Foot and ankle problems in kickboxing

NewsBot · Mar 18, 2015

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Foot and ankle problems in Muay Thai kickboxers.
Vaseenon T, Intharasompan P, Wattanarojanapom T, Theeraamphon N, Auephanviriyakul S, Phisitkul P.
J Med Assoc Thai. 2015 Jan;98(1):65-70.

BACKGROUND:
Muay Thai kickboxing is a common sport that uses the foot and ankle in fighting. Muay Thai kickboxing trainees usually receive training in Thailand Foot and ankle problems in this group ofpeople who usually train barefoot remain unexplored
OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the prevalence of common foot and ankle problems in Muay Thai kick boxers.
MATERIAL AND METHOD:
The present study is a cross-sectional survey of Muay Thai kick boxers practicing in northern Thailand. Interviews were conducted and foot and ankle examinations were evaluated Foot morphology was examined using a Harris mat footprint.
RESULTS:
One hundred and twenty-three Muay Thai kickbox ersinnine training gyms were included in this study. Common foot and ankle problems found in the Muay Thai kick boxers were callosity (59%), gastrocnemius contracture (57%), toe deformities (49.3%), wounds (10%) and heel pain (9%). Callosity was most commonly found on the forefoot (77.5%), on the plantar first metatarsal (55.3%) and on the big toe (33.3%). An association was found between a tight heel cord and a history of foot injury with prolonged periods of weekly training. Toe deformities such as hallux rigidus (37.6%) were also associated with prolonged periods of training (p = 0.001). No correlation was found between type of foot arch and foot and ankle problems.
CONCLUSION:
Plantar forefoot callosities and wounds as well as toe deformities including tight heel cords are some of the foot and ankle problems commonly found in Muay Thai kick boxers. They are associated with prolonged periods of barefoot training. The unique pattern of training and of the kicks in Muay Thai might be a path mechanism, leading to the development of foot and ankle problems.
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NewsBot · Nov 3, 2015

Injuries to Professional and Amateur Kickboxing Contestants
A 15-Year Retrospective Cohort Study
Reidar P. Lystad, PhD
Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine November 2015 vol. 3 no. 11 2325967115612416

Background: Kickboxing is a group of full-contact combat sports that allows both kicking and punching from a standing position. Despite its popularity, there is a scarcity of published data elucidating the injury epidemiology in kickboxing.
Purpose: To determine the injury incidence, describe the injury pattern, and identify potential risk factors for injury in kickboxing.
Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study.
Methods: Data describing fight outcomes and injuries sustained during professional and amateur kickboxing contests over a 15-year period were obtained from the official records of the Nevada Athletic Commission, United States. Injury incidence rates and rate ratios were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) and per 1000 minutes of exposure. The injury pattern was described using frequencies and proportions of injuries by anatomic region and type of injury. In addition, Poisson mixed-effects generalized linear modeling was used to examine the multivariate relationships between injury incidence rates and potential risk factors.
Results: The sample consisted of 481 unique fighters competing across 57 events, 976 AEs, 9562 minutes of exposure, and 380 injuries. The mean ? SD age of the fighters was 29.0 ? 5.3 years (range, 15-48 years). The overall injury incidence rates were 390.1 injuries (95% CI, 351.9-431.4) per 1000 AEs and 39.7 injuries (95% CI, 35.8-43.9) per 1000 minutes of exposure. The most commonly injured anatomic regions were the head (57.8%) and lower extremity (26.1%), while the most common types of injury were laceration (70.6%) and fracture (20.6%). Professional fighters were 2.5 times more likely to get injured compared with amateurs (rate ratio, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.39-4.55), while defeated fighters were 3.5 times more likely to get injured compared with winners (rate ratio, 3.48; 95% CI, 2.73-4.44).
Conclusion: Injuries are frequent and often significant in kickboxing, and better injury surveillance is strongly recommended. The scarcity of good-quality epidemiological data in kickboxing, especially pertaining to the severity of injuries, underscores the urgent need for further research, whereupon evidence-informed sport safety and injury prevention policies can be developed.
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NewsBot · Sep 26, 2017

Injury rates in martial art athletes: anthropometric parameters and training volume, but not foot morphology indexes, are predictive risk factors for lower limb injuries.
Vitale JA et al
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2017 Sep 22. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07536-3.

BACKGROUND:
Previous studies attempted to identify possible risk factors for acute and overuse injuries in several sports disciplines such as running, gymnastics or team sports. Given the lack of scientific works focused on risk factors for lower limb injuries in martial arts, the present study was aimed to investigate foot anatomy, anthropometric measures, and other background information as possible risk factors of injury in barefoot athletes practicing judo, karate, kung fu, thai boxe, or aikido. In addition, the injury rates were evaluated in relation with the different martial art styles.
METHODS:
One group of 130 martial artists was retrospectively evaluated. Data of three foot morphological variables were collected: navicular height (NH), navicular drop (ND) and the rear foot (RF). In addition, each participant filled an interview questionnaire providing the following information: age, sex, body weight, height, BMI, hours of training per week, the kind of injury occurred to the lower limbs in the preceding year.
RESULTS:
Of 130 subjects, 70 (53.8%) did not sustain injuries, 35 (27.0%) suffered an acute injury and the remaining 25 (19.2%) reported an overuse injury. No significant differences were observed in the injury rates in relation to style and kind of martial art. Age, training volume and BMI were found as significant predictors of injury, while NH, ND and RF were not able to predict acute or overuse injury at lower limbs.
CONCLUSIONS:
The injury rates were similar in karate, judo, kung fu, aikido, and thai boxe. The foot morphology variables were not related with the presence or absence of acute and overuse injuries. Conversely, older and heavier martial artists, performing more hours of barefoot training, are at higher risk of acute and overuse injury. Athletic trainers should strongly take into account the present information in order to develop more accurate and specific injury prevention programs for martial artists.
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NewsBot · Oct 3, 2017

Combat sport injuries profile: A review
Science & Sports; 28 September 2017

Objectives
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the injury location, injury diagnosis, injury risk factors and injury prevention among practitioners of different combat sports.
News
This review was conducted using databases of MEDLINE (via Pubmed), Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar. The studies concerned were classified according to the nature of the combat sports and the type of the injury by three authors using the titles, abstracts and full texts if available. Data from different observational studies suggest that there is a significant injury problem in combat sport in general because the main goal of the practitioners is to strike and/or to project opponent with maximal power and speed in order to win. This exposes them to permanent risk of injuries, which limit usually training effects, provoke disability conditions with competitiveness loss and often ruin their careers. However, it varies considerably across different styles. Researchers used retrospective and prospective method to explore specificity of injury but little is known about the actual severity of injuries in combat sports.

Prospects and projects
Future studies are highly encouraged to adopt stronger methodologies. The long-term consequences of injuries, a detailed balance sheet by nature of injury and specific preventive strategies are needed to support the findings presented in this review.

Conclusion
In this review, a preliminary injury profiles in combat sports was established containing location and types of injuries. Compared to other sports, combat sports are no more dangerous especially for beginner practitioners.
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NewsBot · Dec 11, 2023

Kickboxing-related Lower Extremity Injuries Treated at United States Emergency Departments

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