Serum magnesium levels and diabetic foot ulcers

NewsBot · Jun 8, 2012

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From the 2012 ADA Mtg:
Serum Magnesium Levels Are Significantly Correlated with the Severity of Inflammation in Patients with Diabetic Foot
SALIM OZENC, SIRZAT YESILKAYA, MUSTAFA CAKAR, EROL ARSLAN, SEREF DEMIRBAS, BAYRAM KOÇ, KENAN SAGLAM

Hypomagnesemia is not an uncommon finding in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. It is associated with abnormal platelet action and the development of neuropathy, both of which are risk factors for the evolution of ulcers of the feet. A lately suggested data from animal studies shows that during chronic hypomagnesemia, loss of neutral endopeptidase activity contributes to neutrophil activation. In another, high CRP levels were found associted with lower magnesium levels in healthy groups. We aimed to investigate the correlation between serum magnesium levels and indicators of inflammation in diabetic foot patients.
Our study was made on the total of 88 patients; 57 diabetic foot patients and 31 controls. Median age of patient and control groups was 64 and 51, respectively. 25.8 % (n = 7) of controls and 17.5 % (n=10) of patient group were female. Wagner grade of the patient’s foot ulcers were grade 2 on 18 patients and grade 1, 3 and 4 on each 13 patients. Serum magnesium levels of diabetic foot patients (median:1,92 mmol/l) were significantly lower than controls (median:2.1 mmol/l) (p<0.05). Sedimentation levels of diabetic foot ulcer patients (median: 38 mm/hr) were significantly higher than controls (median: 14 mm/hr)(p<0.05). Serum CRP levels of diabetic foot patients (median: 18.0 mg/l) were significantly higher than controls (median: 13.8 mg/l)(p<0.05). On Pearson correlation analysis, there was a significant negative correlation between serum magnesium levels and serum CRP levels of the patient group (p<0.05).
Serum magnesium depletion is present and shows a relationship with development of ulcers in subjects with type 2 diabetes. It has lately been proposed that severe hypomagnesemia is associated with low grade inflammation in metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular inflammation. In the literature, to our knowledge, our study is the first to say that serum magnesium levels are significantly associated with serum CRP levels in diabetic foot patients
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NewsBot · Feb 20, 2014

Low serum magnesium levels and diabetic foot ulcers.
Ozgür Keşkek S1, Kırım S2, Karaca A3, Saler T4.
Pak J Med Sci. 2013 Nov;29(6):1329-33.

Objective: Magnesium plays an important role in glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum magnesium levels and diabetic foot ulcers.

Methods: A total of 147 subjects were included in this study. The participants were divided into three groups, including a study group of 49 patients with diabetes and foot ulcers, a control group of patients with diabetes without foot ulcers and a control group of 49 healthy subjects. Measurements and comparisons were made of the participants' magnesium levels, HBA1C percentages, serum fasting glucose levels, creatinine levels and serum lipid levels for all groups. MedCalc version 12.0 (MedCalc, Turkey) was used for the statistical analysis.

Results: The groups were similar in terms of age and sex (p=0.116 and 0.897, respectively). The magnesium levels of the patients with diabetes and foot ulcers were lower than those in the patients with diabetes without foot ulcers and the healthy subjects (p<0.001). There was a strong relationship between the serum magnesium levels and the incidence of diabetic foot ulcers (OR 5.9, Cl 95% 2.7-12.6, p<0.001).

Conclusions: A low serum magnesium level is associated with diabetic foot ulcers. Therefore, the magnesium levels should be controlled in patients with diabetes (with or without foot ulcers) and magnesium supplementation can be a complimentary treatment in such cases.
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NewsBot · Mar 11, 2018

Assessment of Serum Magnesium Level in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Diabetic Foot Ulcers (Grade I and II) at Nawabshah, Pakistan
Anwar Ali Jamali et al
IJCM> Vol.9 No.2, February 2018

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder increasing morbidity and mortality worldwide, which needs exact identification and proper management. Aim of this study was to analyze the serum Mg (magnesium) level in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with grade I & II diabetic foot ulcers. This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at Medicine Department, PMCH Nawabshah from June 2015 to December 2016. A total of 110 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with foot ulcer patients, 51 with grade I and 59 with grade II out of total were included by purposive sampling. After consultation, subjects were categorized as gender, age, Type 2 DM and foot ulcer duration, foot ulcer grading and grouping for analyses. Wagner’s classification of diabetic foot ulcers used to analyze the data and blood samples were collected for research purpose in fasting state for serum Magnesium level analyses. Out of 110, 67 (65.5%) males and 43 (34.5%) females were reported with Type 2 diabetic patients. Hypomagnesaemia was reported in 59% patients out of total, 24 found with grade I and 38 found with grade II from the studied subjects. P value ≤ 0.000 was in the studied population in relation to hypomagnesaemia. In conclusion, Hypomagnesaemia is common in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients with grade I & II foot ulcers. As the duration of Diabetes along with duration of diabetic foot ulcer in Grade I and II increases, the level of serum magnesium decreases. As the duration of Diabetes Mellitus increases, the severity of complications might also increase.
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NewsBot · Oct 21, 2018

A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SERUM MAGNESIUM
LEVELS AND DIABETIC FOOT ULCER GRADES.
SATHYAMOOR THY KARUPPIAH et al
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

BACKGROUND: e background for choosing hypomagnesimia for my study inspite of many other electrolyte dearrangements encountered
in Type II Diabetes is that hypomagnesimia is an important factor that alters diabetic foot related complications. Hypomagnesaemia has been
described to occur with amplified incidence in patients with type II diabetes mellitus .Magnesium is well-known to be essential for nerve
conduction; insufficiency is well-known to cause peripheral neuropathy symptoms and studies propose that a deficit in magnesium could
deteriorate blood glucose control in type II diabetes. Researchers rely on that a deficit of magnesium interferes insulin excretion in the
pancreas and upsurges insulin resistance in the bodys tissues.
Methods:is study conducted in 105 patients who are admitted Department of General Surgery in Government Dharmapuri Medical College
Hospital, Dharmapuri , Tamil Nadu in between JAN 2016 and DEC 2016 with Type II DM with diabetic foot are studied.
A detailed history and clinical examination is recorded in all study groups
Diabetic foot ulcers are graded using Wagner classification.Venous blood sample collected after overnight fasting in all diabetic foot patients
for serum magnesium . Serum magnesium level done by using colorimetric method. Serum magnesium level correlated with various grades of
diabetic foot ulcer.
AIM OF THE STUDY: e aim of this study is to findout the relationship between level of serum magnesium and diabetic foot ulcer grades.
RESULTS:Hypomagnesaemia is a one of the most important contributing factor in diabetic foot patients. is study shows that there is a
relationship between the level of magnesium and severity of diabetic foot ulcer
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NewsBot · Oct 6, 2020

A study of magnesium therapy in diabetic foot care
Dr. Harish Nayak Pangal and Dr. Prashanth Kumar K
International Journal of Surgery Science 2020; 4(3): 279-280

Background: Diabetes has been reported more in the last two decades probably because of the reach of
primary health centers in our country. Yet this disease represents only the tip of iceberg of its actual size.
This disease has been surprising us from a very long time and the more we know the more questions it
throws at us. One such recent study suggests that magnesium supplementation helps in diabetics. This has
been proved but does it help in controlling in diabetic foot disease is the question. This paper puts in an
effort to find the answer.
Methods: Totally thirty patients were selected in the Department of General surgery who were admitted
for diabetic foot. They were divided into two groups of fifteen each randomly and group 1 was given
magnesium supplementation along with standard diabetic foot care and the other group was given only
standard diabetic foot care. After a month the patients response to the same were compared.
Result: The patients in group 1 were benefitted and so the treatment was also offered to further patients.
Conclusion: Magnesium therapy has a advantage in addition to the standard diabetic foot care.
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