Effects of the Short Foot Exercise

NewsBot · Jul 24, 2022

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The effects of short foot exercises to treat flat foot deformity: A systematic review
Hara, Shigeyukia | Kitano, Masashib | Kudo, Shintaroub
Journal: Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2022

BACKGROUND:
Studies on the effects of performing short foot exercises (SFEs) on the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) have been inconclusive.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the effects of SFEs.

METHODS:
‘SFE’ and ‘intrinsic foot muscle’ were keywords used to search for randomized controlled trials. One researcher screened relevant articles based on their titles and abstracts, and two independent researchers closely read the texts, accepting nine studies for inclusion. Outcomes, intervention duration, frequency, and the number of interventions were investigated.

RESULTS:
Of 299 potential studies identified, the titles and abstracts of 211 studies were reviewed, and 192 were excluded. The full texts of 21 studies were obtained and evaluated according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Six studies concerning the MLA were identified, with four reporting MLA improvement. There was no consensus concerning the number and frequency of SFEs performed, and the mechanism of MLA improvement was unclear. MLA improvement was observed in participants who undertook ⩾ 5 weeks of interventions.

CONCLUSIONS:
The results suggest that performing SFEs for ⩾ 5 weeks is effective in improving the MLA. Randomized controlled trials with details concerning the number and frequency of treatments are required.
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NewsBot · Jul 24, 2022

Related:
Other threads tagged with short foot exercise

NewsBot · Oct 14, 2022

Effects of the Short-Foot Exercise on Foot Alignment and Muscle Hypertrophy in Flatfoot Individuals: A Meta-Analysis
Ching Huang et al
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Sep 22;19(19

This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to examine the effects of the short-foot exercise (SFE) compared to foot orthosis or other types of interventions. Eligibility criteria involved participants with flatfoot engaging in the SFE compared to other forms of intervention or control groups without specific intervention. Relevant studies published before the end of June 2022 were identified from databases. A meta-analysis was performed by calculating the mean differences (MD) and standard MD (SMD) using the random effects model. Six trials with 201 patients (out of 609 records) that met selection criteria were reviewed. Five of the six trials implemented distinct interventions in the control group such as shoe insoles and muscle strengthening exercises, while in the remaining trial, controls received no intervention. The SFE group significantly reduced the navicular drop test (NDT) values (MD: -0.23; 95% confidence interval: -0.45 to -0.02; p = 0.04) and the foot posture index (FPI-6) score (MD: -0.67; 95% confidence interval: -0.98 to -0.36; p < 0.0001) when compared to the control group. The muscle hypertrophy did not differ significantly between the groups. The SFE may contribute more benefits than other intervention as it affects flatfoot individuals' foot alignment. Hence, the SFE is recommended as a beneficial dynamic support when facing flatfoot problems.
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NewsBot · Jun 27, 2023

Effects of short foot exercise combined with lower extremity training on dynamic foot function in individuals with flexible flatfoot: A randomized controlled trial
Nalut Utsahachant et al
Gait & Posture; Volume 104, July 2023, Pages 109-115

Background
Flexible flatfoot has demonstrated biomechanical linkages between distal and proximal lower extremities. However, supporting evidence is required to investigate the benefits of short foot exercise (SF) and short foot exercise in combination with lower extremity training (SFLE) on dynamic foot function.

Research question
This study aimed to determine the effects of a 6-week SF, 6-week SFLE, or control condition (no intervention) on dynamic foot function during gait in individuals with flexible flatfoot.

Methods
Forty-five individuals with flexible flatfoot were randomly assigned into three conditions: (1) SF, (2) SFLE, and (3) control conditions. Participants in two intervention programs performed daily training via telerehabilitation and a home-based exercise program. Foot kinematics and center of pressure excursion index (CPEI) during the gait, intrinsic foot muscle test, and navicular drop test were assessed at baseline and after the 6-week intervention program.

Results
Post-intervention participants in the SF and SFLE conditions showed a shorter time to the lowest medial longitudinal arch (MLA) and improved MLA motion during the stance phase compared with the baseline. In addition, participants in the SFLE conditions showed greater changes in CPEI than in the SF and control conditions. Improvements in intrinsic foot muscle and navicular drop tests were also observed in participants in both intervention programs post-intervention.

Significance
A major finding of the study was the improvement in dynamic foot function during gait in individuals with flexible flatfoot after the six weeks of the SF and SFLE intervention programs. Both intervention programs appear to have the potential for inclusion in a corrective program for individuals with flexible flatfoot.
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NewsBot · Oct 31, 2023

Efficacy of Faradic Foot Baths and Short Foot
Exercises in Symptomatic Flatfoot: A Review
Anushri R. Patil et al
Cureus

Flatfoot is a common condition among adults, according to orthopedic experts. Flatfoot is defined in this
document as a foot condition that occurs after the completion of skeletal growth and is characterized by
either partial or complete reduction of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA). The purpose of this study was to
evaluate the effects of short foot exercise (SFE) and faradic foot baths on people who have flat feet. This
review focused on comprehensive original primary articles written in English. Numerous studies have been
conducted in order to determine the effects of both interventions. The search yielded a wide range of papers,
including editorials, review articles, freely available full texts, and abstracts. The results showed that both
SFE and faradic foot baths effectively improved flat feet.
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NewsBot · Dec 28, 2023

Effect of short-foot exercise on adult flatfoot: a systematic review
Zhongqi YU; Chao WANG; Gang HE; Liang ZHANG; Ruiyan WANG.
Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice ; (12): 551-557, 2023.

ObjectiveTo systematically review the effects of short-foot exercise on adult flatfoot. MethodsArticles related to short-foot exercise for flatfoot were searched from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, CNKI, Wanfang Data and CBM, from January, 2010 to December, 2022. The methodological quality was evaluated with the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, and the relevant data were extracted. ResultsTen randomized controlled trials were included, involved 335 individuals. The mean score of the PEDro scale was 7.1. Short-foot exercise improved the navicular drop, posture index score, balance and cross-sectional area of abductor hallucis muscle for patients with flatfoot, but plantar pressure. ConclusionShort-foot exercise can improve the foot structure, balance and adductor hallucis muscle in adult flatfoot, but plantar pressure.
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NewsBot · Jan 18, 2024

Effects of short foot exercises with ultrasound bio-feedback on motor learning and foot alignment: A double blinded randomized control trial
Shintarou Kudo et al
J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2023 Dec 13

Background: Short foot exercises (SFE) take a long time to master and require a feedback tool to improve motor learning.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of bio-feedback of talonavicular joint movements in learning SFE with ultrasound (US) imaging.

Methods: This study included thirty-one healthy volunteers and was designed as a double-blind randomized control trial. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the control group, which performed SFE under verbal instruction, and the US bio-feedback (USBF) group, which performed SFE with real-time bio-feedback of the talonavicular joint alignment. All subjects underwent two sessions of 5 minutes each, and SFE was performed as a self-exercise, between sessions, for one week. The difference in foot length and navicular height were assessed at baseline, after Session 1, before Session 2, and one week after Session 2. These differences were compared between the two groups using the Mann-Whitney U test.

Results: In terms of navicular height change, the USBF group (7.5 ± 4.3 mm) was significantly higher than the control group (4.2 ± 3.3 mm) one week after session 2 (p= 0.04, effect size = 0.86).
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NewsBot · Feb 26, 2024

Effectiveness of Jumping Rope Exercise Verses Short Foot Exercise on Pain and Quality of Life for Subjects with Flat Foot.
Preethi K.; Kamalakannan M.; Anitha A.; Ramana K.
Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy, 2024, Vol 18, p725

Background: Pes planus, commonly known as flat foot, is a deformity that leads to the collapse of the medial longitudinal arch and flattening of the foot against the ground. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of jumping rope exercise and short foot exercise on pain reduction and improvement in quality of life for patients with flatfoot. Purpose: To find out the effect of Jumping rope exercise versus short foot exercise among individuals with flatfoot. Method: A sample of 30 participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for the study. They were divided into two groups: the jumping rope exercise group with ultrasound (n=15) and the short foot exercise group with ultrasound (n=15). The interventions were administered five times a week for three weeks. The entire process was performed from November 2022 to April 2023. Outcome measure: The navicular drop test (NDT) was used to measure the degree of foot pronation, the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) was employed to assess pain levels, and the Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ) was utilized to evaluate participants' quality of life. Results: The mean value of the jumping rope exercise group at the post-test was significantly higher than that of the short foot exercise group, with a p-value of <0.0001 Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that jumping rope exercise with ultrasound therapy yields superior outcomes in managing Pes Planus compared to short foot exercise.
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NewsBot · Feb 28, 2024

This clinical trial has just been registered:
Effectiveness of Short-Foot Exercises in Water and on Land in Pes Planus

Pes planus is caused by the elongation of the intrinsic muscles in the medial arch of the foot, causing the arch to approach the ground or the sole of the foot to touch the ground completely.
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NewsBot · Apr 24, 2024

Effect of short foot exercise on lower-limb motor control function during single-leg standing in university students with flatfoot: A randomized controlled trial
Misaki Suzuki et al
Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies; Volume 39, July 2024, Pages 293-298

Introduction
Intrinsic foot muscles (IFMs) play an important role in lower-limb motor control, including biomechanics and neuromuscular control function. Short foot exercise (SFE) and toe curl exercise (TC) are methods used to train the IFMs, but their effect on lower-limb motor control has not been reported in previous studies. This study evaluated the effects of SFE and TC on lower-limb motor control function during single-leg standing (SLS).

Trial design
Randomized control trial.

Method
Thirty-six participants with flatfoot were randomly assigned to the SFE or TC group and performed exercise for 8 weeks. The assessment items were navicular drop test, toe grip strength (TGS), plantar sensation, and SLS. In the SLS assessment, we measured the mean center of pressure (COP) amplitude in the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions, onset time of gluteus maximus (G. max) and gluteus medius (G. med), angle of forefoot/hindfoot protonation and hip adduction, and lateral pelvic shift. Mixed-model repeated-measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni corrections were performed in statistical analysis.

Results
The SFE group showed significant differences between pre- and post-intervention for TGS (p < 0.001), COP ML (p = 0.039), and onset times of G. max (p = 0.015), and G. med (p < 0.001). The TC group showed no significant differences in all assessment items.

Conclusion
Our finding suggests that SFE contributes to lower neuromuscular control function in people with flatfoot.
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NewsBot · May 21, 2024

Comparison of Foot Muscle Activity During Short Foot and Toe Spread-out Exercises in Different Weight Bearing Conditions in Individuals With Pes Planus
( Hyun-ji Lee ) , ( Sae-hwa Kim ) , ( Seung-min Baik ) , ( Heon-seock Cynn )
Source

Background: Individuals with pes planus tend to overuse the extrinsic foot muscles, such as the tibialis anterior (TA) and peroneus longus (PL), to compensate for the weakened intrinsic foot muscles, such as the abductor hallucis (AbdH). Furthermore, differences in weight-bearing can affect the activity of muscles in both the intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles. To date, no study has compared the effects of the short foot exercise (SFE) and toe spread-out exercise (TSO) on intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscle activity and the corresponding ratios in different weight-bearing positions. Objects: To compare the effects of the SFE and TSO on AbdH, TA, and PL activity and the AbdH/TA and AbdH/PL activity ratios in the sitting and standing positions in individuals with pes planus. Methods: Twenty participants with pes planus were recruited. Surface electromyography was used to assess the amplitudes of AbdH, TA, and PL activity. Participants performed both exercises while adopting both the sitting and standing positions. Results: No significant interaction between exercise and position was found regarding the activity of any muscle or ratio of the activity, except for PL activity. We observed a significant increase in AbdH activity during the TSO compared to the SFE, and no significant difference in TA and PL activity between the two exercises. AbdH, TA, and PL activity were significantly higher in the standing position than in the sitting position. Furthermore, the AbdH/PL activity ratio significantly increased in the sitting position, although there was a significant increase in AbdH activity in the standing position. Conclusion: In individuals with pes planus, we recommend performing the TSO in the sitting position, which may increase the activity of the AbdH while concurrently decreasing the activity of the TA and PL, thus strengthening the AbdH.
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NewsBot · Jun 15, 2024

A comparison of abductor hallucis muscle activation and medial longitudinal arch angle during nine different foot exercises
Mai Katakura et al
Gait & Posture; 12 June 2024

Highlights
•Abductor hallicus longus activated in single leg swing without lengthy practice
•The minimum longitudinal arch angle was larger in standing than in sitting
•Standing single leg swing may be effective exercise for foot intrinsic muscles
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Background
Intrinsic foot muscles are known to support the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) and stabilize the foot, and they are activated with weight bearing and increased postural demand. Various types of intrinsic foot muscle training have been reported, but one of the most useful of these, the short foot exercise, is challenging to perform effectively and requires practice, making it difficult to implement in ordinary clinical settings.

Research question
What are the differences in abductor hallucis longus (ABH) muscle activity and MLA angle during intrinsic foot muscle exercises that employ weight bearing and balancing conditions when they are performed with minimal practice?

Methods
Sixteen healthy volunteers performed nine different intrinsic foot muscle exercises, practiced once or twice. The exercises consisted of toe curl, short foot without pushing, short foot with pushing and toe spread exercises in sitting and standing positions, and single leg swing in a standing position. Each exercise was performed three times for five seconds. The activities of the ABH muscles were measured using surface electromyographic (EMG) sensors and the MLA angles during the exercises were captured using an optical motion tracking system. The integrals of the ABH EMG signals were calculated.

Results
Differences in the integral and maximum of the ABH EMG signal were found between the exercises (p < 0.001). Post-hoc pair-wise analysis revealed that the EMG activity was larger during the swing exercise than in exercises other than toe spread, both in sitting and standing positions, and short foot exercise with pushing while standing. The minimum MLA angle during each exercise was smaller for the toe spread exercise in a sitting position than other exercises (p < 0.023).

Significance
A single leg swing exercise may be effective for self-exercise of intrinsic foot muscles, particularly when intensive supervised physiotherapy is not possible.
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scotfoot · Jun 16, 2024

NewsBot said: ↑

A comparison of abductor hallucis muscle activation and medial longitudinal arch angle during nine different foot exercises
Mai Katakura et al
Gait & Posture; 12 June 2024
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Activating the abductor hallucis.
The image below shows doming with an inelastic strap across the top of the foot. If you are not fatiguing the muscle then you are not effectively targeting it.

How long would you have to stand and swing your free leg backwards and forwards before you felt the "muscle burn" under the standing foot? I think you would find other muscles fatiguing long before the abductor hallucis.

Footballers take note though. The intrinsics in the standing foot are clearly an important part of providing a stable base for accurate shooting/passing.

Effects of the Short Foot Exercise

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scotfoot Well-Known Member

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Effects of the Short Foot Exercise

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scotfoot Well-Known Member

The Short-Term Effects of Treating Plantar Fasciitis With a Temporary Custom Foot Orthosis and Stret

Immediate and Short-Term Effects of Short- and Long-Duration Isometric Contractions in Patellar Tend

Effects of short or long warm-up on running performance.

Effects of Biomimetic Shoes on Healthy Young Children's Gait

Effects of Diuretics on Foot Edema in Patients with Cancer

Side effects of gel nail polish

Effects of Limitation of Movement of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint

Share This Page

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