Foot pronation is associated with increased injury risk in runners

NewsBot · Dec 25, 2018

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Association between the Foot Posture Index and running related injuries: A case-control study
AitorPerez-Morcillo et al
Clinical Biomechanics; Available online 22 December 2018

Highlights
•There is a significant association between running-related injury and foot posture.
•Running surface type might be associated with injury in novice runners.
•The use of one pair of shoes might be associated with injury in novice runners.
•Body mass index might be associated with the presence of injury in novice runners.
•Running experience might be associated with injury in novice runners.
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Background
Novice runners are at significantly greater risk of running-related injuries than experienced recreational runners. To develop prevention strategies for this population, it is important to identify predisposing factors that contribute to the incidence of these injuries. This study aims to assess the relationship between running-related injuries, foot posture and other factors in novice runners.

Methods
Case-control study in 600 novice runners, classified as cases or controls based on incidence of running-related injuries. Participants' foot posture was measured using the Foot Posture Index, and we performed a descriptive analysis of the explanatory variables, comparing cases and controls. To assess the association between the injury and the presence of exposure and other explanatory variables, we performed a simple logistic regression for each variable and then fit a multivariable regression model.

Findings
Our regression model showed that high supination was associated with 76.8 times higher odds of injury than a neutral Foot Posture Index score (P < 0.001). High pronation was associated with 20-fold higher odds of injury than neutral foot posture (P < 0.001). Other variables such as running surface, number of shoes used, and body mass index were also associated with injury. The model showed an acceptable predictive capacity, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.7753.

Interpretation
If the association between Foot Posture Index and running-related injury is confirmed in large prospective studies, running programs for beginners should consider foot posture in efforts to prevent running-related injuries.
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Admin2 · Dec 25, 2018

Related Thread:
Foot pronation is not associated with increased injury risk in novice runners

NewsBot · Jan 15, 2019

Kinematic risk factors for lower limb tendinopathy in distance runners: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Seyed HamedMousaviaJuha M.HijmansbRezaRajabicRonDiercksdJohannesZwerveraHenkvan der Worpa
Gait & Posture Volume 69, March 2019, Pages 13-24

Highlights
•Peak rearfoot eversion is significant in ITBS, PT and PTTD but not in AT and PF.
•Greater internal knee rotation is a risk factor for ITBS.
•The meta-analysis shows conflicting evidence on hip adduction in ITBS.
•Only few studies reported kinematic factors for PT, PF and PTTD in runners.
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Introduction
Abnormal kinematics have been implicated as one of the major risk factors for lower limb tendinopathy (LLT).

Objective
To systematically review evidence for kinematic risk factors for LLT in runners.

Methods
Individual electronic searches in PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science were conducted. Two reviewers screened studies to identify observational studies reporting kinematic risk factors in runners with LLT compared to healthy controls. The Down and Black appraisal scale was applied to assess quality. A meta-analysis was performed provided that at least two studies with similar methodology reported the same factor.

Results
Twenty-eight studies were included: Achilles tendinopathy (AT) (9), iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) (17), plantar fasciopathy (PF) (2), patellar tendinopathy (PT) (1), posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) (1). Eighteen studies were rated high-quality and ten medium-quality. The meta-analyses revealed strong evidence of higher peak knee internal rotation, moderate evidence of lower peak rearfoot eversion and knee flexion at heel strike and greater peak hip adduction in runners with ITBS. Very limited evidence revealed higher peak ankle eversion in runners with PF and PTTD or higher peak hip adduction in PT.

Significance
Peak rearfoot eversion was the only factor reported in all included LLTs; it is a significant factor in ITBS, PT and PTTD but not in AT and PF. More prospective studies are needed to accurately evaluate the role of kinematic risk factors as a cause of LLT. Taken together, addressing rearfoot kinematic and kinematic chain movements accompanied by peak eversion should be considered in the prevention and management of LLT.
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NewsBot · Dec 20, 2020

The relationship of the foot and ankle structure with overuse injuries in licensed footballers, a prospective cohort study
ali SAHILLIOGLU , lale CERRAHOGLU
Source

BACKGROUND: Foot and ankle are some of the most frequently injured places in football players' bodies. Overuse injuries have an insidious onset and can restrain athletes from sports temporary or even permanently. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the clinical evaluation of the foot and ankle and findings obtained from foot plantar pressure measurements with the development of overuse injury, during the one-year follow-up.
METHODS: 100 licensed football players were included in the study. Presence of joint hypermobility, foot posture assessment, ankle and first metatarsophalangeal joint range of motion measurements, pedobarographic plantar pressure assessment of foot was carried out. Then, the footballers were followed for 12 months for the development of new foot and ankle overuse injuries, and the clinical and pedobarographic data of the footballers with at least one injury were compared with the group without injury.
RESULTS: We found asymmetric pressure distribution between the preferred and non-preferred foot in the group who had an injury in the pedobarographic static foot plantar pressure measurements (p = .040). A statistically significant limitation was found in the ankle eversion, first metatarsophalangeal joint dorsiflexion and ankle plantar flexion degrees in the injured group compared to the uninjured group (p = .029, p = .023, p=.044, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that impairments in foot plantar pressure distribution and limitations in ankle and foot joint range of motion may be risk factors for the development of foot and ankle overuse injury.
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