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Technical Report:
The Effects of a Carbon Fiber Shoe Insert
on Athletic Performance in Collegiate Athletes
Robert W. Gregory, Ph.D., Robert S. Axtell, Ph.D.,
Marc I. Robertson, D.P.T., and William R. Lunn, Ph.D.
Human Performance Laboratory, Exercise Science Department
Submitted: February 13, 2017
Summary
The use of a carbon fiber shoe insert can improve performance in the 40-yard sprint and vertical
jump. In the vertical jump, jump height increased by 2.6 cm (4.1%) in a group of 28 participants.
These results are similar to those found by Stefanyshyn & Nigg (2000) when using carbon fiber
plates inserted into shoe midsoles. In addition, all of the biomechanical variables measured
during the vertical jump (maximal force, impulse, rate of force development, total work, average
power, and maximal power) increased between 2.0-7.6% when using a CF shoe insert compared
to a standard shoe insert. However, it should be noted that these increases were observed in the
optimal CF shoe insert condition for each individual. When analyzing the performance of the 40-
yard sprint, the 0-10 yard and 20-40 yard split times both improved by 1.6% and 1.3%,
respectively. These performance improvements are similar to the 1.2% improvement in 20-40
yard split times observed by Stefanyshyn & Fusco (2004) in a group of 34 male and female
sprinters. In addition, all of the biomechanical variables measured during the 40-yard sprint
(maximal force, rate of force development, and maximal power) increased between 1.6-9.3%
when using a CF shoe insert compared to a standard shoe insert.
It is imperative that an athlete choose the correct CF shoe insert flex to benefit from these
improvements in performance. An athlete cannot use a carbon fiber shoe insert of random
stiffness and expect to experience performance improvement; instead, the athlete must choose
the correct flex that matches his/her body weight and movement biomechanics. Similar to the
conclusions of Stefanyshyn & Fusco (2004), it is speculated that individual differences in
technique as well as the length-tension and force-velocity relationships of the calf musculature
may influence the appropriate CF shoe insert stiffness for each athlete to obtain their maximal
performance.
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Full report (pdf)