Relationship between Running Speed and Initial Foot Contact Patterns

NewsBot · Feb 8, 2014

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Relationship between Running Speed and Initial Foot Contact Patterns.
Breine B, Malcolm P, Frederick EC, De Clercq D.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014 Feb 5.

PURPOSE:
This study assessed initial foot contact patterns (IFCP) in a large group of distance runners and the effect of speed on the IFCP.
METHODS:
We determined the strike index, to classify the runners in IFCP groups, at 4 speeds (3.2, 4.1, 5.1, 6.2 m[BULLET OPERATOR]s) by measuring center of pressure (COP) with a 2 m plantar pressure plate. Such a system allows a direct localization of the COP on the plantar footprint and has a low threshold value (2.7 N·cm) resulting in more accurate COP data at low ground reaction forces than when obtained from force plate.
RESULTS:
The IFCP distribution evolves from mostly initial rearfoot contact (IRFC) (82%) at 3.2 m[BULLET OPERATOR]s to more anterior foot contacts with about equal distribution of IRFC (46%) and initial midfoot or forefoot contact (IMFC+IFFC) (54%) at 6.2 m[BULLET OPERATOR]s. About 44% of the IRFC runners showed atypical COP patterns with fast anterior displacement of the COP along the lateral shoe margin. Apart from the different COP patterns, these atypical IRFC were also characterized by a significantly higher instantaneous vertical loading rate than the typical IRFC patterns.
CONCLUSION:
The IFCP distribution changes were due to intra-individual alterations in IFCP at higher speeds. That is, 45% of the runners made one or even two 'transitions' towards a more anterior IFCP (and 3% shows some other type of transition between initial foot contact styles as speed increases). Although, 52% of the runners remained with the same IFCP.
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NewsBot · Sep 21, 2016

Running Speed Can Be Predicted from Foot Contact Time during Outdoor over Ground Running.
de Ruiter C et al
PLoS One. 2016 Sep 20;11(9):e0163023. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163023.

The number of validation studies of commercially available foot pods that provide estimates of running speed is limited and these studies have been conducted under laboratory conditions. Moreover, internal data handling and algorithms used to derive speed from these pods are proprietary and thereby unclear. The present study investigates the use of foot contact time (CT) for running speed estimations, which potentially can be used in addition to the global positioning system (GPS) in situations where GPS performance is limited. CT was measured with tri axial inertial sensors attached to the feet of 14 runners, during natural over ground outdoor running, under optimized conditions for GPS. The individual relationships between running speed and CT were established during short runs at different speeds on two days. These relations were subsequently used to predict instantaneous speed during a straight line 4 km run with a single turning point halfway. Stopwatch derived speed, measured for each of 32 consecutive 125m intervals during the 4 km runs, was used as reference. Individual speed-CT relations were strong (r2 >0.96 for all trials) and consistent between days. During the 4km runs, median error (ranges) in predicted speed from CT 2.5% (5.2) was higher (P<0.05) than for GPS 1.6% (0.8). However, around the turning point and during the first and last 125m interval, error for GPS-speed increased to 5.0% (4.5) and became greater (P<0.05) than the error predicted from CT: 2.7% (4.4). Small speed fluctuations during 4km runs were adequately monitored with both methods: CT and GPS respectively explained 85% and 73% of the total speed variance during 4km runs. In conclusion, running speed estimates bases on speed-CT relations, have acceptable accuracy and could serve to backup or substitute for GPS during tarmac running on flat terrain whenever GPS performance is limited.
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