Foot Posture and Patellar Tendon Pain Among Adult Volleyball Players

NewsBot · Feb 18, 2012

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Foot Posture and Patellar Tendon Pain Among Adult Volleyball Players.
de Groot R, Malliaras P, Munteanu S, Payne C, Morrissey D, Maffulli N.
Clin J Sport Med. 2012 Feb 14.

OBJECTIVE:
We hypothesized that individuals with a normal foot posture would be less likely to experience patellar tendon pain and pathology than those with a pronated or supinated foot.

DESIGN:
Observational study.

SETTING:
Field-based study among competing athletes.

PARTICIPANTS:
Volleyball players competing in the Victorian State League, Australia.

ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS:
Patellar tendinopathy (PT) is common in sports involving running and jumping and can severely limit athletes' ability to compete. Several studies have investigated potential etiological factors for the development of PT, but little is known about the association between PT and foot posture.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Static foot posture index (FPI), patellar tendon pain during single-leg decline squatting, and gray scale ultrasound imaging were measured in 78 recreational to elite volleyball players (48 men and 30 women).

RESULTS:
Men with patellar tendon pain were more likely to have a normal foot posture and men without pain were more likely to be pronated according to the FPI (P < 0.05). Women showed no association between FPI and pain or imaging (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Men with a normal foot posture were more likely to have PT compared to men with a pronated foot type.
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Admin2 · Feb 18, 2012

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NewsBot · Oct 16, 2012

Jumper's knee paradox—jumping ability is a risk factor for developing jumper's knee: a 5-year prospective study
Håvard Visnes, Hans Åge Aandahl, Roald Bahr
Br J Sports Med

Background The ‘jumper's knee paradox’, where symptomatic athletes appear to perform better in a counter movement jump (CMJ) compared to asymptomatic controls in previous case–control studies is not fully understood.

Aim The aim was to examine the relationship between jumping ability and change of jumping ability as potential risk factors for developing jumper's knee.

Methods A 5-year prospective cohort study among elite volleyball players, aged 16–18. Jump tests were done on a portable force plate at the time of inclusion and semiannually. Jumper's knee was diagnosed based on a standardised clinical examination.

Results All 150 students (68 males and 82 females) were included and 28 developed jumper's knee (22 males and 6 females). At the time of inclusion, male athletes who went on to develop jumper's knee had significantly better results in CMJ (38.0±5.8 cm) compared to asymptomatic males (34.6±5.5 cm, p=0.03), while no difference was detected in standing jump (SJ: jumper's knee: 30.3±7.4 cm, asymptomatic: 28.1±6.1 cm, p=0.23). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis corrected for gender and previous volleyball training, the OR was 2.09 (1.03–4.25) per cm difference in CMJ at the time of inclusion. Our results did not reveal any significant differences in the change in jumping ability between the groups, although both groups improved their jump performance.

Conclusions Volleyball players with a natural ability for jumping high are at an increased risk for developing jumper's knee.
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NewsBot · Oct 16, 2013

Characteristics and contributing factors related to sports injuries in young volleyball players.
Vanderlei FM, Bastos FN, Tsutsumi GY, Vanderlei LC, Netto J Júnior, Pastre CM.
BMC Res Notes. 2013 Oct 14;6(1):415.

BACKGROUND:
The participation of young in volleyball is becoming increasingly common, and this increased involvement raises concerns about the risk of installation of sports injuries. Therefore, the objectives the study were identify the characteristics of sports injuries in young volleyball players and associate anthropometric and training variables with contributing factors for injuries.
METHODS:
A total of 522 volleyball players participating in the High School Olympic Games of the State of Sao Paulo (Brazil) were interviewed. A reported condition inquiry was used to gather information on injuries, such as anatomic site affected, mechanism and moment of injury, as well as personal and training data. The level of significance was set at 5%.
RESULTS:
A 19% frequency of injuries was found. Higher age, weight, height, body mass index and training duration values were associated with the occurrence of injuries. The most affected anatomic site was the ankle/foot complex (45 injuries, 36.3%). Direct contact and contactless mechanisms were the main causes of injuries (61 injuries; 49.2% and 48 injuries; 38.7%, respectively). Training was the moment in which most injuries occurred (93 injuries; 75%), independently of personal and training characteristics.
CONCLUSION:
Injuries affected the ankle/foot complex with a greater frequency. Direct contact and contactless mechanisms were the most frequently reported and injuries occurred mainly during training sessions. Personal and training characteristics were contributing factors for the occurrence of injuries.
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NewsBot · Jul 21, 2015

Injury risk is low among world-class volleyball players: 4-year data from the FIVB Injury Surveillance System
Tone Bere, Jacek Kruczynski, Nadège Veintimilla, Yuichiro Hamu, Roald Bahr
Br J Sports Med doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-094959

Background Little is known about the rate and pattern of injuries in international volleyball competition.

Objective To describe the risk and pattern of injuries among world-class players based on data from the The International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) Injury Surveillance System (ISS) (junior and senior, male and female).

Methods The FIVB ISS is based on prospective registration of injuries by team medical staff during all major FIVB tournaments (World Championships, World Cup, World Grand Prix, World League, Olympic Games). This paper is based on 4-year data (September 2010 to November 2014) obtained through the FIVB ISS during 32 major FIVB events (23 senior and 9 junior).

Results The incidence of time-loss injuries during match play was 3.8/1000 player hours (95% CI 3.0 to 4.5); this was greater for senior players than for junior players (relative risk: 2.04, 1.29 to 3.21), while there was no difference between males and females (1.04, 0.70 to 1.55). Across all age and sex groups, the ankle was the most commonly injured body part (25.9%), followed by the knee (15.2%), fingers/thumb (10.7%) and lower back (8.9%). Injury incidence was greater for centre players and lower for liberos than for other player functions; injury patterns also differed between player functions.

Conclusions Volleyball is a very safe sport, even at the highest levels of play. Preventive measures should focus on acute ankle and finger sprains, and overuse injuries in the knee, lower back and shoulder.
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NewsBot · Aug 11, 2015

A Comparison of Women’s Collegiate and Girls’ High School Volleyball Injury Data Collected Prospectively Over a 4-Year Period
Jonathan C. Reeser, MD, PhD, Andrew Gregory, MD, Richard L. Berg, MS and R. Dawn Comstock, PhD
Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach August 10, 2015

Background: There is a relative paucity of research examining the sport-specific injury epidemiology of high school and collegiate volleyball athletes. Moreover, differences in study methodology frequently limit our ability to compare and contrast injury data collected from selected populations.
Hypothesis: There are differences between the injury patterns characteristic of high school and collegiate female volleyball athletes.
Study Design: Retrospective clinical review.
Level of Evidence: Level 3.
Methods: We statistically analyzed injury incidence and outcome data collected over a 4-year interval (2005-2006 to 2008-2009) by 2 similar injury surveillance systems, the National Collegiate Athletic Association’s Injury Surveillance System (NCAA ISS) and the High School Reporting Injuries Online (HS RIO). We compared diagnoses, anatomic distribution of injuries, mechanisms of injury, and time lost from training or competition between high school and collegiate volleyball athletes.
Results: The overall volleyball-related injury rate was significantly greater among collegiate athletes than among high school athletes during both competition (injury rate ratio, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.5-3.4) and practice (injury rate ratio, 3.5; 95% CI, 3.1-3.9). Collegiate athletes had a higher rate of ankle sprain, knee injury, and shoulder injury. Concussions represented a relatively high percentage of injuries in both populations (5.0% of total NCAA ISS injuries vs 4.8% of total HS RIO injuries, respectively).
Conclusion: The data suggest that although similar, there were distinct differences between the injury patterns of the 2 populations. Compared with high school volleyball players, collegiate athletes have a higher rate of acute time loss injury as well as overuse time loss injury (particularly patellar tendinosis). Concussions represented a significant and worrisome component of the injury pattern for both study populations.
Clinical Relevance: The injury data suggest that important differences exist in the injury patterns of female high school compared with collegiate volleyball athletes. Consideration of the specific injury patterns may be helpful in future prevention efforts.
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NewsBot · Feb 4, 2017

Are Tendinopathies really a common injury in volleyball?
Aldo Bustos, Fernando Locaso
Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine January 31, 2017

Objectives:
To perform a description of tendinopathies as an injury in volleyball high performance.

Methods:
An observational and prospective study was conducted from 2014-2016 in the senior Argentinian volleyball team. The same was held by two observers. Moreover, 78 athletes were evaluated. We support Dvorak’s claims that an injury is determined by the loss of at least one training session or a match.

Results:
78 players were exposed to 21812 hours of training and matches. As a result 37 injuries were evaluated in 31 players. Taking into account tendinopathies, it can be said that 34 players consulted 412 times, showing a prevalence of 43.5% of the whole enquires but when we refer to the same pathology as injury the average lowers, presenting 8 lesions in 6 players and showing a prevalence of 7.6% as injuries. Incidence of tendon injuries is 0.32 per 1000 hours of exposure Tendon Injuries: 5 were patellar, 2 supraspinatus, 1 aquiles. 5 Slight, 2 moderate, 1 severe.

Conclusion:
Clearly, tendinopathy is a common problem in this sport but it is not a common cause of injury. This is demonstrated in prevalence rates whereas 43.5 % just consulted and 7,6 % suffer from real injuries. We think this might be due to several factors such as, advances in medical therapy, preventive protocols and increase in thresholds of pain that high-performance athletes can bear. In our experience this pathology was shown to be the third leading cause of injuries. In 2016 we did not deal with any case of injury for tendinopathy.
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NewsBot · Aug 14, 2018

The Effect of Injury Definition and Surveillance Methodology on Measures of Injury Occurrence and Burden in Elite Volleyball
Kerry J. MacDonald, Luz Maria Palacios-Derflingher, Carolyn A. Emery, Willem H. Meeuwisse
Int J Sports Med; 10.1055/a-0577-4639

A time-loss injury definition continues to be the most widely used injury definition despite evidence that it fails to accurately capture overuse injuries. An overuse injury questionnaire, using an “all complaints” definition has been created to address the limitation of a time-loss definition. The main aim of this work was to determine the effect that injury definition and registration methodology has on the collection of knee injuries among elite level volleyball players. To reach this goal, seventy-two volleyball players were prospectively followed over 32-weeks. Time-loss injuries were captured using an individual injury report form (IIRF). Study participants completed an overuse injury questionnaire (mOIQ) via a weekly short message service (SMS). The IIRF captured 15 time-loss knee injuries in 72 study participants (20%). Based on the mOIQ, 84.7% of participants reported having a knee problem and 66.7% sustained a substantial knee problem. All IIRF knee injuries captured were also registered by the mOIQ. Agreement on the specific diagnosis occurred for 66.7% of injuries resulting in a moderate Kappa score of 0.51. In conclusion, an overuse injury questionnaire provided a greater understanding of the magnitude and burden of knee injuries in this population.
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NewsBot · Sep 11, 2019

Internal and External Workload in Youth Basketball Players Who Are Symptomatic and Asymptomatic for Patellar Tendinopathy
Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 2019 Volume:0 Issue:0 Pages:1–24 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2020.9094

Study Design
Nested case-control study.

Background
Patellar tendinopathy is an overuse condition characterized by patellar tendon pain at the inferior pole of the patella and is common in basketball players.

Objective
To examine the differences in external and internal workload (WL) in players with and without patellar tendinopathy.

Methods
Workload was monitored in 152 players (aged 13 – 18 years) for a one-week period including all practices, games and conditioning sessions. Players were pre-screened into patellar tendinopathy cases and no-patellar tendinopathy controls using the previously validated Oslo Sport Trauma Research Centre Patellar Tendinopathy Questionnaire. Simple linear regression analysis with adjustment for clustering by team and Bonferroni correction was used to examine mean differences in measures of external WL (cumulative jump counts using VERT 2.0 devices & sessions completed) and internal WL (RPE in arbitrary units [AU]) between cases and controls.

Results
A total of 144 players (19 cases, 125 controls) met inclusion for final analyses. No significant differences were found between players with patellar tendinopathy and no patellar tendinopathy in the three outcomes: jump count [mean difference (98.3%CI) = 45 jumps (-40 to 130), p=0.177], basketball sessions [mean difference (98.3%CI) = 0.9 (-0.3 to 2.2), p=0.067], and sRPE [mean difference (98.3%CI) = 346 AU (-459 to 1151), p=0.260].

Conclusions
In the current study, a significant difference in WL was not detected between youth basketball players with patellar tendinopathy and players with no patellar tendinopathy. Efforts towards identifying players at early stages of patellar tendinopathy and applying relevant interventions are warranted.
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