Graston Technique for Plantar Fasciitis

NewsBot · Feb 22, 2011

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Graston instrument soft tissue mobilization and home stretching for the management of plantar heel pain: a case series.
Looney B, Srokose T, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Cleland JA.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2011 Feb;34(2):138-42.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this prospective case series was to describe the outcome of a set of patients with plantar fasciitis treated with Graston Instrument Soft Tissue Mobilization techniques (GT) and a home stretching program.

METHODS: Ten patients with a primary report of plantar heel pain completed self-report questionnaires including the Global Rating of Change Scale (GRC), the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, and the Lower Extremity Functional Scale. Patients were treated with GT directed to the triceps surae, soleus, plantar fascia, and medial calcaneal tubercle. Participants received a maximum of 8 treatments over a time frame ranging from 3 to 8 weeks at a frequency of 1 to 2 sessions per week. Each patient was instructed to perform the stretching program at home 3 times daily. Patients completed all outcome measures at baseline, sixth visit (GRC), and at discharge or the eighth visit. The number of successful outcomes on the GRC was examined using a binomial test. Dependent t tests were used to examine if a significant difference existed in secondary outcome measures of pain and function.

RESULTS: The subjects had a mean duration of symptoms of 32.4 weeks (SD, 31.1). Patients were treated for an average of 6.9 visits (SD, 1.3). There was a statistically significant difference between the number of patients who did and did not achieve a successful outcome (P = .047). There was also a significant improvement from baseline to follow-up for the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (P = .002) and Lower Extremity Functional Scale (P = .017).

CONCLUSIONS: The group of patients selected for this case series who were treated with GT and home stretching experienced clinically meaningful improvement.
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davidh · Feb 23, 2011

NewsBot said: ↑

Graston instrument soft tissue mobilization and home stretching for the management of plantar heel pain: a case series.
Looney B, Srokose T, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Cleland JA.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2011 Feb;34(2):138-42.

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The technique itself seems interesting, but I'm absolutely unconvinced about the reliability of the study results.
I have to say that if I was providing Graston technique I'd write a glowing report too:rolleyes:.

blinda · Feb 23, 2011

NewsBot said: ↑

Looney B, Srokose T, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Cleland JA.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2011 Feb;34(2):138-42.

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CQmFMXkhXPY

Sorry, very silly of me...

Ian Drakard · Feb 23, 2011

davidh said: ↑

The technique itself seems interesting, but I'm absolutely unconvinced about the reliability of the study results.
I have to say that if I was providing Graston technique I'd write a glowing report too:rolleyes:.
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Having only read the abstract, is is just me or are there big truck sized holes in this study?

Griff · Feb 23, 2011

Ian Drakard said: ↑

Having only read the abstract, is is just me or are there big truck sized holes in this study?
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Here's your starter for ten - there was no control group.

Simon Spooner · Feb 23, 2011

Yeah, but a key benefit to the patient is that they can engage in everyday activities while the treatment is being administered. So while someone is rubbing your foot with a stainless steel rod, you can do all the activities that you would normally be doing. Perhaps that's only true if you "work from home", y'all know what I'm saying. :hammer:

footfan · Feb 25, 2011

Simon Spooner said: ↑

Yeah, but a key benefit to the patient is that they can engage in everyday activities while the treatment is being administered. So while someone is rubbing your foot with a stainless steel rod, you can do all the activities that you would normally be doing. Perhaps that's only true if you "work from home", y'all know what I'm saying. :hammer:
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Simon im pretty sure this would only work if you had a man slave......................................... luckily for us you have 3 years worth of unpaid workers , oh i mean pod students =D

davidh · Feb 25, 2011

davidh said: ↑

The technique itself seems interesting, but I'm absolutely unconvinced about the reliability of the study results.
I have to say that if I was providing Graston technique I'd write a glowing report too:rolleyes:.
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Just in case anyone picks me up wrongly, I didn't say it wasn't BS, I just said it seems interesting........;).

Simon Spooner · Feb 25, 2011

footfan said: ↑

Simon im pretty sure this would only work if you had a man slave......................................... luckily for us you have 3 years worth of unpaid workers , oh i mean pod students =D
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Lucky for me that I still have a man slave. Since, at this moment, I don't have undergraduates at my disposal. This situation may soon change, but that's another story...

jesspt · Mar 31, 2011

I think you'll find the "holes" in the study are similar to those that exist in most case series.

We're not talking about a randomized, controlled trial here.

NewsBot · Sep 4, 2012

Chiropractic management of pediatric plantar fasciitis: a case report.
Daniels CJ, Morrell AP.
J Chiropr Med. 2012 Mar;11(1):58-63.

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this report is to present the case of a 10-year-old football player with bilateral plantar fasciitis who improved with a multimodal conservative approach using chiropractic treatment.

CLINICAL FEATURES:
The patient presented with bilateral plantar heel pain at the origin of the plantar fascia with a duration of 3 weeks.

INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME:
Treatment was provided for 6 visits over a 6-week period. Chiropractic care consisted of manipulative therapy, soft tissue therapy, and home rehabilitation exercises. The soft tissue technique (Graston Technique) was performed to the origin of the plantar fascia and the triceps surae bilaterally. High-velocity, low-amplitude manipulation was applied to the restricted ankle mortise joint. After 6 treatments, the patient reported resolution of foot pain bilaterally and improvements in activities of daily livings. Three months later, the patient reported no further complications and the absence of pain.

CONCLUSION:
This patient with bilateral plantar fasciitis improved after a course of a multimodal treatment approach using chiropractic manipulation and soft tissue therapy in addition to exercise and stretching therapies.
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7Pod7 · Sep 7, 2012

After reading this post I went to UTube to see and hear how Graston technique works.
Surelly breaking up scar tissue in an acute Plantar fasciitis can work if the underlying biomechanics are a small problem and/or patient is young (the body has not deteriorated bad enough yet). The manipulation of joint may not be necessary. this young patient may not have developped symptoms until older accept he strained the limb out through agressive sport. I suspect his symptoms will undoubtedly return in the future or he'll get an orthotic to deal with the likelly cause of his problem.

NewsBot · Aug 23, 2014

Effectiveness of Graston Soft Tissue Mobilization Technique with Static Stretching in Subjects with Plantar Fasciitis
K. Vinod Babu, Lisa Michael Pereira, N. Sai Kumar, V. R. Ayyappan
International Journal of Physiotherapy; Vol 1, No 3 (2014)

Background: Graston soft tissue mobilization and static stretching found to be effective in plantar fasciitis, however the combined effectiveness of these techniques were unknown. The purpose of this study is to find the effect of Graston soft tissue mobilization technique for plantar fascia combined with static stretching of triceps surae for subjects with chronic stage of Plantar Fasciitis on pain intensity, ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and functional disability.

Methods: An experimental study design, selected subjects with chronic Plantar Fasciitis randomized subjects into each Study and Control group. Total of 40 subject's data who completed study, 20 in each group, was used for analysis. Control group received conventional exercise while Study group received conventional exercises with Graston soft tissue mobilization combined with static stretching of triceps surae muscle. Outcome measurements such as Intensity of pain using Numerical Pain Rating Scale-101 (NPRS-101), function disability using Foot Function Index Pain Subscale (FFI) and ankle dorsiflexion active range of motion using Goniometer was measured before and after 2 weeks of intervention.

Results: There is statistically significant improvement in means of NRS-101, ankle dorsiflexion active range of motion and Foot Function Index Pain Subscale after intervention in both groups. When the post-intervention means were compared between Study and Control group after 2 weeks of treatment there is statistically significant difference in means between the groups whereas study group showed greater percentage of improvement than control group.

Conclusion: It is concluded that Graston soft tissue mobilization technique combined with static stretching of triceps surae muscle is significantly effective than conventional exercises on reducing pain, improving ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and functional disability for subjects with chronic Plantar Fasciitis.
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NewsBot · Dec 20, 2016

The Effect of an Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization Technique on Talocrural Joint Range of Motion
Thomas G. Palmer et al
International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training

Graston Technique® (GT) is prescribed to increase range of motion (ROM) in pathological patients, however little evidence exist regarding the effect GT has on healthy soft tissue joint ROM. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect GT would have on ankle dorsi-flexion when compared to traditional static stretching (TS) among fifty healthy track and field volunteers. Participants were randomly assigned to a GT, TS or a control group. GT yielded a greater increase in talocrural joint dorsi-flexion when compared to TS. GT seems to provide mobility to healthy tissue, such as, fascia and muscle not previously reported.
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NewsBot · Feb 4, 2017

A follow-up of patient reported outcomes in chronic plantar heel pain participants treated with Graston Technique: A mixed methods approach
Troy Richard Garrett
Thesis; University of Northern Iowa

Chronic Plantar Heel Pain (CPHP), commonly known as “plantar fasciitis,” is a condition that is estimated to affect 10% of the American population. A treatment for CPHP and other soft tissue overuse conditions that is increasing in popularity is the use of metal instruments for deep tissue massage for 10 minutes, twice a week for six weeks, called the Graston Technique.
The purpose of this study is to longitudinally examine the foot pain and function of participants who received Graston Technique treatment approximately two years before this study. A mixed methods design where quantitatively, three self-reported survey instruments were utilized, and qualitatively, an interview regarding foot pain and function, as well as quality of life, was completed.
This study is motivated by three research questions: (1) Will participants treated with Graston Technique for CPHP report a maintenance or decrease in pain levels two years posttreatment? (2) Will participants treated with Graston Technique for CPHP report a maintenance or improvement in functional outcomes two years posttreatment? (3) What are the lived experiences of participants treated with Graston Technique for CPHP?
The findings of this case series design demonstrate that 13 out of 15 participants maintained or improved pain levels and functional outcomes near two years posttreatment. Qualitatively, 10 out of 15 of the participants described having foot pain at the cessation of treatment, with the pain subsiding a few months later. This could occur from the long-term mechanical changes that Graston Technique can impose on degenerated tissue, such as in CPHP. The findings support that Graston Technique may be an effective treatment for CPHP to maintain pain and functional levels two years after the treatment has ended.
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NewsBot · May 9, 2017

The Effect of Graston Massage Therapy on Talocrural Joint Range of Motion.
Palmer, Thomas G.; Wilson, Bradley; Kohn, Mallory; Miko, Sarah
International Journal of Athletic Therapy & Training . May2017, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p66-75. 10p.

The Graston technique (GT) is prescribed to increase range of motion (ROM) in pathological patients, however little evidence exists regarding the effect GT has on healthy soft tissue joint ROM. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect GT would have on ankle dorsifl xion when compared with traditional static stretching (TS) among 50 healthy track and field volunteers. Participants were randomly assigned to a GT, TS, or control group. GT yielded a greater increase in talocrural joint dorsifl xion when compared with TS. GT seems to provide mobility to healthy tissue, such as fascia and muscle not previously reported.
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NewsBot · May 9, 2017

Transient acute leg ischemia in a professional athlete caused by isolated popliteal artery dissection mimicking popliteal entrapment syndrome
Milos Sladojevic et al
Annals of Vascular Surgery; Article in Press

Introduction
Exertional leg pain includes a broad range of conditions induced by different vascular, musculoskeletal and neurological disorders. We report a case with isolated popliteal artery dissection as a cause of a transient acute lower limb ischemia.

Case report
We report a patient with popliteal artery dissection which occurred during squatting exercise. After initial signs of transient acute limb ischemia, physical and ultrasound examination pointed to entrampement syndrome as a likely cause. However, digital suptraction angiography showed possible dissection of popliteal artery which was confirmed intraoperatively. Popliteal artery was resected and reversed saphenous vein bypass was performed.

Conclusion
Isolated popliteal artery dissection in professional athletes is a rare entity which can be manifested with exertional leg pain. Clinical findings can sometimes be similar to those of popliteal entrapment syndrome. Clinical suspicion and timely patient referral to a vascular specialist are crucial for optimal treatment of this limb threatening condition.
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NewsBot · Jan 30, 2018

Comparison of Compressive Myofascial Release and
the Graston Technique for Improving AnkleDorsiflexion
Range of Motion
Justin Stanek, EdD, ATC; Taylor Sullivan, MS, ATC; Samantha Davis, MS,
ATC
Journal of Athletic Training 2018;53(2):000–000

Myofascial release and instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization
(IASTM) techniques have been used to increase range of
motion (ROM); however, evidence directly comparing their
effectiveness is limited.
Objective: To compare the effects of a single session of
compressive myofascial release (CMR) or IASTM using the
Graston Technique (GT) on closed chain ankle-DF ROM.
Design: Randomized controlled trial.
Setting: Laboratory.
Patients or Other Participants: Participants were 44
physically active people (53 limbs) with less than 308 of DF.
Intervention(s): Limbs were randomly assigned to 1 of 3
groups: control CMR, or GT. Both treatment groups received
one 5-minute treatment that included scanning the area and
treating specific restrictions. The control group sat for 5 minutes
before measurements were retaken.
Main Outcome Measure(s): Standing and kneeling ankle
DF were measured before and immediately after treatment.
Change scores were calculated for both positions, and two 1-
way analyses of variance were used for analysis.
Results: A difference between groups was found in the
standing (F2,52¼ 13.78, P ¼ .001) and kneeling positions (F2,52¼
5.85, P ¼ .01). Post hoc testing showed DF improvements in the
standing position after CMR compared with the GT and control
groups (both P ¼ .001). In the kneeling position, DF improved
after CMR compared with the control group (P ¼ .005).
Conclusions: Compressive myofascial release increased
ankle DF after a single treatment in participants with DF ROM
deficits. Clinicians should consider adding CMR as a treatment
intervention for patients with DF deficits.
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NewsBot · Nov 7, 2019

Graston Technique® as a Treatment for Patients with Chronic Plantar Heel Pain
Troy R. Garrett, Peter J Neibert
Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Use of Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Massage has increased in popularity, and the plantar fascia is a superficial tissue that may benefit from this treatment. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Graston Technique® (GT) for decreasing pain and increasing function in participants with chronic plantar heel pain over a six-week period. A single blind, pretest-posttest control/comparison group design, with a sample of 22 adults (5 males, 17 females) was utilized. Participants were assigned to three groups: GT/stretching, effleurage/stretching, and stretching only. After completion, effleurage/stretching and stretching only groups were later offered GT with posttest scores recorded. Participants were pretested/posttested using the Foot Health Status Questionnaire (Foot Pain, Foot Function, and General Foot Health), McGill Pain Questionnaire, and Visual Analog Scale. A posttest Kruskal-Wallis analysis between the three groups demonstrated a significant difference of the Visual Analog Scale between the GT/stretching and effleurage/stretching groups. From pre to posttest, Wilcoxon Test resulted in GT/stretching group significantly improving in 4 out of 5 variables, with effleurage/stretching significant in 1 out of 5, and stretching only demonstrating significance in 3 out of 5. Friedman’s Test for effleurage and stretching only groups resulted in significant differences in all the variables when GT was later administered. The mean differences between pre and posttest for the groups demonstrated a minimal important difference of 4 out of 4 variables for GT/stretching, 2 out of 4 variables for effleurage/stretch, 2 out of 4 variables for the stretching only group. Participants improved in variables measured over a six week treatment of GT. This was both shown to be not only statistically significant, but clinically significant utilizing minimal important difference.
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NewsBot · Dec 3, 2020

Comparison of the Graston Technique® With Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization for Increasing Dorsiflexion Range of Motion
Holly M. Bush, Justin M. Stanek, Joshua D. Wooldridge, Stephanie L. Stephens and Jessica S. Barrack
Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

Context: Limited dorsiflexion (DF) range of motion (ROM) is commonly observed in both the athletic and general populations and is a predisposing factor for lower extremity injury. Graston Technique® (GT) is a form of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM), used commonly to increase ROM. Evidence of the long-term effects of GT on ROM is lacking, particularly comparing the full GT protocol versus IASTM alone. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of 6 sessions of the GT or IASTM compared with a control (CON) group for increasing closed-chain DF ROM. Design: Cohort design with randomization. Setting: Athletic training clinic. Patients or OtherParticipants: A total of 23 physically active participants (37 limbs) with <34° of DF. Participants’ limbs were randomly allocated to the GT, IASTM, or CON group. Intervention: Participants’ closed-chain DF ROM (standing and kneeling) were assessed at baseline and 24–48 hours following their sixth treatment. Participants in the CON group were measured at baseline and 3 weeks later. The intervention groups received 6 treatments during a 3-week period, whereas the CON group received no treatment. The GT group received a warm-up, instrument application, stretching, and strengthening of the triceps surae. The IASTM group received a warm-up and instrument application. Main Outcome Measures: Closed-chain DF was assessed with a digital inclinometer in standing and kneeling. Results: A significant difference between groups was found in the standing position (P = .03) but not in kneeling (P = .15). Post hoc testing showed significant improvements in DF in standing following the GT compared with the control (P = .02). Conclusions: The GT significantly increases ankle DF following 6 treatments in participants with DF ROM deficits; however, no differences were found between GT and IASTM. The GT may be an effective intervention for clinicians to consider when treating patients with DF deficits.
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NewsBot · Aug 8, 2021

This clinical trial was just registered:
Effects of Graston Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization in Patients With Chronic Plantar Fasciitis.

study was conducted to check the effectivenessos graston on patients with chronic plantar fasciitis. After screening from inclusion exclusion criteria.Data will be randomly divided in two groups.

Graston assisted release of plantar fascia is used for soft tissue mobilization. Pain level using NPRS, score on FADI and dorsiflexion restriction using LUNGE test will be performed before any treatment.
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NewsBot · Feb 21, 2022

Effectiveness of the Graston Technique on Pain and General Foot Health in Patients with Chronic Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Noreen Kiran, Waqar Ahmed Awan, Wajeeha Sahar, Naeem Hameed, Nazia Sarfraz, Ayesha Niaz
Altern Ther Health Med. 2022 Feb 18

Background: Chronic plantar fasciitis has been historically treated with conventional physical therapy. The use of the Garston Technique® (GT) is a new intervention for the management of chronic plantar fascitis, but there is lack of evidence in the literature regarding its efficacy.

Study objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the GT on pain, foot function and general foot health in patients with plantar fasciitis.

Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial conducted from November 2020 to March 2021. The non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select 30 patients.

Setting: Madinah Teaching Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

Participants: A total of 30 patients of both genders with a 6-week history of planter fasciitis and the presence of a calcaneus everted ≥2° were included in this study and randomly assigned to one of two groups.

Intervention: Both groups received conventional physical therapy (CPT) for 4 weeks and the experimental group in addition received GT.

Primary outcome measures: The primary outcome measures were pain, measured at baseline, after the second week and after the end of treatment (ie, the fourth week) on the visual analog scale (VAS); and general foot health and foot function, measured at baseline and after the end of treatment with the Modified Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ).

Results: The mean age of the study patients was 34.1 ± 6.67 years. There was significant improvement in pain in the GT group compared with the CPT group after the second (P = .005; partial η2 = 0.263) and the 4th (P = .000; partial η2 = 0.535) week of intervention. Foot function was also significantly improved (P < .05) in the GT group compared with the CPT group with a large effect size (Cohen's d = 0.080). But in the case of general foot health, no significant difference was observed between the groups at the end of the fourth week.

Conclusion: The use of the GT combined with CPT shows significant results compared with CPT alone; ie, GT speeds up the recovery from heel pain and foot function in patients with chronic plantar fasciitis.
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NewsBot · Apr 13, 2022

A case report on efficacy of instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization in a patient having heel pain
Shivani K. Bhurchandi, Pratik Phansopkar, Neha Chitale, Om C. Wadhokar
Journal of medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences, Volume 11 – Issue 1, 1242, January – February 2022, Page – 4531 - 4533

Heel pain is the most common ailment of foot, affecting 10% of population including both younger as well as elder people. It also affects the
lifestyle of these patients. Plantar fasciitis is one of such conditions which can cause heel pain. Plantar fasciitis is the result of inflammation of plantar
aponeurosis due to its attachment on calcaneal tuberosity. Physiotherapy in form of soft tissue mobilization and stretching can be beneficial to achieve
functional goals. The commonest sites for identifying this condition are: 1) Experiencing tenderness and pain in medial tubercle of heel bone 2) painful
first step in morning and 3) Pain due to prolonged standing or weight bearing. Instrument Assisted Soft-tissue Mobilization (IASTM) and aggressive
manual soft-tissue mobilization (AMSTM) are reported in improving soft-tissue mobility in individuals having plantar fasciitis. A 28-year-old female,
diagnosed case of plantar fasciitis complaining of heel pain and difficulty in walking, underwent physiotherapy for 4 weeks, which resulted in reduction
in pain intensity and increased foot and ankle’s abilities. This case report suggests that physiotherapy given in the form of IASTM led to improving the
functional goals progressively and significantly which is a major aspect leading to a successful recovery.
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NewsBot · Nov 21, 2022

Effects of graston assisted soft tissue mobilization in patients with chronic plantar fasciitis.
Nasir M, Khan LG, Haq K, Khan UA, Batool M, Ali S.
RMJ. 2022; 47(4): 978-981.

Objective: To determine the effects of graston on pain, range of motion, foot and ankle disability in patients with plantar fasciitis.
Methodology: This randomized control trial was conducted at Rawal General Hospital and included 66 participants who were randomly allocated in two group i.e. graston with conventional PT and conventional physical therapy. Protocol provided in 6 physiotherapy sessions over a 2-week intervention period (3 visits per week). Assessments were taken at baseline and post-test using FADI, NPRS and Lunge test. Data analysis was done through SPSS 23.
Results: Total 66 participants were analyzed (control group =33, GR group=33). Among the total individuals, 41 were males while 25 were female participants. Mean age of males was 50.68Â±4.15 whereas that of females 51.12Â±5.52 years. Post-intervention of both groups significantly improved (p<0.05) in pain, range and function of ankle. Group A and B both showed significant improvement after 2 weeks.
Conclusion: Graston was effective to reduce chronic plantar fasciitis pain. Furthermore, both treatments reduced pain, improved functional status and ankle range of motion.
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NewsBot · Jan 30, 2023

Effects of Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization and
Myofascial Release Technique among patients with
Chronic Heel Pain
Muhammad Umer Arshad et al
Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University, Natural Science Edition

Objective: The purpose of the study was to compare the effects
of both techniques, assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM)
and myofascial release technique (MFR), to improve pain and
mobility among patients with chronic heel pain.
Methodology: It was a quasi-experimental study with a sample
size of 70 with 5% margin of error and 95% confidence interval.
Participants were recruited from outpatient department of
physiotherapy of private hospital through convenient sampling
technique. IASTM and MFR interventions were received by 33
participants in each allocated group. Both groups were treated
for three sessions per week for four weeks. Pre and post
treatment readings were measured on NPRS and FADI.
Results: Both groups were similar at baseline on (age, weight,
height, and BMI) and clinical characteristics NPRS, and FADI.
To compare mean changes between groups, independent t-test
was used. The mean difference of NPRS between groups in
IASTM was 7.90 (1.01) to 1.60 (0.55) and in MFR group was
7.75 (1.0) to 2.87 (1.02) with p=0.001. The functional mobility
on FADI was changed from 32.87 (14.21) to 95.81 (3.11) in
IASTM and in MFR was changed from 32.33 (9.42) to 64.03
(9.23) with p=0.001.
Conclusion: The current study concluded that Instrument
Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization is more effective than
Myofascial Release Technique in reducing pain and improving
functional mobility of foot and ankle in chronic pain of heel.
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NewsBot · Mar 11, 2023

Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization Technique versus Static Stretching in Patients with Pronated Dominant Foot: A Comparison in Effectiveness on Flexibility, Foot Posture, Foot Function Index, and Dynamic Balance
Ujjwal Gupta et al
Healthcare 2023, 11(6), 785

Background: Pronated foot is a deformity with various degrees of physical impact. Patients with a pronated foot experience issues such as foot pain, ankle pain, heel pain, shin splints, impaired balance, plantar fasciitis, etc. Objective: The study intended to compare the effectiveness of IASTM (instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization) and static stretching on ankle flexibility, foot posture, foot function, and balance in patients with a flexible pronated foot. Methods: Seventy-two participants between the ages of 18–25 years with a flexible pronated foot were included and allocated into three groups: Control, stretching, and IASTM group using single-blinded randomization. Range of motion (ROM) measuring ankle flexibility, foot posture index (FPI), foot function index (FFI), and dynamic balance was measured at baseline and after 4 weeks of intervention. Soft tissue mobilization was applied on to the IASTM group, while the stretching group was directed in static stretching of the gastrocnemius-soleus complex, tibialis anterior, and Achilles tendon in addition to the foot exercises. The control group received only foot exercises for 4 weeks. Results: The result shows the significant improvement of the right dominant foot in ROM plantar flexion, (F = 3.94, p = 0.03), dorsiflexion (F = 3.15, p = 0.05), inversion (F = 8.54, p = 0.001) and eversion (F = 5.93, p = 0.005), FFI (control vs. IASTM, mean difference (MD) = 5.9, p < 0.001), FPI (right foot, control vs. IASTM MD = 0.88, p = 0.004), and in dynamic balance of the right-leg stance (anterior, pre vs. post = 88.55 ± 2.28 vs. 94.65 ± 2.28; anteromedial, pre vs. post = 80.65 ± 2.3 vs. 85.55 ± 2.93; posterior, pre vs. post = 83 ± 3.52 vs. 87 ± 2.99 and lateral, pre vs. post = 73.2 ± 5.02 vs. 78.05 ± 4.29) in the IASTM group. The FFI was increased remarkably in the stretching group as compared to the control group. Conclusions: Myofascial release technique, i.e., IASTM with foot exercises, significantly improves flexibility, foot posture, foot function, and dynamic balance as compared to stretching, making it a choice of treatment for patients with a flexible pronated foot.
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NewsBot · Jan 11, 2024

An overview and critical analysis of the Graston technique for foot-related conditions: a scoping review
RobertoTedeschi
Manuelle Medizin

Background
The Graston technique (GT) is a popular soft tissue mobilization technique used to manage musculoskeletal pathologies, including those affecting the foot and ankle. This review aims to analyze the available literature on the use of GT in managing foot and ankle pathologies.

Methods
A comprehensive search was conducted in multiple electronic databases to identify relevant studies. Ten studies were included in the review. The studies were analyzed to assess the effectiveness of GT in managing foot and ankle pathologies, including plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendinopathy, and ankle sprains.

Results
The studies included in this review suggest that GT can be a useful adjunct to other interventions such as stretching exercises and eccentric training for managing foot and ankle pathologies. GT, when combined with stretching exercises, was found to significantly reduce pain and improve function in patients with plantar fasciitis. Similarly, patients with Achilles tendinopathy who received GT in addition to eccentric exercises showed significantly greater improvements in pain and function compared to those who received eccentric exercises only.

Conclusion
The findings of this review suggest that GT can be an effective treatment for foot and ankle pathologies when used in conjunction with other interventions. However, the quality of evidence is limited, and larger, well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to further investigate the effectiveness of GT for foot and ankle pathologies.
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