Intrinsic foot muscles have the capacity to control deformation of the longitudinal arch

NewsBot · Jan 31, 2014

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Intrinsic foot muscles have the capacity to control deformation of the longitudinal arch.
Kelly LA, Cresswell AG, Racinais S, Whiteley R, Lichtwark G.
J R Soc Interface. 2014 Jan 29;11(93):20131188.

The human foot is characterized by a pronounced longitudinal arch (LA) that compresses and recoils in response to external load during locomotion, allowing for storage and return of elastic energy within the passive structures of the arch and contributing to metabolic energy savings. Here, we examine the potential for active muscular contribution to the biomechanics of arch deformation and recoil. We test the hypotheses that activation of the three largest plantar intrinsic foot muscles, abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum and quadratus plantae is associated with muscle stretch in response to external load on the foot and that activation of these muscles (via electrical stimulation) will generate sufficient force to counter the deformation of LA caused by the external load. We found that recruitment of the intrinsic foot muscles increased with increasing load, beyond specific load thresholds. Interestingly, LA deformation and muscle stretch plateaued towards the maximum load of 150% body weight, when muscle activity was greatest. Electrical stimulation of the plantar intrinsic muscles countered the deformation that occurred owing to the application of external load by reducing the length and increasing the height of the LA. These findings demonstrate that these muscles have the capacity to control foot posture and LA stiffness and may provide a buttressing effect during foot loading. This active arch stiffening mechanism may have important implications for how forces are transmitted during locomotion and postural activities as well as consequences for metabolic energy saving.
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Kevin Kirby · Feb 1, 2014

NewsBot said: ↑

Intrinsic foot muscles have the capacity to control deformation of the longitudinal arch.
Kelly LA, Cresswell AG, Racinais S, Whiteley R, Lichtwark G.
J R Soc Interface. 2014 Jan 29;11(93):20131188.
Click to expand...

Yes, I wrote about the plantar intrinsic muscles stiffening the longitudinal arch eight years ago in the following Precision Intricast Newsletter: January 2006: Load-Deformation Characteristics of the Foot - Volume III in Kirby KA: Foot and Lower Extremity Biomechanics III: Precision Intricast Newsletters, 2002-2008. Precision Intricast, Inc., Payson, AZ, 2009, pp. 53-54.

I have also discussed this in detail in my new book, March and April 2012: Load Sharing System of the Medial Longitudinal Arch - Volumes I and II Kirby KA: Foot and Lower Extremity Biomechanics IV: Precision Intricast Newsletters, 2009-2013. Precision Intricast, Inc., Payson, AZ, 2014, pp. 31-34 as I will also discuss next week in my lectures in Zaragoza, Spain with Craig Payne, Simon Spooner and Eric Fuller at the 2nd International Conference on Foot Pathology.

Athol Thomson · Feb 2, 2014

This is a great paper by Luke Kelly a Podiatry Arena contributor.

His group used fine wire EMG delivered under ultrasound guidance into intrinsic foot muscles which would have been challenging to carry out. Happy I wasn't a subject!

Also 3D Kinematic data and kinetic (force plate) data in this in-depth study.

Well done Luke.

Ian Drakard · Feb 2, 2014

Second that Athol. Any chance of a copy please Luke?

pod29 · Feb 3, 2014

Hi Ian

If you PM me your email, I'll gladly send you a copy

Regards

Luke

NewsBot · May 4, 2021

Contribution of Plantar Fascia and Intrinsic Foot Muscles in a Single-Leg Drop Landing and Repetitive Rebound Jumps: An Ultrasound-Based Study
Masanori Morikawa et al
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 23;18(9):4511

The plantar fascia and intrinsic foot muscles (IFM) modulate foot stiffness. However, it is unclear whether the corresponding ultrasonography findings reflect it. This study aimed to examine the effect of the plantar fascia and IFM morphologies on force attenuation during landing and reactivity when jumping in healthy adults (n = 21; age, 21-27 years). Thickness, cross-sectional area (CSA), and hardness of the plantar fascia, abductor hallucis (AbH), and flexor hallucis brevis (FHB) muscles were measured using ultrasonography. Single-leg drop landing and repetitive rebound jumping tests assessed the ground reaction force (GRF) and reactive jump index (RJI), respectively. The CSA of FHB was negatively correlated with maximum vertical GRF (r = -0.472, p = 0.031) in the single-leg drop landing test. The CSA of AbH was negatively correlated with contact time (r = -0.478, p = 0.028), and the plantar fascia thickness was positively correlated with jump height (r = 0.615, p = 0.003) and RJI (r = 0.645, p = 0.002) in the repetitive bound jump test. In multivariate regression analysis, only the plantar fascia thickness was associated with RJI (β = 0.152, 95% confidence interval: 7.219-38.743, p = 0.007). The CSA of FHB may contribute to force attenuation during landing. The thickness of the plantar fascia and CSA of AbH may facilitate jumping high with minimal contact time.
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