Flexor hallucis longus tendon branch test

NewsBot · Aug 13, 2019

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Flexor hallucis longus tendon branch test: Development and validation of a new method to assess anatomical variation of the tendinous slip
KentoHirotaaKotaWatanabebYukiSaitocMasakiKatayoseb
Foot and Ankle Surgery; 12 August 2019

Highlights
•We established a method to determine the number of FHL branches clinically and examined validation of such test.
•In the anatomical study, toe flexion angles' changes in FHL pulling condition were equivalent with pulling FDL in toes with FHL branching.
•In the electrophysiological study, electrical stimulation of the FHL produced similar flexion as the FHL branch test.
•The FHL branch test could be used to evaluate the number of FHL branches.
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Background
The flexor hallucis longus (FHL) muscle often has a tendinous slip with a variable number of branches. We aimed at developing the FHL branch test to determine the number of FHL branches.

Methods
In anatomical validation study, 6 intact cadavers were used. The toe flexion angles were measured while the FHL and flexor digitorum longus (FDL) were manually pulled individually. For electrophysiological studies, 4 healthy men participated. The FHL was electrically stimulated, and electromyography (EMG) of the FHL and FDL were recorded during the FHL branch test.

Results
The toe flexion angles' changes in the FHL pulling condition were equivalent with pulling FDL in toes with FHL branching. The electrical stimulation of the FHL produced similar flexion as the FHL branch test. EMG of the FHL was higher than FDL during the FHL branch test (p = 0.036).

Conclusions
The FHL branch test could be used to evaluate the number of FHL branches.
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