Foot orthoses with embedded temperature sensing

NewsBot · Aug 29, 2013

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Personalized foot orthoses with embedded temperature sensing: Proof of concept and relationship with activity.
Telfer S, Munguia J, Pallari J, Dalgarno K, Steultjens M, Woodburn J.
Med Eng Phys. 2013 Aug 24. pii: S1350-4533(13)00172-0. doi: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2013.08.002

Plantar foot surface temperature has been identified as a clinically relevant physiological variable. Embedding sensors in foot orthoses (FOs) may allow long term monitoring of these temperatures, with compliance via the detection of periods of activity being a potential clinical utilization. This study aimed to test novel designs for FOs with embedded sensing that were produced via additive manufacturing and determine if foot temperature measurements could be used to detect periods of increased activity. FOs with embedded temperature sensors were developed and tested in 10 healthy participants over four day wear periods. Activity monitoring was used to estimate energy expenditure during testing. A threshold-based algorithm was developed to identify time periods of high activity from foot temperature data. Group differences in estimated energy expenditure between time periods below and above the threshold were significant in both the training and validation sets (p<0.001). Significant differences were also seen at individual participant level (p<0.001 in all cases). These results demonstrate the feasibility of using FOs with embedded sensing to monitor plantar surface foot temperatures during normal daily activities and for extended periods and show that periods of increased activity can be identified using foot temperature data.
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Admin2 · Aug 29, 2013

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NewsBot · Jun 17, 2014

A Novel Shear-Reduction Insole Effect on Thermal Response to Walking Stress, Balance, and Gait
JAMES WROBEL, PEETHAMBARAN AMMANATH, TIMA LE, CHRISTOPHER LURING, JEFFREY WENSMAN, GURTEJ GREWAL, BIJAN NAJAFI, RODICA POP-BUSUI
Presented at the 74th American Diabetes Association Mtg; San Francisco; June 14-17 2014

The objective was to evaluate a novel shear reducing insole’s (DFO) effect on thermal response to walking, balance, and gait.

Twenty-seven diabetes peripheral neuropathy patients were asked to take 200 steps in both DFO and standard insoles using standard shoes. Thermal foot images were taken following 1) temperature acclimatization, and 2) walking. Sudomotor function was assessed using the Sudoscan. Gait and balance was measured under single and dual task conditions.

After walking in both insole conditions, foot temperatures increased with significant increases observed in standard insoles (SCI) only. The DFO reduced forefoot (64.1%; p=0.008) and mid-foot (45%; p=0.046) temperature increases compared to SCI (Figure 1). There were significant negative correlations with sudomotor function and baseline temperatures (r=(-0.53-0.57); p<0.05). During single task gait, the DFO demonstrated 10.4% less double support time during gait initiation compared to standard insoles (p=0.05). During dual task gait and balance tasks, there were also trends towards improved parameters for DFO. For example, we found a 32% reduced gait variability and 46% decreased postural sway (p=N.S.).

We found significantly lower forefoot and mid-foot temperature increases following walking with shear reducing insoles compared standard insoles. We also found improvements in gait.
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