Normative Plantar Pressure Values

NewsBot · Nov 24, 2015

Members do not see these Ads. Sign Up.
Normative plantar pressure distribution in asymptomatic adult subjects: A pilot study
Advances in Biomedical Engineering (ICABME), 2015 International Conference on
16-18 Sept. 2015; Beirut, Lebanon

A plantar pressure study that is independent of age, height, mass, and shoe size, and which contributes to a normative database has not yet been developed. Plantar pressure data have been recognized as an important element in the assessment of patients with neuromusculoskeletal disorders. A normative plantar pressure distribution data for asymptomatic adult individuals encompassing the major daily activities provides an important resource for understanding the biomechanics of such disorders. In this study, the plantar pressure history is gathered using a pedar-x (novel GmbH, Munich, Germany) in-shoe dynamic plantar pressure measurement system. Five daily activities have been performed, namely, normal walking, stair ascent and descent, and walking uphill and downhill. Two female subjects, presenting no distinctive disease symptoms, participated in this pilot study. The subjects have a mean age of 22 years, mean height of 159 centimeters, mean mass of 56 kilograms, and mean female foot size of 37. Variations in different parameters such as the average 3D pressure, trajectory of the locus of the center of pressure (COP), peak pressures, contact area, contact durations, and pressure-time integral, have been noticed from one activity to another. The results of this study are to form the foundation for obtaining normative data when gathered with a larger sample population. A normative database can be developed in the future for patients with specific disorders such as diabetes mellitus or patients with neuromusculoskeletal disorders. Such a database could lead to a better management of these disorders.
Click to expand...

efuller · Nov 24, 2015

NewsBot said: ↑

Normative plantar pressure distribution in asymptomatic adult subjects: A pilot study
Advances in Biomedical Engineering (ICABME), 2015 International Conference on
16-18 Sept. 2015; Beirut, Lebanon
Click to expand...

A plantar pressure study that is independent of age, height, mass, and shoe size, and which contributes to a normative database has not yet been developed. Plantar pressure data have been recognized as an important element in the assessment of patients with neuromusculoskeletal disorders. A normative plantar pressure distribution data for asymptomatic adult individuals encompassing the major daily activities provides an important resource for understanding the biomechanics of such disorders. In this study, the plantar pressure history is gathered using a pedar-x (novel GmbH, Munich, Germany) in-shoe dynamic plantar pressure measurement system.
Click to expand...

There was a study that showed that some pressure variables were dependent on sensor size. EMED has different sensor sizes for different feet. You could develop normative data for a particular sensor, if the sensor was calibrated the same way across time. However, the data could not be use across different types of sensors.

Eric

NewsBot · Sep 21, 2016

Impact of Arch Height Flexibility on Dynamic Plantar Pressure in Healthy Young Subjects with Planus Feet
Jinsup Song, Kersti Choe, Michael Neary, Rebecca A. Zifchock, Kenneth Cameron, Michael Trepal, Marian Hannon, and Howard J. Hilstrom
Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association: September 2016, Vol. 106, No. sp1, pp. 6-6.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Healthy feet are important for overall health and well-being. Previous studies of older subjects showed that those with a lowered arch had an increased odds of having foot deformities, pain, and hyperpronation in gait. (1–3) No investigation to date has comprehensively characterized foot biomechanics in a large sample of healthy active young subjects.

METHODS: Foot structure, function, and arch height flexibility (AHF) were measured in 1,052 incoming cadets to the United States Military Academy. Based on the previously established standing arch height index (AHI), 70% of subjects exhibited planus foot structures. (4,5) To examine the effects of AHF on dynamic barefoot plantar pressure, 1,414 planus feet were further categorized by AHF. Those that fell within the highest and the lowest quintiles were defined as flexible and stiff AHF, respectively, while the middle 3 quintiles were categorized as referent.

RESULTS: Descriptive statistics and normality testing were performed using SPSS software version 22 (IBM, Chicago, IL, USA). A Generalized Linear Model with an identify link function was used to examine the effects of AHF category while accounting for potential dependence in bilateral data. The Wald Chi-square was calculated for each dependent variable with significance set at p < 0.05. Post hoc pairwise comparisons for all pairs were performed using the Generalized Chi Square test at P < 0.017.

CONCLUSIONS: A significant difference was found in Center of Pressure Excursion Index (CPEI) and Peak Pressure (PP). Post hoc pairwise comparisons showed a significant difference between flexible versus stiff AHF: those with flexible AHF exhibited reduced CPEI (greater hyperpronation) while those with stiff AHF showed elevated PP. Results suggest that, in addition to AHI, the arch flexibility may affect dynamic foot function. This was a part of larger study. Additional studies are needed to examine the effects of AHI and AHF on regional plantar loading and overuse injuries.
Click to expand...

NewsBot · Sep 24, 2016

Multiple linear regression approach for the analysis of the relationships between joints mobility and regional pressure-based parameters in the normal-arched foot
Paolo Caravaggi, Alberto Leardini, Claudia Giacomozzi
Journal of Biomechanics 16 September 2016

Plantar load can be considered as a measure of the foot ability to transmit forces at the foot/ground, or foot/footwear interface during ambulatory activities via the lower limb kinematic chain. While morphological and functional measures have been shown to be correlated with plantar load, no exhaustive data are currently available on the possible relationships between range of motion of foot joints and plantar load regional parameters.

Joints’ kinematics from a validated multi-segmental foot model were recorded together with plantar pressure parameters in 21 normal-arched healthy subjects during three barefoot walking trials. Plantar pressure maps were divided into six anatomically-based regions of interest associated to corresponding foot segments. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the relationships between pressure-based parameters, joints range of motion and normalized walking speed (speed/subject height).

Sagittal- and frontal-plane joint motion were those most correlated to plantar load. Foot joints’ range of motion and normalized walking speed explained between 6% and 43% of the model variance (adjusted R2) for pressure-based parameters. In general, those joints’ presenting lower mobility during stance were associated to lower vertical force at forefoot and to larger mean and peak pressure at hindfoot and forefoot. Normalized walking speed was always positively correlated to mean and peak pressure at hindfoot and forefoot.

While a large variance in plantar pressure data is still not accounted for by the present models, this study provides statistical corroboration of the close relationship between joint mobility and plantar pressure during stance in the normal healthy foot.
Click to expand...

NewsBot · Sep 24, 2016

Modified Chevron osteotomy combined distal soft tissue reconstruction to treat high-grade bunionette deformity
Feng SM et al
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2016 Jul 26;96(28):2234-7

OBJECTIVE:
To explore the surgical method of using the modified chevron osteotomy combined distal soft tissue reconstruction to treat high-grade bunionette deformity.
METHODS:
From June 2013 to June 2015, the modified chevron osteotomy combined distal soft tissue reconstruction was used for surgical treatment of high-grade bunionette deformity in the Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery in Xuzhou Central Hospital.Twenty-six patients with 28 feet high-grade bunionette deformity were hospitalized for treatment, with 3 male (3 feet) and 23 female (25 feet) cases, aged 22-73 (mean 47.1) years old.The average fourth-fifth intermetatarsal angle, lateral deviation of the fifth metatarsal angle and metatarsophalangeal-fifth angle were measured on the pre-and post- operative anterior to posterior weight-beating X rays of treated feet.The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Lesser Toe Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal Scale was used to evaluate the post-operative outcomes.
RESULTS:
All of 26 patients were followed, with a mean 15.7 months (range 8-25 months). Primarily healing of the wound was achieved in all cases.No postoperative infection and nonunion on the osteotomy site was found during the follow-up time.The fracture healing time was 6-15 (mean 12.2) weeks.All the patients had satisfactory appearance and sensory function without callosum and metastatic metatarsalgia at the final follow-up.The post-operative fourth-fifth intermetatarsal angle, lateral deviation of the fifth metatarsal angle and metatarsophalangeal-fifth angle were significantly lesser than the pre-operative at the 6th week after operation, respectively [(5.5±1.7)°, (2.1±0.8)°, (5.7±2.6)°vs (16.4±4.2)°, (6.0±2.2)°, (10.5±7.4)°; all P<0.01]. The post-operative AOFAS score was significantly greater than the pre-operative [(87.1±6.7) vs (62.3±9.8) points, P<0.001].
CONCLUSION:
The modified chevron osteotomy combined distal soft tissue reconstruction is a safe and easy treatment option for the high-grade bunionette deformity and provides patient satisfaction results.
Click to expand...

NewsBot · Oct 23, 2016

Reliability and Minimal Detectable Change in Foot Pressure Measurements in Typically Developing Children
Timothy Niiler et al
The Foot; Article in Press

Highlights
•Variability in foot pressures is broken down by age group and source.
•The data were collected from a larger age range than is currently in the literature.
Click to expand...

Background
In pedobarography, clinically meaningful comparison of measurements within or between subjects is limited by data variability and measurement error. This study's purpose was to determine the components of the minimal detectable change (MDC) in impulse across all foot regions and the reliability of these measures.

Methods
A convenience sample of foot pressures from 108 visits by normal, healthy subjects aged 2–17 years was studied. Each subject had three pedobarograph measurements taken per foot, with six subjects returning for a second visit for assessment of day-to-day variability. Using a five-region mask, segmental impulses were determined, and from these we obtained the coronal plane pressure index (CPPI). Inter-rater, intra-rater, and day-to-day data were analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) to quantify reliability. Variability of the data was analyzed to quantify the MDC.

Results
Inter- and intra-rater reliability was high for all measurements while variability was low, indicating small direct measurement error. Generally, the largest contributing factor to the MDC was day-to-day variability. Step-to-step variability was more dependent on foot segment than age although minor age-related changes were noted. Finally, the high relative variability in the CPPI and the medial mid foot impulse resulted in very high MDCs for these measures.
Click to expand...

NewsBot · Jul 30, 2017

The Influence of Walking Speed and Heel Height on Peak Plantar Pressure in the Forefoot of Healthy Adults: A Pilot Study.
Rangra P, Santos D, Coda A, Jagadamma K
Clin Res Foot Ankle 5:239. doi:10.4172/2329-910X.1000239

Background: The body of empirical research is suggestive of the fact that faster walking speed and increasing heel height can both give rise to elevated plantar pressures. However, there is little evidence of the interaction between walking speed and heel height on changes in plantar pressure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the effect of heel height on plantar pressure is the same for different walking speeds

Methodology: Eighteen healthy adults, between the ages of 18 and 35 were assessed for changes in peak plantar pressure at walking speeds of 0.5 mph, 0.8 mph, 1.4 mph and 2.4 mph on a treadmill, wearing heels of 2 cm, 3 cm, 6 cm and 9 cm. Both the speed of walking and heels were randomly assigned to each participant. Peak plantar pressure values were determined in the forefoot region using the F-scan system which made use of in-shoe insoles. Data were analysed using two-way ANOVA.

Results: Increasing heel height and walking speed resulted in significantly higher peak plantar pressure in the forefoot. Post-hoc analysis also confirmed the findings of two-way ANOVA of significant increase in peak plantar pressure with increments in heel height and walking speed. The two-way ANOVA illustrated significantly higher peak plantar pressures in both the forefeet due to interaction of walking speed and increasing heel heights.

Conclusion: This study suggests that an interaction of walking speed and footwear design on distribution of plantar pressure exists. Therefore it is necessary to standardize walking speed and shoe design in future studies evaluating plantar pressures.
Click to expand...

NewsBot · Oct 31, 2018

The Influence of Population Characteristics and Measurement System on Barefoot Plantar Pressures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis
S.Telfer J.Bigham
Gait & Posture; 26 October 2018

Highlights
•We performed a meta-regression analysis of regional peak plantar pressure data
•The effect of the system used, and population characteristics were studied
•We confirmed significant effects of disease status, age, BMI, and sex
•Measurements obtained from different equipment are not directly comparable
Click to expand...

Background
The measurement of plantar pressure distributions during gait can provide insights into the effects of musculoskeletal disease on foot function. A range of hardware, software, and protocols are available for the collection of this type of data, with sometimes disparate and conflicting results reported between individual studies. In this systematic review and meta-regression analysis of dynamic regional peak pressures, we aimed to test if 1) the system used to obtain the pressure measurements and 2) the characteristics of the study populations had a significant effect on the results.

Methods
A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to identify articles reporting regional peak plantar pressures during barefoot walking. A mixed-effects modeling approach was used to analyze the extracted data. Initially, the effect of the system used to collect the data was tested. Following this, the effect of participant characteristics on the results were analyzed, using moderators of cohort type (defined as the primary health characteristic of the participants), age, sex, and BMI.

Results
115 participant groups were included in the analysis. Sufficient cohorts were available to test those that consisted of healthy individuals, and those with diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. Significant differences were found between results reported by studies using different pressure measurement systems in 8 of the 16 regions analyzed. The analysis of participant characteristics revealed a number of significant relationships between regional peak pressures and participant characteristics, including: BMI and midfoot plantar pressures; elevated forefoot pressures as a result of diabetic neuropathy; and sex-differences in regional loading patterns.

Conclusions
At the level of the literature, we confirmed significant effects of disease status, age, BMI, and sex on regional peak plantar pressures. Researchers and clinicians should be aware that measurements of peak plantar pressure variables obtained from different collection equipment are not directly comparable.
Click to expand...

NewsBot · Nov 6, 2018

The influence of population characteristics and measurement system on barefoot plantar pressures: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis.
Telfer S, Bigham JJ
Gait Posture. 2018 Oct 26;67:269-276.

BACKGROUND:
The measurement of plantar pressure distributions during gait can provide insights into the effects of musculoskeletal disease on foot function. A range of hardware, software, and protocols are available for the collection of this type of data, with sometimes disparate and conflicting results reported between individual studies. In this systematic review and meta-regression analysis of dynamic regional peak pressures, we aimed to test if 1) the system used to obtain the pressure measurements and 2) the characteristics of the study populations had a significant effect on the results.

METHODS:
A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to identify articles reporting regional peak plantar pressures during barefoot walking. A mixed-effects modeling approach was used to analyze the extracted data. Initially, the effect of the system used to collect the data was tested. Following this, the effect of participant characteristics on the results were analyzed, using moderators of cohort type (defined as the primary health characteristic of the participants), age, sex, and BMI.

RESULTS:
115 participant groups were included in the analysis. Sufficient cohorts were available to test those that consisted of healthy individuals, and those with diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. Significant differences were found between results reported by studies using different pressure measurement systems in 8 of the 16 regions analyzed. The analysis of participant characteristics revealed a number of significant relationships between regional peak pressures and participant characteristics, including: BMI and midfoot plantar pressures; elevated forefoot pressures as a result of diabetic neuropathy; and sex-differences in regional loading patterns.

CONCLUSIONS:
At the level of the literature, we confirmed significant effects of disease status, age, BMI, and sex on regional peak plantar pressures. Researchers and clinicians should be aware that measurements of peak plantar pressure variables obtained from different collection equipment are not directly comparable
Click to expand...

NewsBot · Dec 7, 2018

The effect of aging and gender on plantar pressure distribution during the gait in elderly.
Gimunová M et al
Acta Bioeng Biomech. 2018;20(4):139-144.

PURPOSE:
The effect of age on structural foot characteristics as well as on the plantar pressure distribution has been shown previously. However, the number of studies focused also on gender gait differences of elderly is lacking. The purpose of this study was to compare dynamic gait characteristic in younger and older elderly and to investigate the gender differences as the life-long load and footwear choice differ in males and females.

METHODS:
61 healthy elderly participants were divided by age and gender into four groups: males 60-69, males 70-79, females 60-69 and females 70-79 years old. Plantar pressures were recorded during barefoot walking at naturally chosen speed using Emed-at (Novel GmbH, Germany). Three steps of the left foot of each participant were used for further analysis, furthermore, hallux angle, foot progression angle, and arch index were calculated by the Emed software from obtained foot- prints. To compare the differences between the analyzed groups, effect size obtained by Cohen's d was used.

RESULTS:
Comparing the two age male groups, higher mean pressure was found in the 70-79 age group in region MH4, MH5 and mid-foot, suggesting a greater lateral load and decreased longitudinal arch of the foot. Comparing female groups, the higher mean pressure was found in the older age group in region MH1. In all other regions, the mean pressures were reduced in the older groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
The results suggest that the effect of aging on plantar pressure distribution during the gait is affected by gender and should be considered when evaluating the gait of elderly.
Click to expand...

Petcu Daniel · Dec 9, 2018

efuller said: ↑

There was a study that showed that some pressure variables were dependent on sensor size. EMED has different sensor sizes for different feet. You could develop normative data for a particular sensor, if the sensor was calibrated the same way across time. However, the data could not be use across different types of sensors.

Eric
Click to expand...

Same conclusion in: The influence of population characteristics and measurement system on barefoot plantar pressures: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis
"CONCLUSIONS:
At the level of the literature, we confirmed significant effects of disease status, age, BMI, and sex on regional peak plantar pressures. Researchers and clinicians should be aware that measurements of peak plantar pressure variables obtained from different collection equipment are not directly comparable."

NewsBot · Aug 19, 2020

The effects of gait speed on plantar pressure variables in individuals with
normal foot posture and flatfoot
Muge Kirmizi et al
Source

Purpose: It is not known how gait speed affects plantar pressure characteristics in flatfoot.
The aim was to investigate the effects of gait speed on plantar pressure variables in flatfoot by
comparing it with normal foot posture.
Methods: Thirty individuals with flatfoot and 30 individuals with normal foot posture were
recruited. Plantar pressure variables were obtained by a pressure-sensitive mat at self-selected
slow, normal, and fast speeds. All assessments were performed on the dominant foot, and
three satisfactory steps were obtained for each gait speed condition. The order of gait speeds
was randomized.
Results: In the flatfoot group, the contact area was higher in the midfoot, third metatarsal, and
hallux at all speeds, also in the second metatarsal at slow and normal speeds than the normal
foot posture group (p<0.05). The maximum force was higher in the midfoot and hallux at all
speeds in the flatfoot group (p<0.05). Also, the maximum force was lower in the first
metatarsal at normal and fast speeds, and in the lateral heel at fast speed (p<0.05). In the
flatfoot group, the peak pressure was found to be higher in the hallux at slow speed, but to be
lower in the first metatarsal at fast speed (p<0.05). Further, plantar pressure distribution was
affected by gait speed in both feet.
Conclusions: Analysis of plantar pressure variables should be performed at different gait
speeds.
Click to expand...

NewsBot · Feb 13, 2021

The effects of gait speed on plantar pressure variables in individuals with normal foot posture and flatfoot
Muge Kirmizi et al
Acta Bioeng Biomech. 2020;22(3):161-168.

Purpose: It is not known how gait speed affects plantar pressure characteristics in flatfoot. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of gait speed on plantar pressure variables in flatfoot by comparing it to normal foot posture.

Methods: Thirty individuals with flatfoot and 30 individuals with normal foot posture were recruited. Plantar pressure variables were obtained by a pressure-sensitive mat at self-selected slow, normal, and fast speeds. All assessments were performed on the dominant foot, and three satisfactory steps were obtained for each gait speed condition. The order of gait speeds was randomized.

Results: In the flatfoot group, the contact area was higher in the midfoot, third metatarsal, and hallux at all speeds, also in the second metatarsal at slow and normal speeds than the normal foot posture group ( p < 0.05). The maximum force was higher in the midfoot and hallux at all speeds in the flatfoot group ( p < 0.05). Also, the maximum force was lower in the first metatarsal at normal and fast speeds, and in the lateral heel at fast speed ( p < 0.05). In the flatfoot group, the peak pressure was found to be higher in the hallux at slow speed, but to be lower in the first metatarsal at fast speed ( p < 0.05). Further, plantar pressure distribution was affected by gait speed in both feet.

Conclusions: Analysis of plantar pressure variables should be performed at different gait speeds.
Click to expand...

NewsBot · May 18, 2021

Pedobarography in Physiotherapy: A Narrative Review on Current Knowledge
Jacek Lorkowski, Karolina Gawronska
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021 Apr 30

Pedobarography is a modern technology enabling the assessment of the locomotor system based on the plantar pressure distribution. The technic is useful in the rehabilitation of various types of dysfunction of body movement. This chapter aims to describe the application of pedobarography in clinical therapy. The qualitative analysis is based on a review of articles in English, French, German, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish, Turkish, and Chinese in Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and PEDro databases. The search covered the articles on clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and reviews published over 1984-2020. The literature shows that pedobarography is a safe non-invasive method that is useful for the examination of foot biomechanics with a reference to the entire musculoskeletal system. A pedobarographic examination enables insight into a motion disorder, its plausible relation to a systemic pathology, and monitoring the course of treatment and rehabilitation.
Click to expand...

NewsBot · May 26, 2021

Comparison of flatfeet and normal feet using data of the gait cycle, contact area, and foot pressure
Yuichi Takata et al
Data Brief. 2021 Mar 22

Although the foot is involved in load-bearing and shock absorption, foot pressure (FP), ground contact area (CA), and gait cycle (GC) in flatfeet (FF) have not been examined in detail. We aimed to analyze the influence of FF on FP, CA, and GC. We included 20 and 21 women with FF and normal feet (NF), respectively. A Footscan plantar pressure plate (RsScan International, Belgium) was used to analyze FP, CA, and GC. FP was applied to the unit area of 10 compartments. GC analysis was performed using phase-time measurements by dividing the GC into four phases. In the analysis, FP and CA were compared between the FF and NF groups. A comparison of GC was similarly performed between the two groups. The data provided in this article will be useful when designing studies on the effect of foot shape on FP, CA, and GC during gait
Click to expand...

NewsBot · Aug 22, 2021

Dynamic Characteristics of Foot Development: A Narrative Synthesis of Plantar Pressure Data During Infancy and Childhood
Eleonora Montagnani, Carina Price, Chris Nester, Stewart C Morrison
Pediatr Phys Ther. 2021 Aug 19

Purpose: Quantifying plantar pressure throughout childhood enables clinicians to enhance knowledge of typical changes in foot function. This narrative review aims to describe existing research reporting plantar pressure analysis in infants and children developing typically, to advance understanding of foot development.

Methods: A narrative approach was used; 263 articles were identified and 13 met inclusion criteria.

Results: Plantar pressures during walking rapidly change in infancy and childhood. With development, pressures increasingly resemble those in adults with the development of initial heel contact, shift in pressure distribution from medial to lateral foot side, decreasing midfoot pressure magnitude. The literature has a variety of study designs, data collection protocols, and analysis.

Conclusion: This review describes plantar pressure changes occurring as walking develops, emphasizing the typical trajectory of foot function development in infancy and childhood. The present finding describes the complex biomechanical development of foot function in typically developing infancy and childhood.
Click to expand...

NewsBot · Sep 5, 2022

Effects of walking speeds and durations on the plantar pressure gradient and pressure gradient angle
Chi-Wen Lung et al
BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022 Aug 30;23(1):823

Background: Walking exercise has been demonstrated to improve health in people with diabetes. However, it is largely unknown the influences of various walking intensities such as walking speeds and durations on dynamic plantar pressure distributions in non-diabetics and diabetics. Traditional methods ignoring time-series changes of plantar pressure patterns may not fully capture the effect of walking intensities on plantar tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of various walking intensities on the dynamic plantar pressure distributions. In this study, we introduced the peak pressure gradient (PPG) and its dynamic patterns defined as the pressure gradient angle (PGA) to quantify dynamic changes of plantar pressure distributions during walking at various intensities.

Methods: Twelve healthy participants (5 males and 7 females) were recruited in this study. The demographic data were: age, 27.1 ± 5.8 years; height, 1.7 ± 0.1 m; and weight, 63.5 ± 13.5 kg (mean ± standard deviation). An insole plantar pressure measurement system was used to measure plantar pressures during walking at three walking speeds (slow walking 1.8 mph, brisk walking 3.6 mph, and slow running 5.4 mph) for two durations (10 and 20 min). The gradient at a location is defined as the unique vector field in the two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system with a Euclidean metric. PGA was calculated by quantifying the directional variation of the instantaneous peak gradient vector during stance phase of walking. PPG and PGA were calculated in the plantar regions of the first toe, first metatarsal head, second metatarsal head, and heel at higher risk for foot ulcers. Two-way ANOVA with Fisher's post-hoc analysis was used to examine the speed and duration factors on PPG and PGA.

Results: The results showed that the walking speeds significantly affect PPG (P < 0.05) and PGA (P < 0.05), and the walking durations does not. No interaction between the walking duration and speed was observed. PPG in the first toe region after 5.4 mph for either 10 or 20 min was significantly higher than 1.8 mph. Meanwhile, after 3.6 mph for 20 min, PPG in the heel region was significantly higher than 1.8 mph. Results also indicate that PGA in the forefoot region after 3.6 mph for 20 min was significantly narrower than 1.8 mph.

Conclusions: Our findings indicate that people may walk at a slow speed at 1.8 mph for reducing PPG and preventing PGA concentrated over a small area compared to brisk walking at 3.6 mph and slow running at 5.4 mph.
Click to expand...

NewsBot · Dec 14, 2022

An investigation to determine the normal 1st to 5th metatarsal peak pressure and PTI ratio of the forefoot
R A Rajan et al
Foot (Edinb). 2022 Dec;53

Background: The foot support has been described as that of a tripod. Biomechanical studies often report on peak pressures and pressure time integrals under specific areas of the foot. Reference needs to be made to the normal tripod distribution especially in the forefoot. In the forefoot the ratio between the 1st metatarsal and the 5th metatarsal on the medial and lateral columns of the foot respectively provide an excellent reference especially if the normal ratio is known. This study provides conclusive evidence of the 1st to 5th metatarsal ratio for peak pressures and pressure time integrals in the normal foot to be used as a reference.

Methods: A group of normal healthy volunteers (n = 12) and a group of patients with unilateral end stage hallux rigidus (n = 17) were recruited. Repeated measures of 1st and 5th metatarsal peak pressures and Pressure time integrals were measured to determine reliability of measurement and to provide a reference normal ratio.

Results: In the healthy volunteer group, the 1st/5th metatarsal ratio for PTI was very close to 1 while it was just over 1.5 for peak pressure. In patients with unilateral end stage hallux rigidus, in the normal foot the 1st/5th metatarsal ratio for PP and PTI was very close to 1. These ratios were reproduced in the operated foot following 1st MTPJ replacement.

Conclusion: This study using normal healthy volunteers and patients undergoing 1st MTPJ replacement has demonstrated that the normal 1st/5th metatarsal peak pressure and pressure time integrals should be close to 1.
Click to expand...

NewsBot · May 15, 2023

In-shoe plantar pressure depends on walking speed and type of weight-bearing activity in people with diabetes at high risk of foot ulceration
Chantal M Hulshof et al
Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2023 Apr 29

Background: In evaluating therapeutic footwear, in-shoe plantar pressure is usually obtained during mid-gait steps at self-selected walking speed in a laboratory setting. However, this may not accurately represent plantar pressures or indicate the cumulative stress experienced in daily life. We investigated the effects of walking speed and different weight-bearing activities on in-shoe plantar pressure in people with diabetes at high risk of ulceration.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study including 30 participants we compared in-shoe plantar pressures between three standardized walking speeds (0.8, 0.6 and 0.4 m/s) and between walking at self-selected speed and eight other weight-bearing activities (3 components of the Timed Up and Go test, accelerating, decelerating, stair ascending and descending, and standing). Mean forefoot regional peak plantar pressure and pressure-time integral were statistically assessed per foot using linear mixed models (α < 0.05) with Holm-Bonferroni correction.

Findings: With increasing walking speed, peak pressures increased and pressure-time integrals decreased (P ≤ 0.014). Peak pressures during standing, decelerating, stair ascending and Timed Up and Go test were lower (P ≤ 0.001), and with other activities not different to walking at self-selected speed. Pressure-time integrals during stair ascending and descending were higher (P ≤ 0.001), during standing lower (P ≤ 0.009), and with other activities not different to walking at self-selected speed.

Interpretation: In-shoe plantar pressure depends on walking speed and type of weight-bearing activity. Only measuring pressures to evaluate footwear at self-selected walking speed in a laboratory setting may not accurately represent the stress on the foot in daily life of the high-risk patient; a more comprehensive assessment is suggested.
Click to expand...

NewsBot · May 22, 2023

Impact of Race, Gait Speed and Arch Height on Plantar Loading
Julia Machele Brisbane et al
Journal of Biomechanics; 20 May 2023, 111648

Diabetes is a leading cause for death in the United States, with African Americans (AA) being twice as likely to die from diabetes than White Americans (WA). AA are twice as likely to experience diabetes-related foot amputation due to foot ulcers, which are most often caused by high plantar pressure. While it is known that arch height, sex, and gait speed can impact plantar loading, there is a need to test the hypothesis that race, arch height, sex, and gait speed are significant predictors of plantar loading. To answer this question, plantar loading data was collected from 107 participants using an EMED pressure-measurement system (Novel Electronics, Inc, St Paul, MN, USA). Each participant walked barefoot at a self-selected walking pace ten times. Contact area, maximum force, and were force-time integral collected for each step on the pressure plate. A multiple linear regression was used to test if race, age, Arch Height Index (AHI), gait speed, sex assigned at birth, family history of diabetes, and Body Mass Index (BMI) significantly predicted plantar loading. Race, age, AHI, gait speed, sex, and BMI were considered significant predictor variables for plantar loading. Most importantly, race was a significant predictor of maximum force in the hallux (β=6.46, p<0.001), rearfoot (β=-6.36, p<0.001), and lateral midfoot (β=-2.72, p<0.001), and the force-time integral in the hallux (β=2.37, p<0.001), rearfoot (β=-2.14, p<0.001), and lateral midfoot (β=-0.65, p<0.001). These findings could help with understanding why AA are more likely to develop diabetic foot ulcers than WA.
Click to expand...

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

efuller MVP

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

Petcu Daniel Well-Known Member

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

Normative values for plantar pressures

Lower-limb muscle strength: normative data

Plantar heel nodules

Plantar heel nodules

Plantar pressures and bone mineral density

High prevalance of HPV in intractable plantar keratosis

Phytoterpenes for the Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis

Share This Page