the stance phase. In particular,
decreased range of motion (ROM) was observed using the bionic shoes for all three joints, and the
joint moments also had significant changes except for the frontal plane of the hip. Main effects for
time were also observed at the ankle, knee and hip joints. The ROM of the sagittal plane in the
knee and hip decreased post-5 km running. The reduction of ankle dorsiflexion, hip flexion, hip
adduction and hip internal rotation angles were observed post-5 km running, as well as the increase
of ankle eversion and external rotation, knee adduction and internal rotation angles. The kinetics also
exhibited significant differences between pre-5 km running and post-5 km running. The interaction
effects only existed in the ROM of the hip sagittal plane, hip adduction angle and hip internal rotation
angle. The results suggested that bionic shoes could be beneficial for strengthening muscle control,
enhancing postural stability and proprioceptive ability. Footwear personalization could be a solution
that benefits runners, reduces injury risk and improves running performance.Click to expand... -
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Differences in the center of pressure movement during standing with running shoes of different constructions: A cross-sectional study
Yasuhiro Endo, Masashi Miura
Journal of Orthopaedics; Volume 45, November 2023, Pages 43-47
Purpose
This study examined the differences in the center of pressure movement in a one-leg standing position with bare feet, thin-soled shoes, and thick-soled shoes.
Methods
In total, 21 male university students participated in this study. The task involved standing on one leg with the dominant foot for 30 s, and the center of pressure movement was measured using a grab coder (G-620; ANIMA, Tokyo, Japan). Three shoe-wearing states, including bare feet, thin-soled shoes, and thick-soled shoes, with the eyes closed and open in each condition. Statistical analysis was performed, with the significance level set as 5%.
Results
In the multiple comparison results, the anteroposterior (AP) locus length, AP locus length per second, and maximum amplitude in the AP direction were significantly larger with thick-soled shoes than with bare feet in the closed eyes state. The locus length per unit area was significantly smaller with the thick-soled shoes than with the barefoot condition. Other items did not differ significantly between the shoe-wearing states.
Conclusion
Thick-soled shoes caused a greater center of pressure movement in the AP direction in the static one-leg standing position than did the barefoot state. Our findings suggest that the condition with thick-soled shoes was more unstable in static environments.Click to expand...
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