Manchester foot pain and disability score

nicpod1 · Jun 5, 2008

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Hi,

I'm finding it difficult to get hold of this outcome measure.

Could anyone tell me where to find a copy?

Thanks!

NewsBot · Nov 3, 2009

A Rasch analysis of the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index.
Muller S, Roddy E.
J Foot Ankle Res. 2009 Oct 30;2(1):29.

BACKGROUND: There is currently no interval-level measure of foot-related disability and this has hampered research in this area. The Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index (FPDI) could potentially fill this gap.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the fit of the three subscales (function, pain, appearance) of the FPDI to the Rasch unidimensional measurement model in order to form interval-level scores.

METHODS: A two-stage postal survey at a general practice in the UK collected data from 149 adults aged 50 years and over with foot pain. The 17 FPDI items, in three subscales, were assessed for their fit to the Rasch model. Checks were carried out for differential item functioning by age and gender.

RESULTS: The function and pain items fit the Rasch model and interval-level scores can be constructed. There too few people without extreme scores on the appearance subscale to allow fit to the Rasch model to be tested.

CONCLUSIONS: The items from the FPDI function and pain subscales can be used to obtain interval level scores for these factors for use in future research studies in older adults. Further work is needed to establish the interval nature of these subscale scores in more diverse populations and to establish the measurement properties of these interval-level scores.
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Admin2 · Nov 3, 2009

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NewsBot · Oct 28, 2011

Age and gender differences in disabling foot pain using different definitions of the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index.
Menz HB, Gill TK, Taylor AW, Hill CL.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2011 Oct 26;12(1):243.

BACKGROUND:
The Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index (MFPDI) has been used to determine the prevalence of disabling foot pain in several studies, however there is some debate as to which case definition is most appropriate. The objective of this study was to explore age and gender differences in the proportion of people with disabling foot pain using three different case definitions of the MFPDI and for each individual MFPDI item.

METHODS:
A random sample of 223 participants aged 27 to 90 years (88 males and 135 females) from the North West Adelaide Health Study, who reported having pain, aching or stiffness in either of their feet on most days in the last month, completed the MFPDI by telephone interview. The proportion of people with disabling foot pain was determined using three definitions: (i) Definition A - at least one of the 17 items documented on at least some days in the last month; (ii) Definition B - at least one of the 17 items documented on most/every day(s) in the last month, and; (iii) Definition C - at least one of the ten functional limitation items documented on most/every day(s) in the last month. Cross-tabulations and chi-squared statistics were used to explore differences in responses to the MFPDI items according to age and gender.

RESULTS:
The proportion of people with disabling foot pain according to each definition was as follows: Definition A (100%), Definition B (95.1%) and Definition C (77.6%). Definition C was most sensitive to age and gender differences. Exploration of individual MFPDI items indicated that age significantly affected both the pain intensity and functional limitation items, with younger people more likely to report their foot pain being worse in the morning, and older people more likely to report functional limitations. Although gender did not influence responses to the personal appearance items, women were more likely report functional limitations than men.

CONCLUSIONS:
Definition C of the MFPDI is more sensitive to age and gender differences in the proportion of people with disabling foot pain, and would therefore seem to be the most appropriate case definition to use in epidemiological studies involving a broad age range of participants.
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NewsBot · Feb 8, 2012

Responsiveness of the Manchester-Oxford foot questionnaire (MOXFQ) compared
with AOFAS, SF-36 and EQ-5D assessments following foot or ankle surgery
J. Dawson, I. Boller, H. Doll, G. Lavis, R. Sharp, P. Cooke, and C.
Jenkinson
J Bone Joint Surg Br 2012;94-B 215-221

The responsiveness of the Manchester–Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) was compared with foot/ankle-specific and generic outcome measures used to assess all surgery of the foot and ankle. We recruited 671 consecutive adult patients awaiting foot or ankle surgery, of whom 427 (63.6%) were female, with a mean age of 52.8 years (18 to 89). They independently completed the MOXFQ, Short-Form 36 (SF-36) and EuroQol (EQ-5D) questionnaires pre-operatively and at a mean of nine months (3.8 to 14.4) post-operatively. Foot/ankle surgeons assessed American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores corresponding to four foot/ankle regions. A transition item measured perceived changes in foot/ankle problems post-surgery. Of 628 eligible patients proceeding to surgery, 491 (78%) completed questionnaires and 262 (42%) received clinical assessments both pre- and post-operatively. The regions receiving surgery were: multiple/whole foot in eight (1.3%), ankle/hindfoot in 292 (46.5%), mid-foot in 21 (3.3%), hallux in 196 (31.2%), and lesser toes in 111 (17.7%). Foot/ankle-specific MOXFQ, AOFAS and EQ-5D domains produced larger effect sizes (> 0.8) than any SF-36 domains, suggesting superior responsiveness. In analyses that anchored change in scores and effect sizes to patients’ responses to a transition item about their foot/ankle problems, the MOXFQ performed well. The SF-36 and EQ-5D performed poorly. Similar analyses, conducted within foot-region based sub-groups of patients, found that the responsiveness of the MOXFQ was good compared with the AOFAS.

This evidence supports the MOXFQ’s suitability for assessing all foot and ankle surgery.
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NewsBot · Jul 10, 2012

An analysis of Euroqol EQ-5D and Manchester Oxford Foot Questionnaire scores six months following podiatric surgery
Anthony J Maher and Timothy E Kilmartin
Journal of Foot and Ankle Research 2012, 5:17

Background
In the United Kingdom patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS) have been adopted as a key measure of foot surgery outcomes. The intention of this study was to evaluate the responsiveness of a regional outcome measure; the Manchester Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) and a generic measure; the EuroQol EQ-5D, in the context of day care Podiatric Surgery

Methods
A prospective audit of 375 consecutive day care surgical admissions was undertaken. All patients attending for surgery, who agreed to participate, were included. Pre operation patients completed the MOXFQ and the EQ-5D. Both questionnaires were completed again at 6 months post operation. Additional data was collected on patient demographics, surgical procedures and complications.

Results
Few complications were encountered and most patients (84%) returned for a final review 6 months post operation. Mean MOXFQ scores improved for each domain: pain; 51.7 pre-operation, reduced to 16.5 post-operation, walking; 50.2 reduced to 14.1 and social interaction; 45.7 reduced to 10.6. The minimal clinically important differences (MCID) estimates for the pain domain were exceeded by 82.6% of patients, while 74.8% achieved the MCID for walking and 68.5% achieved the MCID for social interaction. A small number of patients (2.9%) deteriorated across all three MOXFQ domains. The EQ-5D Index, summary of health related quality of life, improved from 0.66 pre-operation to 0.86 post operation. The EQ-5D index MCID was exceeded by 79.2% of patients. Index scores deteriorated for 1.8% of patients following surgery. Effect sizes measured following surgery were largest for the MOXFQ domains: Walking; 1.39, Pain; 1.52 and Social Interaction: 1.39. The EQ-5D index effect size was 0.83. The EQ-5D visual analogue scale (VAS) was not influenced by surgery.

Conclusion
Both the MOXFQ and EQ-5D index (but not the VAS) appear sensitive to changes in health status at 6 months following elective foot surgery. Both instruments were particularly responsive to changes in pain, mobility and activity or social interaction following treatment. The MOXFQ was developed specifically for foot surgery and as such appears to be the more sensitive instrument. However the generic EQ-5D may allow comparison of general health states in the wider health community. Both instruments when used together appear well suited to the measurement of change in perceived health status following foot surgery.
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NewsBot · Mar 28, 2013

Development of a danish language version of the manchester foot pain and disability index: reproducibility and construct validity testing.
Pedersen CK, Danneskiold-Samsøe B, Garrow AP, Wæhrens EE, Bliddal H, Christensen R, Bartels EM.
Pain Res Treat. 2013;2013:284903.

Introduction. The Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index (MFPDI) is a 19-item questionnaire for the assessment of disability caused by foot pain. The aim was to develop a Danish language version of the MFPDI (MFPDI-DK) and evaluate its reproducibility and construct validity.

Methods. A Danish version was created, following a forward-backward translation procedure. A sample of 84 adult patients with foot pain was recruited. Participants completed two copies of the MFPDI-DK within a 24- to 48-hour interval, along with the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36), and a pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Reproducibility was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and 95% limits of agreement (Bland-Altman plot). Construct validity was evaluated with Pearson's Rho, using a priori hypothesized correlations with SF-36 subscales and VASmean.

Results. The MFPDI-DK showed very good reliability with an ICC of 0.92 (0.88-0.95). The 95% limits of agreement ranged from -6.03 to 6.03 points. Construct validity was supported by moderate to very strong correlations with the SF-36 physical subscales and VASmean.

Conclusion. The MFPDI-DK appears to be a valid and reproducible instrument in evaluating foot-pain-related disability in Danish adult patients in cross-sectional samples. Further research is needed to test the responsiveness of the MFPDI-DK.
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NewsBot · May 16, 2013

The Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire(MOXFQ): Development and validation of a summary index score.
Morley D, Jenkinson C, Doll H, Lavis G, Sharp R, Cooke P, Dawson J.
Bone Joint Res. 2013 Apr 3;2(4):66-69.

OBJECTIVES:
The Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) is a validated 16-item, patient-reported outcome measure for evaluating outcomes of foot or ankle surgery. The original development of the instrument identified three domains. This present study examined whether the three domains could legitimately be summed to provide a single summary index score.

METHODS:
The MOXFQ and Short-Form (SF)-36 were administered to 671 patients before surgery of the foot or ankle. Data from the three domains of the MOXFQ (pain, walking/standing and social interaction) were subjected to higher order factor analysis. Reliability and validity of the summary index score was assessed.

RESULTS:
The mean age of the participants was 52.8 years (sd 15.68; 18 to 89). Higher order principle components factor analysis produced one factor, accounting for 74.7% of the variance. The newly derived single index score was found to be internally reliable (α = 0.93) and valid, achieving at least moderate correlations (r ≥ 0.5, p < 0.001) with related (pain/function) domains of the SF-36.

CONCLUSIONS:
Analyses indicated that data from the MOXFQ can be presented in summary form. The MOXFQ summary index score (MOXFQ-Index) provides an overall indication of the outcomes of foot and ankle surgery. Furthermore, the single index reduces the number of statistical comparisons, and hence the role of chance, when exploring MOXFQ data.
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NewsBot · Aug 27, 2013

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index into Spanish.
Gijon-Nogueron G, Ndosi M, Luque-Suarez A, Alcacer-Pitarch B, Munuera PV, Garrow A, Redmond AC.
Qual Life Res. 2013 Aug 23.

PURPOSE:
The Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index (MFPDI) is a self-assessment 19-item questionnaire developed in the UK to measure foot pain and disability. This study aimed at conducting cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the MFPDI for use in Spain.
METHODS:
Principles of good practice for the translation and cultural adaptation process for patient-reported outcomes measures were followed in the MFPDI adaptation into Spanish. The cross-cultural validation involved Rasch analysis of pooled data sets from Spain and the UK.
RESULTS:
Spanish data set comprised 338 patients, five used in the adaptation phase and 333 in the cross-cultural validation phase, mean age (SD) = 55.2 (16.7) and 248 (74.5 %) were female. A UK data set (n = 682) added in the cross-cultural validation phase; mean age (SD) = 51.6 (15.2 %) and 416 (61.0 %) were female. A preliminary analysis of the 17-item MFPDI revealed significant local dependency of items causing significant deviation from the Rasch model. Grouping all items into testlets and re-analysing the MFPDI as a 3-testlet scale resulted in an adequate fit to the Rasch model, χ 2 (df) = 15.945 (12), p = 0.194, excellent reliability and unidimensionality. Lack of cross-cultural invariance was evident on the functional and personal appearance testlets. Splitting the affected testlets discounted the cross-cultural bias and satisfied requirements of the Rasch model. Subsequently, the MFPDI was calibrated into interval-level scales, fully adjusted to allow parametric analyses and cross-cultural data comparisons when required.
CONCLUSIONS:
Rasch analysis has confirmed that the MFPDI is a robust 3-subscale measure of foot pain, function and appearance in both its English and Spanish versions.
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NewsBot · Apr 9, 2014

Minimally important change was estimated for the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire after foot/ankle surgery.
Dawson J, Boller I, Doll H, Lavis G, Sharp R, Cooke P, Jenkinson C.
J Clin Epidemiol. 2014 Apr 4.

OBJECTIVES:
To ascertain the smallest amounts of change for the three Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) domains that are likely to be clinically meaningful and beyond measurement error for conditions affecting the foot/ankle. Estimates were compared with those from the Short-Form 36 (SF-36).
STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:
A prospective observational study of 671 consecutive patients undergoing foot or ankle surgery at an orthopedic hospital. Before and 9 months after surgery, patients completed the MOXFQ and SF-36; transition items (anchor) asked about perceived changes in foot/ankle pain or problems since the surgery.
RESULTS:
Four hundred ninety-one patients completed pre- and postoperative questionnaires. Anchor-based minimal clinically important change (MCIC) values were ∼13 points for each of the MOXFQ Walking/standing (W/S), Pain, and Social Interaction (S-I) domains [and greater than the standard error of measurement (SEM)]. MCIC values for all SF-36 domains fell within the SEM. Between-group MCIDs for the MOXFQ were W/S, 16.2; Pain, 9.9; S-I, 9.3. Distribution-based minimal detectable change (MDC90) values for the MOXFQ were ∼11, ∼12, and ∼16 score points for the W/S, Pain, and S-I scales, respectively.
CONCLUSION:
This article provides information for aiding the interpretability of MOXFQ outcomes data and for planning future studies. The SF-36 is not recommended as a primary outcome for foot/ankle surgery.
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NewsBot · Aug 15, 2014

Evaluation of the measurement properties of the Manchester foot pain and disability index.
van der Zwaard BC, Terwee CB, Roddy E, Terluin B, van der Horst HE, Elders PJ.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2014 Aug 12;15(1):276.

BACKGROUND:
The Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index (MFPDI, 19 items) was developed to measure functional limitations, pain and appearance for patients with foot pain and is frequently used in both observational studies and randomised controlled trials. A Dutch version of the MFPDI was developed. The aims of this study were to evaluate all the measurement properties for the Dutch version of the MFPDI and to evaluate comparability to the original version.
METHOD:
The MFPDI was translated into Dutch using a forward/backward translation process. The dimensionality was evaluated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Measurement properties were evaluated per subscale according to the COSMIN taxonomy consisting of: reliability (internal consistency, test-retest reliability and measurement error), validity (structural validity, content validity and cross-cultural validity comparing the Dutch version to the English version) responsiveness and interpretation.
RESULTS:
The questionnaire consists of three scales, measuring foot function, foot pain and perception. The reliability of the foot function scale is acceptable (Cronbach's alpha > 0.7, ICC = 0.7, SEM = 2.2 on 0-18 scale). The construct validity of the function and pain scale was confirmed and only the pain scale contains one item with differential item functioning (DIF). The responsiveness of the function and pain scale is moderate when compared to anchor questions.
CONCLUSION:
Results using the Dutch MFPDI version can be compared to results using the original version. The foot function sub-scale (items 1-9) is a reliable and valid sub-scale. This study indicates that the use of the MFPDI as a longitudinal instrument might be problematic for measuring change in musculoskeletal foot pain due to moderate responsiveness.
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NewsBot · Jul 14, 2015

Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) into Persian Language
Alireza Mousavian, Mohammad H. Ebrahimzadeh, Ali Birjandinejad, Farzad Omidi-Kashani, Amir Reza Kachooei
The Foot; Article in Press

Highlights
•The purpose of surgical procedures is being changed toward self-reported patient-centred outcome assessment.
•MOXFQ is a validated 16-item three-domain measure that can be applied in chronic foot problems.
•We used Guillemin et al. guidelines for scientific translation and validation of MOXFQ questionnaire.
•Construct validity, reliability and internal consistency of the Persian version was confirmed and argued in this study to be used among Pesian speaking population over the Middle Eastern counries.
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Purpose
In this study, we aimed to translate and test the validity and reliablity of the Persian version of Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire in foot and ankle patients.

Methods
We translated the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire to Persian language according to the accepted guidelines, then assessed the psychometric properties including the validity and reliability on 308 patients with long-standing foot and ankle problems. To test the reliability, we calculated the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for test–retest reliability and measured Cronbach's alpha to test the internal consistency. To test the construct validity of the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire we also administered the Short-Form 36 to patients.

Results
Construct validity was supported by significant correlation with SF36 subscales except for pain subscale of the persian MOXFQ with mental health of the SF36 (r = 0.207). Intraclass corellation coeficient was 0.79 for the total MOXFQ and ranged from 0.83 to 0.89 for the three subscales. Cronbach's alpha for pain, walking/standing, and social interaction was 0.86, 0.88, and 0.89, respectively, and was 0.79 for the total MOXFQ showing good internal consistency in each domain.

Conclusion
The Persian Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire health scoring system is a valid and reliable patient-reported instrument for foot and ankle problems.
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NewsBot · Oct 6, 2015

VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE TURKISH VERSION OF THE MANCHESTER-OXFORD FOOT QUESTIONNAIRE (MOXFQ) FOR HALLUX VALGUS DEFORMITY EVALUATION
Burcu Talu, Kezban Bayramlar, Nilgun Bek, Yavuz Yakut
Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc

For the sake of accurate cross-cultural adaptation, the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) in patients affected by hallux valgus were evaluated.

Thirty female volunteers aged between 18 and 55 were included in the study. Patients with hallux valgus were asked to complete the MOXFQ and the Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36). After receiving permission from the author, the MOXFQ was translated into Turkish twice and into English once. Then, its compatibility was evaluated by re-translating the questionnaire in its final form back to its original language. The Turkish version of the MOXFO was applied twice, 1-3 days apart, to individuals included in the study. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. Construct validity was assessed with the use of Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, using a priori hypothesized correlations with SF-36 domains.

Individuals achieved similar scores at the 1st and 2nd application of the questionnaire (<0.001). The internal consistency reliability was acceptable for all MOXFQ domains (pain, walking/standing and social interaction) with Cronbachs' alpha coefficients ranging from 0.775 to 0.779. The assessment of test-retest reliability revealed satisfactory values, with ICCs ranging from 0.91 to 0.96. Construct validity was supported by the presence of all the hypothesized correlations, with SF-36 within its physical parameters.

Based on the results of this study, Turkish version of the MOXFQ scale is reliable, consistent and valid for evaluation of the life quality of women with hallux valgus deformity.
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NewsBot · Mar 13, 2016

Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire for hallux valgus deformity evaluation.
Talu B et al
Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2016;50(2):207-213

OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) in patients affected by hallux valgus in order to assess the accuracy of this cross-cultural adaption.
METHODS:
Thirty female volunteers aged between 18 and 55 years were included in the study. Subjects with hallux valgus were asked to complete the MOXFQ and the Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36). After receiving permission from the author, the MOXFQ was translated into Turkish twice and then back translated to English, after which its compatibility was evaluated. The Turkish version of the MOXFO was applied twice, 1-3 days apart, to the study subjects. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. Construct validity was assessed with the use of Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, using a priori hypothesized correlations with SF-36 domains.
RESULTS:
Subjects achieved similar scores at the first and second administration of the questionnaire (<0.001). The internal consistency reliability was acceptable for all MOXFQ domains (pain, walking/standing, social interaction), with Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranging from 0.775 to 0.779. The assessment of test-retest reliability revealed satisfactory values, with ICCs ranging from 0.91 to 0.96. Construct validity was supported by the presence of all the hypothesized correlations, with SF-36 within its physical parameters.
CONCLUSION:
The Turkish version of the MOXFQ is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating foot pain and functional status in patients affected by hallux valgus.
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NewsBot · Feb 25, 2017

Validation of the Korean Version of the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire in Patients With Hallux Valgus
Man-Jun Park, MD, Young-Chul Ko, MD, , Jung-Wook Huh, MD, Sook-Hyun Park, MD, Tae-hong Park, MD, Joon-hyung Park, MD
The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery; Volume 56, Issue 2, March–April 2017, Pages 252–254

The Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) is a practical, reliable, and valid questionnaire for hallux valgus surgery and has been translated into several languages. However, the MOXFQ has not been translated into Korean. In the present study, we aimed to translate and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the MOXFQ for patients affected by hallux valgus. In accordance with the guidelines of cross-cultural adaptation, we translated the English version of MOXFQ into Korean and then backward translated it into English. We sent out letters that included the Korean version of the MOXFQ, a visual analog scale measure of pain, and a validated Korean version of the short-form 36-item Health Survey to 135 patients with hallux valgus. A retest was administered after 2 weeks. Of the 135 patients, 104 responded to the first questionnaire, and 82 of the first-time responders returned their second questionnaires. We evaluated the test–retest reliability, internal consistency, concurrent validity, and construct validity of the Korean version of the MOXFQ. The intraclass correlation coefficient for test–retest reliability was 0.82 for the total MOXFQ and ranged from 0.81 to 0.82 for the 3 subscales. Cronbach's alpha for the total MOXFQ was 0.85 and ranged from 0.8 to 0.92 for the 3 subscales. Concurrent and construct validity was supported by significant correlation with the visual analog scale and short-form 36-item Health Survey subscale scores. The Korean version of the MOXFQ was tested, and it was found to be a valid and reliable instrument for patients with hallux valgus.
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NewsBot · Jan 27, 2019

Validation of the Chinese Manchester foot pain and disability index (C-MFPDI) among patients with inflammatory arthritis
Brina Xing Ying ErhHong-gu HeKate Frances CarterPeter P. CheungDaphne S. TanWenru WangKeith Rome
Journal of Foot and Ankle Research December 2019, 12:6

Background
The Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index (MFPDI) is a patient-reported outcome tool used to measure foot pain and foot-related disability. The English version of the MFPDI has been successfully translated into other European languages, but there was no Chinese version to use in Chinese-speaking communities. The cross-sectional correlational study aimed to translate the MFPDI from English into simplified Chinese (C-MFPDI) and to test its psychometric properties among people with inflammatory arthritis in Singapore.

Methods
The MFPDI was translated from English into Chinese using a forward-backward translation framework and was administered to 100 Chinese-speaking people with inflammatory arthritis. From the original 100 participants, 30 participants re-evaluated the C-MFPDI after 2 weeks. A Visual Analogue Scale and the Taiwan Chinese Foot Function Index in simplified Chinese were used to evaluate concurrent validity with the C-MFPDI. Health-related quality of life was assessed using the Chinese version of the European Quality of Life-5 Dimension to test construct validity.

Results
The C-MFPDI had a high translation equivalent rate (96.3%) and content validity index (0.92), good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.90) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.87). The concurrent validity of the C-MFPDI was demonstrated to be acceptable through its significantly moderate to strong positive correlations with the Taiwan Chinese Foot Function Index (r = 0.62–0.72, p < 0.01) and Visual Analogue Scale foot pain (r = 0.65, p < 0.01). The C-MFPDI total scores were moderately negatively associated with Chinese European Quality of Life-5 Dimension utility scores (r = − 0.40, p < 0.01).

Conclusion
The C-MFPDI had good psychometric properties. The C-MFPDI can be used to assess disabling foot pain, impairment and disability in Chinese-speaking people with inflammatory arthritis.
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NewsBot · Dec 12, 2021

The translation, cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index in Persian-speaking Iranians with foot disorders
Fatemeh Azadinia, PhD et al
December 10, 2021

Background
Foot pain has a significantly detrimental effect on mobility, function and health status. Researchers have developed a number of measurement tools to assess foot health and its impact on the quality of life. This study was conducted to translate the original English Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index (MFPDI) into Persian and to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian version.
Methods
A total of 206 patients with a range of foot disorders filled out the Persian version of the MFPDI and the Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36). The Persian version of the MFPDI was re-completed by the participants at an interval of five to seven days. The analyses performed included internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity, and floor and ceiling effect analysis.
Results
The Persian MFPDI had a good internal consistency (Cronbach's α ≥ 0.70) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.84). The construct validity of the Persian MFPDI was demonstrated to be acceptable as a result of its significantly strong negative correlations with the SF-36.
Conclusion
The results of this study showed that the Persian version of the MFPDI is a valid and reliable measure to assess foot-related disability.
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