Effects of medially wedged insoles on the biomechanics of the lower limbs of runners

NewsBot · Sep 28, 2019

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Effects of medially wedged insoles on the biomechanics of the lower limbs of runners with excessive foot pronation and foot varus alignment
Uiara M.BragaaLuciana D.MendonçaaRodrigo O.MascarenhasaCarolina O.A.AlvesbRenato G.T.FilhoaRenan
Gait & Posture; Volume 74, October 2019, Pages 242-249

Highlights
•Medially wedged insole reduced ankle eversion angle and inversion moment in running.
•Insole also reduced knee and hip range motion in the transverse plane in running.
•Insole reduced hip adduction and increased knee frontal plane motion in running.
•Runners with excessive foot pronation may benefit from medially wedged insole.
•A 7˚ medially wedged insole affects the biomechanics of lower limbs in running.
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Background
Excessive foot pronation during running in individuals with foot varus alignment may be reduced by medially wedged insoles.

Research question
This study investigated the effects of a medially wedged insole at the forefoot and at the rearfoot on the lower limbs angles and internal moments of runners with excessive foot pronation and foot varus alignment.

Methods
Kinematic and kinetic data of 19 runners (11 females and 8 males) were collected while they ran wearing flat (control condition) and medially wedged insoles (insole condition). Both insoles had arch support. We used principal component analysis for data reduction and dependent t-test to compare differences between conditions.

Results
The insole condition reduced ankle eversion (p = 0.003; effect size = 0.63); reduced knee range of motion in the transverse plane (p = 0.012; effect size = 0.55); increased knee range of motion in the frontal plane in early stance and had earlier knee adduction peak (p = 0.018; effect size = 0.52); reduced hip range of motion in the transverse plane (p = 0.031; effect size = 0.48); reduced hip adduction (p = 0.024; effect size = 0.50); reduced ankle inversion moment (p = 0.012; effect size = 0.55); and increased the difference between the knee internal rotation moment in early stance and midstance (p = 0.012; effect size = 0.55).

Significance
Insoles with 7˚ medial wedges at the forefoot and rearfoot are able to modify motion and moments patterns that are related to lower limb injuries in runners with increased foot pronation and foot varus alignment with some non-desired effects on the knee motion in the frontal plane.
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Craig Payne · Sep 28, 2019

"Insole reduced hip adduction and increased knee frontal plane motion in running."

Can reduce force, only more it.

Dr Rich Blake · Nov 4, 2019

NewsBot said: ↑

Effects of medially wedged insoles on the biomechanics of the lower limbs of runners with excessive foot pronation and foot varus alignment
Uiara M.BragaaLuciana D.MendonçaaRodrigo O.MascarenhasaCarolina O.A.AlvesbRenato G.T.FilhoaRenan
Gait & Posture; Volume 74, October 2019, Pages 242-249
Click to expand...

This is equivalent to my 35 degree inverted orthotic which of course should give equal results, but be more scientific and custom made. The intrinsic problem with these studies are that everyone got the same amount of correction, but probably some need more and some less. Also, when you carry the wedge too far forward and block first ray plantarflexion, you are definitely going to negatively affect a lot of these athletics. This being said, I still applaud the researchers. Rich Blake

NewsBot · Feb 15, 2022

Kinematic Effect on the Navicular Bone with the Use of Rearfoot Varus Wedge
Álvaro Gómez Carrión et al
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Jan 21;22(3):815

Background: The rearfoot varus wedge (RVW) is a common treatment for foot pain and valgus deformity. There is research on its effects in the calcaneus, but there is little research on the navicular. More research is needed with the use of RVW due to the relationship that exists between the position of the navicular and the risk of suffering an injury.

Objectives: this study sought to understand how RVW can influence the kinematics of the navicular bone, measuring their movement with the 6 SpaceFastrak system.

Methods: a total of 60 subjects participated in the study. Two sensors were used to measure the movement of the calcaneus and navicular using RVWs as compared in the barefoot position in a static way.

Results: there were statistically significant differences, the use of RVWs caused changes in the navicular bone, with subjects reaching the maximum varus movement with the use of RVW 7 mm of 1.35 ± 2.41° (p < 0.001), the maximum plantar movement flexion with the use of RVW 10 mm of 3.93 ± 4.44° (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: when RVWs were placed under the calcaneus bone, the navicular bone response was in varus movement too; thus, the use of rearfoot varus wedge can influence the movement of the navicular bone.
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NewsBot · Jul 21, 2022

Impact of in shoe and barefoot placed frontal wedges on plantar loading: a systematic review
Martinez-RicoMagdalenaaDeschampsKevinbcdGabrielGijon-NogueronaeAna BelenOrtega-Avilaae
Gait & Posture; 21 July 2022

Highlights
•The frontal plane wedges cause a redistribution of the plantar pressure
•Lateral wedges produces a lateral shift of the gait line
•Varus wedges produces a medial shift of this biomechanical feature
•The vertical ground reaction forces no clear conclusions can be drawn
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Purpose
The main aim of this review is to report the effect of different types of in-shoe and barefoot wedges on the distribution of the plantar loading of the human foot. We hypothesise that frontal plane wedges modify this parameter.

Methods
A systematic review was performed, using the PubMed, CINAHL, Prospero and Scopus databases, consulted from their date of first publication to May 2020. Only observational (cross-over studies), randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies addressing the effects of in-shoe and barefoot frontal plane wedges on plantar loading were included. All articles were subjected to quality assessment, using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the observational (cross-over) studies, TREND for quasi-experimental studies and the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for the RCTs.

Results
Eleven papers were included in the final review. Four were cross-over studies, other four were quasi-experimental studies and three were RCTs. These eleven studies included 320 patients, with ages ranging from 20 to 60 years. Regarding the risk of bias, most of the observational studies and RCTs had a moderate level of quality. Conclusions: The results suggest that lateral wedges are more effective, producing a lateral shift of the centre of pressure and increasing the pressure. Regarding the impact on the peak impact force there seems to be less consensus among the published data.
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