Effects of foot pronation on the lower limb sagittal plane biomechanics during gait

NewsBot · Oct 24, 2018

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Effects of foot pronation on the lower limb sagittal plane biomechanics during gait
Renan A.ResendeLarissa S.P.PinheiroJuliana M.Ocarino
Gait & Posture; 23 October 2018

Highlights
•Increased foot pronation changes motion, moment and power in ankle joint
•Induced foot pronation compromises part of knee functions during gait
•Hip biomechanics in sagittal plane was not altered by induced foot pronation
•Increased pronation reduced foot lever arm function
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Background
Increased foot pronation may compromise ankle plantarflexion moment during the stance phase of gait, which may overload knee and hip.

Research question
This study investigated the influence of increased foot pronation on lower limbs angular displacement, internal moments and power in the sagittal plane and ground reaction force and center of pressure displacement during the stance phase of gait.

Methods
Kinematic and kinetic data of 22 participants (10 women and 12 men) were collected while they walked wearing flat (control condition) and laterally wedged sandals to induce foot pronation (inclined condition). We used principal component analysis for data reduction and dependent t-test to compare differences between conditions with α = 0.05.

Results
The inclined condition increased forefoot range of motion (p < 0.001; effect size = 0.73); increased ankle plantarflexion angle (p < 0.001; effect size = 0.96); reduced ankle plantarflexion moment in mid and terminal stance phases and delayed and increased ankle plantarflexion moment in late stance (p < 0.001; effect size = 0.72); increased range of ankle power during late stance (p = 0.006; effect size = 0.56); reduced knee range of moment (p < 0.001; effect size = 0.76); increased range of knee power in early stance and reduced knee power generation in late stance (p = 0.005; effect size = 0.56); reduced the anterior displacement of the center of pressure (p < 0.001; effect size = 0.82) and increased the ground reaction force in the anterior direction (p = 0.003; effect size = 0.60).

Significance
Increased foot pronation compromises lower limb mechanics in the sagittal plane during the stance phase of gait. These findings are explained by the fact that foot pronation increases foot segments flexibility and compromises foot lever arm function during the stance of gait.
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