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Do Compression Socks Really Work?
Related Thread:
Compression garments and recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage
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Re: Do Compression Socks for Runners Really Work?
I personally feel the compression tights (i.e. Skins) are next to useless as far as the intended claims are - they keep your legs a bit warmer but that's about it. However, the later Skins tights are better than earlier varieties as they have more sewn compartments which does make them more compressing/constrictive (for want of a better term/s) - but still doubtful about true physiological benefits - particularly withstanding/controlling the degree of muscle vibration whilst running (more so with faster running).
The compression socks are much more compressing (quite hard to get on actually). Recently brought a pair (2XU variety) due to my Soleus being irritated from a massage session (another story in itself :mad: - I do my own massage from now on). Whilst these garments are much more constrictive (as advertised - have "maximum muscle containment") than full length tights - I'm still wary about the physiological claims. Albeit, I haven't put them through their paces via a hard training bout as yet i.e. hill or speed session. Despite the lack of evidence at this stage, I'll try to attain some optimism about them ;). -
Re: Do Compression Socks for Runners Really Work?
Did some research in some of the claims, was having a discussion with jamie fuller, while the companies claim greater oxygen uptake of muscles and incraesed performance, independent research says otherwise. A bit like MTB.
Recovery is a whole different thing, and compression has been shown to aid.
interesting to note the UCI ie the international cycling federation has banned compression materials except socks.
not sure about the IAAF -
Re: Do Compression Socks for Runners Really Work?
Had an intern do a lit review on this a couple of years ago. There was solid evidence regarding improved recovery, and I believe with increased oxygen uptake as well, but necessarily improved performance.
The take home message with research and real evidence regarding compression garments is that it is almost impossible to create a standardized compression from one person to the next. Any given size compression garment can result in grossly different quantities, and locations, of compression, depending on the volume, tissues and morphology of the body segment that the garment encompasses.
To be able to approach any kind of reasonable reliability or validity, each garment would have to be custom made for each individual, with the ability to accurately measure compression and graduation of compression throughout the garment. While there are commercial companies that make custom garments, even for sport, it is still a very difficult variable to nail down, and therefore test.-
Bad Spelling x 1 - List
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Re: Do Compression Socks for Runners Really Work?
From latest Podiatry Today:
What Do Graduated Compression Stockings Really Do For Runners? -
Re: Do Compression Socks for Runners Really Work?
A healthy plant based diet will help with optimal "blood flow" & "recovery" (no, not pushing an agenda)... with educated (activity specific) training principles to improve strength (core & plyometric work) & efficiency. It seems you just can't put aside tried & tested discipline & hard work (as well as exercising that 'muscle' between the ears) when it comes to (legal) "improved performance"... despite the supposed (advertised) advancement of ergogenic aids.
However, like I said before...
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The influence of compression garments on recovery following Marathon running
Hill, Jessica; Howatson, Glyn; van Someren, Ken; Walshe, Ian; Pedlar, Charles
Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research: POST ACCEPTANCE, 7 April 2014
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The Effects of Continuous Compression as a Therapeutic Intervention on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness
Brent F. Fedorko, Fredric L. Goss, FACSM, Elizabeth F. Nagle, FACSM, Robert J. Robertson, FACSM, Karl A. Salesi
Presented at ACSM Mtg; May 2014
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Lower Leg Compression, Running Mechanics and Economy in Trained Distance Runners.
Stickford A SL, Chapman RF, Johnston JD, Stager JM.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2014 Jun 6
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Compression Garment Promotes Muscular Strength Recovery after Resistance Exercise.
Goto K, Morishima T.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014 Jul 7.
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COMPRESSION SOCKS AND FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY FOLLOWING MARATHON RUNNING: A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL.
Armstrong, Stuart A; Till, Eloise S; Maloney, Stephen; Harris, Gregory
Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research: September 2, 2014
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No Graduated Pressure Profile in Compression Stockings Still Reduces Muscle Fatigue
N. Miyamoto, Y. Kawakami
Int J Sports Med ; DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1390495
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Br J Sports Med doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-092456
Review
Compression garments and recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage: a meta-analysis
Jessica Hill1, Glyn Howatson2,4, Ken van Someren3, Jonathan Leeder2,5, Charles Pedlar1
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of compression garments on recovery following damaging exercise. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using studies that evaluated the efficacy of compression garments on measures of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), muscular strength, muscular power and creatine kinase (CK). Studies were extracted from a literature search of online databases. Data were extracted from 12 studies, where variables were measured at baseline and at 24 or 48 or 72 h postexercise. Analysis of pooled data indicated that the use of compression garments had a moderate effect in reducing the severity of DOMS (Hedges’ g=0.403, 95% CI 0.236 to 0.569, p<0.001), muscle strength (Hedges’ g=0.462, 95% CI 0.221 to 0.703, p<0.001), muscle power (Hedges’ g=0.487, 95% CI 0.267 to 0.707, p<0.001) and CK (Hedges’ g=0.439, 95% CI 0.171 to 0.706, p<0.001). These results indicate that compression garments are effective in enhancing recovery from muscle damage. -
The effect of leg compression garments on the mechanical characteristics and performance of single-leg hopping in healthy male volunteers
Amitabh Gupta, Joshua John Bryers and Peter James Clothier
BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2015, 7:10 doi:10.1186/s13102-015-0005-x
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The Use of Compression Stockings During a Marathon Competition to Reduce Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: Are They Really Useful?
Francisco Areces, MS, Juan José Salinero, PhD, Javier Abian-Vicen, PT, PhD, Cristina González-Millán, PhD, Diana Ruiz-Vicente, PhD, Beatriz Lara, MS, María Lledó, PT, PhD, Juan Del Coso, PhD
Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, Ahead of Print Pages: 1-31
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Effect of 3 Weeks Use of Compression Garments on Stride and Impact Shock during a Fatiguing Run
A. G. Lucas-Cuevas et al
Int J Sports Med ; DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1548813
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Always interesting to compare what the research says to what patients report. Most studies are showing minimal scientific benefit. Are the reports from patients purely psychological? Is it the feeling of support that makes them feel it must be doing something?
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Another from LER:
Compression and clots in athletes who travel -
not running:
Comparison among 18 mmHg and 23 mmHg elastic stockings effect on leg volume and tiredness after golf.
Gianesini S et al
Int Angiol. 2016 Mar 11
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Is There Evidence that Runners can Benefit from Wearing Compression Clothing?
Engel FA, Holmberg HC, Sperlich B.
Sports Med. 2016 Apr 22
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Infographic from https://twitter.com/YLMSportScience
Attached Files:
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Wearing Compression Garment after Endurance Exercise Promotes Recovery of Exercise Performance
S. Mizuno et al
Int J Sports Med ; DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-106301
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Effect of an Ankle Compression Garment on Fatigue and Performance.
Šambaher N et al
J Strength Cond Res. 2016 Feb;30(2):326-35. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001011.
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Effect of Compression Socks Worn Between Repeated Maximal Running Bouts
Ned Brophy-Williams et al
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance; Ahead of Print
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Is There Evidence that Runners can Benefit from Wearing Compression Clothing?
Engel, F.A., Holmberg, HC. & Sperlich, B.
Sports Med (2016) 46: 1939. doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0546-5
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The Effects of Compression Socks on Arterial
Blood Flow and Arterial Reserves in Amateur
Sportsmen
Stefan Mann et al
Development in Sports Science, Volume 1
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The effect of compression garments on controlled force output following heel-rise exercise.
Kato, Emika; Nakamura, Mariko; Takahashi, Hideyuki
Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research: Post Acceptance: April 04, 2017
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Calf Compression Sleeves Change Biomechanics but Not Performance and Physiological Responses in Trail Running
Hugo A. Kerhervé et al
Front. Physiol., 27 April 2017 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00247
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Informative x 1 - List
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Press Release:
Study Reveals Compression Tights Don't Help Runners Reach Finish Line
June 1, 2017
COLUMBUS, Ohio – Despite the fact that distance runners swear by them, a new study from The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center finds compression tights don’t help runners go farther or faster.
The study, presented at the American College of Sports Medicine’s (ACSM) annual meeting, shows that although compression tights greatly reduce muscle vibration, they don’t reduce muscle fatigue when compared to running without the tights.
“When your muscle vibrates, it induces a contraction that uses energy, so the theory was that less muscle vibration would translate to less fatigue,” said Ajit Chaudhari, who led the study and is an associate professor of physical therapy, orthopedics, mechanical engineering and biomedical engineering. “However, the reduced vibration was not associated with any reduction in fatigue at all. In our study, runners performed the same with and without compression tights.”
Study participants ran on a treadmill for 30 minutes at 80 percent of their maximum speed on two different days, once with compression tights and once without them. Motion capture technology tracked each runner’s body position within a fraction of a millimeter. Participants’ leg strength and jump height were tested before and after each run.
“We have a specialized treadmill with force sensors embedded in it that measures how hard a runner’s foot is landing, how they’re able to push off and how that changes over time,” Chaudhari said. “The runners also wore a heart rate monitor so we could measure their exertion throughout the run.”
One reason for trying to slow fatigue with compression tights, aside from running faster for longer, is the theory that fatigued runners alter their form and put more strain on their joints, which may increase overuse injury risk. However, further research showed that experienced runners had no more strain on their joints at the end of a training run than at the beginning.
Although the results showed that the compression tights did not reduce fatigue in runners, Chaudhari says there may be other benefits. If runners feel better while wearing compression tights, that’s enough to keep using them.
“There is nothing in this study that shows it’s bad to wear compression tights,” he said. “Every little bit of perception counts when running long distances, so they may help runners in ways we aren’t able to measure.”
Additional research will focus on other aspects of compression tights and the possible benefits to runners in regards to performance and workout recovery.
This study was supported by a research grant from Nike, Inc.-
Informative x 1 - List
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The Efficacy of Compression Garments on Recovery from a Simulated Rugby Protocol.
Upton, Corrinn M; Brown, Freddy CW; Hill, Jessica A
Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research: August 29, 2017
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Effects of wearing lower leg compression sleeves on locomotion economy
Eduard Kurz & Christoph Anders
Journal of Sports Sciences 15 Feb 2018
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Association of Lower Limb Compression Garments During High-Intensity Exercise with Performance and Physiological Responses: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
César Augusto da SilvaLucas HelalRoberto Pacheco da SilvaKarlyse Claudino BelliDaniel UmpierreRicardo Stein
Sports Medicine: 02 May 2018
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Do Compression Socks Influence Muscle Activity of
the Lower Extremities?
Andrew Craig-Jones. UNLV, Las Vegas, NV. (Sponsor: John A.
Mercer, FACSM)
Presented at ACSM Mtg, 2018
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Wearing compression socks during exercise aids subsequent performance
Ned Brophy-Williams et al
January 2019Volume 22, Issue 1, Pages 123–127
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Effects of Exercise Compression Stockings on Anterior Muscle Compartment Pressure and Oxygenation During Running: A Randomized Crossover ‘Trial’ Conducted in Healthy Recreational Runners
Kajsa RennerfeltSophia LindorssonHelena BrisbyAdad BarantoQiuxia Zhang
Sports Medicine: 15 May 2019
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Informative x 1 - List
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Compression Garments Reduce Muscle Movement and Activation during Submaximal Running
Broatch, James R et al
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise: October 4, 2019 - Volume Publish Ahead of Print - Issue - p
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Wearing compression garments differently affects monopodal postural balance in high-level athletes
Kévin Baige al
Sci Rep. 2020 Sep 18;10(1):15331
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Compression socks reduce running-induced intestinal damage.
Zadow, EK, Edwards, KH, Kitic, CM, Fell, JW, Adams, MJ, Singh, I, Kundur, A, Johnstone, ANB, Crilly, J, Bulmer, AC, Halson, SL, and, and Wu, SSX.
J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2020
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