Standard growth of the foot arch in childhood

NewsBot · Jun 6, 2014

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Standard growth of the foot arch in childhood and adolescence Derived from the measurements results of the 10,155 children
Akeo Wasedaa,Yasunori Sudaa, Suguru Inokuchib, Yuji Nishiwakic, Yoshiaki Toyamaa
Foot and Ankle Surgery; Available online 4 June 2014

Highlights
•Measurements of foot structure were performed on 5,311 boys and 4,844 girls, for a total of 20,310 feet of 10,155 children aged from 6 to 18 years.
•The foot length (FL) and the navicular height (NH) were measured, and the arch height ratio (AHR (%) = NH x 100/FL) was calculated.
•The FL in boys showed an extension from the age of 6 to 14. In girls, the extension was observed from the age of 6 to 13.
•The NH in boys increased from the age of 6 to 13. In girls, the NH increased from the age of 8 to 13.
•The AHR was almost flat until 10 to 11 years old, but elevated in 11 to 13 year old boys and in 10 to 12 year old girls
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Background
The definition of flatfoot remains analytically vague. Toward the purpose of establishing the standard values of the foot length and arch height in childhood and adolescence, large-scale measurement and investigation of the foot arch were conducted using a three-dimensional foot- measuring device.

Methods
Measurements of foot structure were performed on 5,311 boys and 4,844 girls, for a total of 20,310 feet of 10,155 children aged from 6 to 18 years during the 2006 - 2008 year period. The foot length (FL) and the navicular height (NH) were measured, and the arch height ratio (AHR (%) = NH x 100/FL) was calculated.

Results
The FL in boys showed an extension from the age of 6 to 14 and nearly reached a plateau at 14 years old. In girls, the extension was observed from the age of 6 to 13, and the FL came to a plateau at 13 years old. The NH in boys increased from the age of 6 to 13. In girls, the NH increased from the age of 8 to 13. The AHR, presented a normal distribution, and no differences were observed in the distribution for all ages in boys and girls. In boys, the AHR was almost flat until 11 years old, but elevated in the 11 - 13 year age period. In girls, the AHR was almost flat until 10 years old, but elevated in the 10 - 12 year age period.

Conclusions
We are certain that the data demonstrating the normal growth of the foot contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of the failure of the foot to thrive.
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