Running kinematics in children with developmental coordination disorder

NewsBot · Dec 26, 2012

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A comparison of running kinematics and kinetics in children with and without developmental coordination disorder
L.C. Chia, M.K. Licari, K.J. Guelfi, S.L. Reid
Gait & Posture; Article in Press

The aim of this study was to compare running gait in children with and without developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Fourteen boys with DCD (9.5±1 yr) and 14 typically developing (TD) controls (9.6±1 yr) ran at a velocity of 2.44±0.25m/s along a 15m track, with kinematic and kinetic data of the trunk and lower limb obtained for three cycles of each limb using a 12-camera Vicon MX system and AMTI force plate. Although features of the kinematic and kinetic trajectories were similar between groups, the DCD group displayed decreased peak knee extension compared with the TD group prior to initial foot contact (p=0.016). Furthermore, the DCD group displayed increased variability in sagittal plane kinematics at the hip and ankle during toe off compared with the TD group. Kinetic analysis revealed that children with DCD displayed significantly reduced knee extensor moments during the stance phase of the running cycle (p=0.033). Consequently, peak knee power absorption and ankle power generation was significantly lower in the DCD group (p=0.041; p=0.017). Furthermore, there was a trend for children with DCD to have shorter strides (p=0.052, ES=0.499) and a longer stance period than the TD controls (p=0.06, ES=0.729). These differences may have implications for the economy of running and subsequently the planning of targeted intervention programs to improve running gait in children with DCD.
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Highlights
► First study to examine running kinematics and kinetics in boys with DCD.
► Boys with DCD displayed differences in lower limb kinetics of running.
► Boys with DCD need individualised programs given the variability in running gait.
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Admin2 · Dec 26, 2012

Related thread:
Developmental Coordination Disorder and Joint Hypermobility Syndrome - overlapping disorders?

admin · Oct 21, 2013

“The problem with running”—Comparing the propulsion strategy of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder and typically developing children
Nicola Diamond, Jenny Downs, Susan Morrisemail addressemail address
Gait & Posture; Article in Press

Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) often have difficulties running. This study compared strategies of propulsion and power generation at the ankle during late stance/early swing in both walking and running in children with and without DCD. Eleven children (six male) aged nine to 12 years with DCD were matched by sex and age with 11 typically developing (TD) children. Gait kinematics and kinetics were measured during 4 gait types; normal walking, fast walking, jogging and sprinting using three-dimensional motion analysis. Propulsion strategy during gait was calculated as ankle power divided by the sum of ankle and hip power (A2/A2+H3). The children with DCD ran slower than the TD children (mean difference [MD] when jogging 0.3m/s and sprinting 0.8m/s). Adjusting for speed, those with DCD had smaller propulsion strategy values during jogging (p=0.001) and sprinting (p=0.012), explained by reduced ankle power generation at push off (A2) (jogging, MD 2.5W/kg, p<0.001) and greater hip flexor power generation at pull off (H3) (jogging, MD 0.75W/kg, p=0.013). Similar findings were observed during sprinting. Children with DCD ran with a slow and less efficient running style compared with TD children. Physiotherapy targeting running-specific needs in relation to ankle muscle strength and coordination could enable more participation in running activities.
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NewsBot · Mar 13, 2014

RISK FACTORS FOR SPORT INJURY IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN: ARE CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL COORDINATION DISORDER OR ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER AT GREATER RISK OF INJURY?
B Tan, R Carnduff, C McKay, J Kang, M Romiti, G Nasuti, K Hurtubise, T Jarus, L Boyd, P Doyle-Baker, B Wilson, C Emery
Br J Sports Med 2014;48:663-664 doi:10.1136/bjsports-2014-093494.277
Abstracts from the IOC World Conference on Prevention of Injury & Illness in Sport, Monaco 2014

Background Studies examining risk factors for sport injury in elementary school children are few. The risk of sport injury in special populations including Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has not been previously examined.

Objective To examine risk factors for sport injury in elementary school students (ages 9–12), including special populations (DCD and ADHD).

Design Cross-sectional study.

Setting A survey was sent home with students in 26 randomly selected Calgary (Canada) elementary schools.

Participants Children ages 9–12 years (n=540).

Risk factor assessment The primary risk factors of interest were probable DCD (pDCD) and ADHD. Other risk factors considered included age, sex, ethnicity, highest level of parent education, stressful life events (previous year), receiving coaching in at least 1 sport, and body mass index.

Main outcome measurements Injury definitions included any sport injury in the previous year and sport injury in the previous year requiring medical attention.

Results Based on univariate Poisson regression (adjusted for exposure hours and cluster) the risk of all sport injury in the previous year in typically developing children did not differ from children with either pDCD (n=150, Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR=1.02 [95% CI 0.7–1.5]) or ADHD (n=87, IRR=0.94 [95% CI 0.58–1.55]). Children with ADHD were at a greater risk of sport injury requiring medical attention compared to those without ADHD (IRR: 1.82 [95% CI 1.23–2.68]). No other risk factors were identified based on univariate analysis.

Conclusions Children (9–12 years) with pDCD and ADHD were at a similar risk of sport injury in the previous year as typically developing children. Children with ADHD were at an 82% greater risk of sport injury requiring medical attention than children without the disorder. This study will inform the development of injury prevention strategies for future studies in elementary school targeting children with ADHD.
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NewsBot · Jul 7, 2015

Multisensory integration in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder
R.O.A. Coats, L. Britten, A. Utley, S.L. Astill,
Human Movement Science; Volume 43, October 2015, Pages 15–22

Highlights
•Children with and without DCD react quicker to a bimodal stimulus.
•TDC need less time to decelerate to the target when it emits sound.
•Multisensory integration for movement control is impaired in children with DCD.
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This study examines how multisensory stimuli affect the performance of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) on a choice reaction time (CRT) task. Ten children with DCD, identified using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2, aged 7–10 years (4F, M = 8 y 3 m, SD = 17 m) and 10 typically developing peers (TDC) (5F, M = 8 y 4 m, SD = 17 m) reached to unimodal (auditory (AO), visual (VO)) and bimodal (audiovisual (AV)) stimuli at one of three target locations. A multisensory (AV) stimulus reduced RTs for both groups (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.36). While the children with DCD had a longer RT in all conditions, the AV stimulus produced RTs in children with DCD (494 ms) that were equivalent to those produced by the TDC to the VO stimulus (493 ms). Movement Time (DCD = 486 ms; TDC = 434 ms) and Path Length (DCD = 25.6 cm; TDC = 24.2 cm) were longer in children with DCD compared to TDC as expected (p < 0.05). Only the TDC benefited from the AV information for movement control, as deceleration time of the dominant hand was seen to decrease when moving to an AV stimulus (p < 0.05). Overall, data shows children with DCD do benefit from a bimodal stimulus to plan their movement, but do not for movement control. Further research is required to understand if this is a result of impaired multisensory integration.
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