Video gait analaysis can detect injuried vs non-injured runners

NewsBot · May 29, 2019

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Two-dimensional video analysis can discriminate differences in running kinematics between recreational runners with and without running-related knee injury
BartDingenen et al
Physical Therapy in Sport; 28 May 2019

HIGHLIGHTS
•2D video analysis discriminates runners with and without running-related knee injury.
•Injured runners ran with greater contralateral pelvic drop at midstance.
•Injured runners ran with greater femoral and hip adduction at midstance.
•Injured runners ran with smaller foot inclination at initial contact.
•It is impossible to conclude whether the findings are the cause or result of injury.
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Objectives
To determine whether two-dimensional video analysis could discriminate running kinematics between recreational runners with and without a running-related knee injury.

Design
Case-control

Setting
Research laboratory

Participants
Forty-two recreational runners (5 male-13 female injured; 7 male-17 female non-injured). Running-related knee injury was defined as the presence of anterior or lateral knee pain, resulting in altered running activity for at least one week.

Main Outcome Measures
Foot and tibia inclination at initial contact, and lateral trunk position, contralateral pelvic drop, femoral adduction, hip adduction, knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion at midstance were measured with two-dimensional video analysis during running. Participant characteristics (sex, age, body weight, body length, body mass index, running volume before injury, running speed) and two-dimensional measured angles were compared between groups.

Results
No significant differences in participant characteristics between groups were identified (P>.05). The injured group ran with greater contralateral pelvic drop (P=.035), femoral adduction (P=.021) and hip adduction (P=.001) at midstance, and significantly smaller foot inclination at initial contact (P=.031).

Conclusion
Two-dimensional video analysis can discriminate kinematics between runners with and without running-related knee injury. Greater contralateral pelvic drop, femoral adduction and hip adduction at midstance may provide running retraining targets for runners with running-related knee injury.
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NewsBot · May 3, 2022

Reliability of 2-Dimensional Video Analysis in Adolescent Runners
Yukiko Matsuzaki, PT, DPT, OCS, SCS, Madison R. Heath, BS, Julianne M. Khan, PT, DPT, SCS, ...
HSS Journal®: The Musculoskeletal Journal of Hospital for Special Surgery March 18, 2022

Background:
The literature on the reliability of qualitative and quantitative measures for running video analysis in the adolescent population is limited. Reliability of 2-dimensional (2D) video analysis has been reported in adult runners, but these findings may not apply to youth runners.

Purpose:
We sought to determine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of sagittal and frontal plane kinematics using 2D video analysis in healthy adolescent runners.

Methods:
High-definition (1080p) videos were recorded of 10 healthy runners between 14 and 18 years old running on a treadmill at self-selected speed with markers attached to the cervical spine, pelvis, and lower extremities. Kinematic variables in the sagittal and frontal planes were measured using Dartfish Motion Analysis Software by 3 raters (2 sports medicine physical therapists and a research assistant). Intra- and inter-rater reliability were calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).

Results:
Of the 10 runners, 4 (40%) were male and the mean age was 16 ± 1.5 years. The intra-rater ICC for all kinematic variables ranged from 0.574 to 0.999 for the experienced physical therapist, and 0.367 to 0.973 for the inexperienced research assistant. The inter-rater ICC for all raters ranged from −0.01 to 0.941. Eleven kinematic variables showed substantial agreement and 4 showed almost perfect agreement. Step width and foot progression showed fair and poor agreement, respectively.

Conclusions:
Running analysis using 2D video can be performed reliably in adolescents on all kinematic variables except for step width and foot progression. Inexperienced raters can be properly trained in the video analysis of running kinematics to consistently assess the same runner.
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NewsBot · Jul 31, 2022

COMPARISON OF REARFOOT INVERSION ANGLE AT INITIAL FOOTSTRIKE
MEASURED FROM FRONT AND BACK VIEW VIDEOS
Muhammad Nur Shahril Iskandar et al
40th International Society of Biomechanics in Sports Conference, Liverpool, UK: July 19-23, 2022

Crossover running gait patterns can obstruct the measurement of 2D rearfoot inversion angle
typically determined from back view video recordings. This study aimed to compare the
rearfoot inversion angle at the initial footstrike of running measured from front and back
camera views. Twenty healthy female runners were recruited and 2D kinematic analysis was
employed to analyse 7 consecutive gait cycles. Rearfoot inversion angles measured from
both front and back camera views were compared using paired t-test. Results showed that 6
participants (30%) displayed a crossover gait. There was a significant difference between the
front (11.7° [10.1°, 13.3°]) and back (7.2° [4.7°, 9.8°]) camera views (p < 0.001, d = 0.883).
This indicates rearfoot inversion angle measured from the front and back camera views
cannot be used interchangeably. While the method offers a possibility to measure rearfoot
inversion angle from the front view, the results cannot be directly compared to those obtained
from the back camera view. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that rearfoot inversion
angle at the initial footstrike could be quantified from front view videos for runners with
crossover gait.
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NewsBot · Aug 2, 2023

Crossover gait in running and measuring foot inversion angle at initial foot strike: a front-view video analysis approach
Muhammad Nur Shahril Iskandar et al
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023 Jul 14

Introduction: Foot inversion angle at initial foot strike is associated with various running-related injuries. Traditionally, video analysis of foot inversion angle has been accomplished by positioning a camera to record from the back view, but complications arise when a crossover gait obscures the area of measurement. This study aims to investigate the viability of measuring foot inversion angles at initial foot strike of running from the front view as an alternative to using the back view in 2D video analysis. Methods: Forty-four healthy runners (20 females, 24 males) ran at their self-selected speeds on a treadmill with their gait recorded from front and back camera views. Foot inversion angles at initial foot strike were analyzed using Kinovea. A 2 × 2 (Camera × Foot) ANOVA with repeated measures was performed on the foot inversion angle data. Subsequently, correlation and linear regression were performed to determine the relationship between the back and front-view measurements. Results: Thirteen runners (29.5%) displayed crossover gait within 18 gait cycles. ANOVA revealed a significant main effect on Camera (p < .001) only, where foot inversion angle was greater from the front camera view. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the front and back camera views (r = 0.388, p < .001). Regression analyses yielded an equation,
y
= 0.42 + 0.53
x
, where
y
and
x
were the foot inversion angle measured from the back and front camera views, respectively. Discussion: With a linear regression conversion equation, front-view foot inversion angles at initial foot strike can be used to determine rearfoot inversion angles when crossover gait obstructs the back camera view.
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NewsBot · Jan 8, 2024

Introduction to running analysis in the clinical setting: A masterclass
Nicholas Tripodi et al
International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine; 27 December 2023, 100698

Running is a widely-adopted exercise modality, with relatively low financial barriers to access, and is associated with a host of health benefits. However, with this high participation rate, comes a high risk of running related injury (RRI)—with rates of up to 85 % being reported. There are many drivers of RRI such as training load, genetic and anthropometric factors, with biomechanical factors being an important consideration also. Traditionally, biomechanical gait analysis was only able to be performed in expensive specialised 3D gait laboratories. However, since the introduction of smart devices and apps, 2D gait analysis is now an accessible tool to any musculoskeletal clinician. Despite the high availability of these technologies in practice, there is currently a lack of resources for proper application and training in clinical gait analysis. Therefore, the aim of this masterclass is to provide an easy to understand, and apply guide to 2D biomechanical running analysis and running retraining in routine clinical practice.
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