Foot Characteristics During Walking in 6-14- Year-Old Children

NewsBot · Jun 14, 2020

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Foot Characteristics During Walking in 6-14- Year-Old Children
Mario Kasović et al
Sci Rep. 2020 Jun 11;10(1):9501

The main purpose of the study was to establish foot characteristics during walking in children. In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 1 284 primary-school students aged 6-14 years (714 boys and 570 girls) randomly selected from five schools in the city of Brno, Czech Republic. Children walked across a pressure platform (EMED-xl; NovelGmbH, Munich, Germany) to collect the data for both left and right foot during three trials. After the procedure, the software generated several foot characteristic variables: (1) force-time integral, (2) pressure-time integral, (3) contact area, (4) contact time, (5) peak pressure and (6) average pressure for the total foot. Curves for the 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th and 95th percentiles were calculated using the Lambda, Mu and Sigma (LMS) Chartmaker software. Our results showed that boys had longer force-time integral, higher contact area and contact time values, and higher peak plantar pressure, while no significant differences in pressure-time integral and average plantar pressure between sexes were observed. Older boys and girls had higher values in all measured variables. Our results provide for the first-time sex- and age-specific foot characteristics during walking in 6-14-year-old children.
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NewsBot · Dec 19, 2021

Variations in gait development: what is normal and when should I be concerned?
ChristineDouglasJonathanWrightBenjaminJacobs
Paediatrics and Child Health; 2 December 2021

Normal healthy children vary in the pattern of their gait development. Deviation from parents’ expectation and comparison with peers may lead to anxiety and medical consultation. It is essential to identify the important pathological diagnoses among the array of normal variants to facilitate early intervention and optimize outcomes.
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NewsBot · Feb 23, 2022

The influence of age and gender on normalized foot arch height of Korean children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study
Kyue-Nam ParkORCID Icon,Eun-Kyung Koh &Do-Young Jung
Footwear Science: 21 Feb 2022

Both the non-normalized and normalized arch height have been used to compare foot arch height among children. This study measured changes in foot dimensions, including length and the non-normalized and normalized arch height, among children and adolescents aged 8–19 years. Three-dimensional scanning data of 1451 children and adolescents were obtained. Four normalized arch height indices were calculated: the navicular height/total foot length, navicular height/instep length, instep height/total foot length and instep height/instep length. The current study found a significant positive relationship between foot length and non-normalized arch height. The normalized arch height increased linearly up to the age of 16 years. The proportion of pes planus also decreased with age. Current findings shed light on normative foot development in children and adolescents.
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NewsBot · Jan 5, 2023

Foot Structure of Girls and Boys in the Final Stage of Early Childhood Taking into Account the Half-Yearly Age Ranges
Ewa Puszczalowska-Lizis and Sabina Lizis
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(1), 629; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010629

The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of foot structure in girls and boys in the final stage of early childhood, taking into account the half-yearly age ranges. The study was carried out among 800 children aged 3. The research tool was the podoscope CQ-ST. The collected research results were analyzed with the use of Student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. Statistically significant sex differences in the length of the right and left foot, the width of the right and left foot and Clarke’s angle of the right and left foot in each of the identified age groups were found. There were statistically significant differences in the length of the right and left foot, the width of the right and left foot, and the Clarke’s angle of the right and left foot were noted separately in girls and boys. Sexual dimorphism in foot length, foot width, and Clarke’s angle occurs in 3-year-old children. In each of the age groups, boys are characterized by longer and wider, and lower arched right and left foot. Characteristic features differentiating children in the 1st and 2nd age group are foot length, foot width and Clarke’s angle. Girls and boys in the 2nd age group have longer and wider, and higher arched right and left feet. This indicates a high dynamic of increases in the value of these features.
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NewsBot · May 18, 2023

Foot plantar pressure and centre of pressure trajectory differ between straight and turning steps in infants
Carina Price et al
Sci Rep. 2023 May 16;13(1):7941

Plantar pressure has been used to understand loading on infant feet as gait develops. Previous literature focused on straight walking, despite turning accounting for 25% of infant self-directed steps. We aimed to compare centre of pressure and plantar pressure in walking steps in different directions in infants. Twenty-five infants who were walking confidently participated in the study (aged 449 ± 71 days, 96 ± 25 days after first steps). Plantar pressure and video were recorded whilst five steps per infant were combined for three step types: straight, turning inwards and outwards. Centre of pressure trajectory components were compared for path length and velocity. Pedobarographic Statistical Parametric Mapping explored differences in peak plantar pressure for the three step types. Significant differences were identified primarily in the forefoot with higher peak pressures in straight steps. Centre of pressure path was longer in the medial-lateral direction during turning (outward 4.6 ± 2.3, inward 6.8 ± 6.1, straight 3.5 ± 1.2 cm, p < .001). Anterior-posterior velocity was higher in straight steps and medial-lateral velocity highest turning inwards. Centre of pressure and plantar pressures differ between straight and turning steps with greatest differences between straight and turning. Findings may be attributed to walking speed or a function of turning experience and should influence future protocols.
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DLM · Apr 2, 2024

I need some feedback on anyone that can shed light on a child that toe walks. My grandson’s Mother has had my grandson in leg braces from the age of 10 years old to the present and he will be 13 years old this July. He no longer toe walks but she refuses to let him stop wearing the braces. Wearing these has greatly affected his self esteem and confidence. He shared with his Dad that his identity has become that of a handicapped child. Can anyone help or give guidance on how to stop this… I see it as abuse as she does not want him to be normal and takes him to umpteen doctors to justify this.

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