Risk factors for tinea pedis

NewsBot · Apr 18, 2014

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Occult tinea pedis in an Israeli population and predisposing factors for the acquisition of the disease.
Sakka N, Shemer A, Barzilai A, Farhi R, Daniel R.
Int J Dermatol. 2014 Apr 16.

BACKGROUND:
Tinea pedis is a commonly encountered dermatophytic infection with a clinical prevalence of 15-25%. Limited studies have evaluated the prevalence of occult tinea pedis.
OBJECTIVES:
The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of occult tinea pedis in asymptomatic subjects with feet that appeared healthy and to identify possible related risk factors.
METHODS:
A prospective study of 221 asymptomatic subjects with apparently normal feet was conducted. All subjects completed a questionnaire covering anamnestic details (personal and family histories of tinea pedis, preferred footwear) and were examined for foot odor and the clinical presence of tinea pedis and onychomycosis. Samples were taken from the foot for direct microscopic examination and culture.
RESULTS:
Among the 221 patients, 31 (14.0%) were positive for occult tinea pedis. Positive cultures from both the anterior and posterior aspects of the foot were obtained in 22 patients. The most common pathogen isolated was Trichophyton rubrum. Strong correlations emerged between occult tinea pedis and characteristics such as male gender, foot odor, previous personal and family histories of tinea pedis, and clinical and mycological evidence of onychomycosis. No significant associations were found between occult tinea pedis and age or preferred footwear.
CONCLUSIONS:
The prevalence of occult tinea pedis is similar to that of clinical tinea pedis. This may imply that patients with subclinical infection carry a risk for transmitting disease similar to that of clinical carriers. This is of great importance in the prevention and management of the disease as high-risk asymptomatic carriers can be identified.
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NewsBot · Aug 31, 2017

Prevalence, Etiology, and Risk Factors of Tinea Pedis and Tinea Unguium in Tunisia.
Toukabri N et al
Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2017;2017:6835725. doi: 10.1155/2017/683572

BACKGROUND:
Foot mycoses are a frequent disease that represents a public health problem worldwide.
OBJECTIVES:
This study aims to evaluate the epidemiology of foot mycoses among Tunisian patients, in order to determine the fungal etiological agents and to identify possible risk factors.
PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A prospective study of three hundred and ninety-two patients was undertaken during one year (2013-2014). All subjects were asked to collect demographic data related to the risk factors of foot mycoses. A complete mycological diagnosis was carried out on all patients.
RESULTS:
A total of 485 samples were collected; tinea pedis and tinea unguium were confirmed in 88.2% of cases. Dermatophytes were isolated in 70.5% and the most frequent pathogen was Trichophyton rubrum (98.1%), followed by yeasts (17.7%) commonly Candida parapsilosis. Non-dermatophyte molds (NDMs) were observed in 8.02% cases and Fusarium sp. was the frequent genus (29.1%). The main predisposing factors of fungal foot infections were practicing ritual washing (56.6%) and frequentation of communal showers (50.5%).
CONCLUSION:
This is a recent survey of foot mycoses in Tunisia. Epidemiological studies can be useful to eradicate these infections and to provide further measures of hygiene and education.
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NewsBot · Feb 17, 2018

Prevalence and Clinical Correlation of Superficial Fungal Foot Infection in Thai Naval Rating Cadets.
Ongsri P et al
Mil Med. 2018 Feb 13. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usx187.

BACKGROUND:
Superficial fungal foot infection is one of the most important dermatological diseases currently affecting military personnel. Many Thai naval rating cadets are found to suffer from superficial fungal foot infections and their sequels.

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate prevalence, potent risk factors, responding pathogens and clinical correlation of superficial fungal foot infection in Thai naval rating cadets training in Naval rating school, Sattahip, Thailand.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional study was performed in August 2015. Validated structured questionnaire was used regarding information about behaviors and clinical symptoms. Quality of life was assessed by Dermatology Quality of Life Index (DLQI) questionnaire and clinical presentation demonstrated by Athlete's foot severity score (AFSS). Laboratory investigations including direct microscopic examination and fungal culture were performed and recorded. All of the participants were informed and asked for their consent.

RESULTS:
A total of 788 Thai naval rating cadets with a mean age of 19 yr were enrolled. There were 406 (51.5%) participants suspected of fungal skin infection from questionnaire screening. After clinical examination, 303 participants (38.5%) were found to have foot lesions (AFSS ≥1). Superficial fungal foot infection was diagnosed with microscopic examination and fungal culture in 57 participants, giving a point prevalence of 7.2%. Tinea pedis was diagnosed in 54 participants with the leading causative organism being Trichophyton mentagrophytes (52.8%). Other 3 participants were diagnosed as cutaneous candidiasis. Wearing combat shoes more than 8 h was found to be a predisposing factor (p = 0.029), taking a shower less than two times a day (p = 0.008), and wearing sandals during shower (p = 0.055) was found to be protective against infection. Most fungal feet infection cases noticed their feet abnormalities (p < 0.001) including scales (p < 0.001), vesicles (p = 0.003) and maceration at interdigital web spaces (p < 0.001). Mean DLQI in superficial fungal foot infection cases was 3.35. Participants who had foot lesions (AFSS ≥1) were concerned of their foots unpleasant odor demonstrated significantly higher mean DLQI than those without odor (4.2 vs. 2.28; p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:
Superficial fungal foot infection is found as 7.2% of naval rating cadets. Wearing combat shoes more than 8 h was found to be a predisposing factor. In addition to skin manifestations including scales, vesicles, and maceration, superficial fungal foot infection also exhibited an unpleasant foot odor which affected quality of life. Self-foot-examination and life style modification should be promoted to prevent fungal infection.
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NewsBot · Jun 21, 2021

Tinea pedis - an embarrassing problem for health and beauty - a narrative review
Danuta Nowicka, Urszula Nawrot
Mycoses. 2021 Jun 18

Fungal infections present with a broad spectrum of diseases in humans (from relatively mild superficial infections of the skin and mucous membranes to the invasive or chronic infections of internal organs, which have a high mortality rate). Globally, up to 1.6 million people die each year as a result of various types of mycoses. Currently, many scientific studies focus on the best possible understanding of the aspects of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of invasive mycoses and effective methods to combat them. However, mycoses of the skin and its appendages remain a relatively less explored area. In some communities, superficial mycoses are a frequent problem as they affect nearly 70% of the population, an example of which is the athlete's foot. It involves the nails (onychomycosis) and skin (tinea pedis). It is mainly caused by keratin-decomposing dermatophyte fungi. Less often, infections are caused by non-dermatophyte moulds (Fusarium, Aspergillus, Scopulariopsis) or yeasts. Several factors have been listed as having substantial influence on the development of dermatophytosis, including those related to climate, season, geographical region, as well as to demography, socioeconomic and cultural customs, professions, or contact with animals. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge about aetiology, epidemiology, diagnostics, and therapy of tinea pedis with a special focus to the role of podologic management in spreading, prevention, and therapy of mycoses. The article presents up-to-date knowledge on the management of the patient from the diagnosis, treatment, and skincare, to counselling on how to prevent fungal skin infections in the long term.
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NewsBot · Aug 24, 2022

Tinea Pedis in Underrepresented Groups: An All of Us Database Analysis
Isabelle Moseley et al
Mycoses. 2022 Aug 23

Background: Tinea pedis is the most common form of dermatophytosis resulting in interdigital infections. All of Us (AoU) is a National Institute of Health initiative with an emphasis on patient populations traditionally underrepresented in biomedical research.

Objectives: Our objective was to evaluate the burden of tinea pedis in underrepresented groups in the United States, utilizing the novel AoU research program.

Methods: We analyzed AoU Registered Tier dataset version 5, which includes data collected between May 30, 2017 and April 1, 2021. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis linking survey and electronic health record (EHR) data to estimate the prevalence of tinea pedis in underrepresented groups.

Results: AoU data release includes 329,038 participants. Of these, 251,597 (76.5%) had electronic health record data and 6,932 had tinea pedis (overall prevalence, 2.76%; 95% CI, 2.69-2.82). Multivariate analyses revealed that, compared with White participants, Black and Hispanic participants had a higher adjusted odds of tinea pedis (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.20-1.38 and OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.28-1.48, respectively). Higher adjusted odds of tinea pedis were observed in underrepresented groups defined by: age >=75 years (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.33-1.57), LGBTQ status (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.09-1.27), less than a high school education (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.11-1.34), income <$35 000 (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02-1.16), and physical disability (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.08-1.24).

Conclusions: Our findings are consistent with overall age, and gender-specific prevalence estimates from prior epidemiologic studies, validating the scientific consistency of the new AoU database. Additionally, there may be an increased burden of tinea pedis among Black and Hispanic individuals.
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