Kinematic difference between high and low mileage runners

NewsBot · Aug 21, 2017

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Classification of higher- and lower-mileage runners based on running kinematics
Christian A. Clermont et al
Journal of Sport and Health Science; 18 August 2017

Background
Running-related overuse injuries can result from the combination of extrinsic (e.g., running mileage) and intrinsic risk factors (e.g., biomechanics and gender), but the relationship between these factors is not fully understood. Therefore, the first purpose of this study was to determine whether we could classify higher- and lower-mileage runners according to differences in lower extremity kinematics during the stance and swing phases of running gait. The second purpose was to subgroup the runners by gender, and determine whether we could classify higher- and lower-mileage runners in male and female subgroups.

Methods
Participants were allocated to the “higher-mileage” group (≥ 32km/week; n = 41 (30 females)) or to the “lower-mileage”group (≤25 km; n = 40 (29 females)). Three-dimensional kinematic data were collected during 60 s of treadmill running at a self-selected speed (2.61 ± 0.23 m/s). A support vector machine classifier identified kinematic differences between higher- and lower-mileage groups based on principal component (PC) scores and cross-fold classification accuracy.

Results
Higher- and lower-mileage runners (both genders) could be separated with 92.59% classification accuracy. When subgrouping by gender, higher- and lower-mileage female runners could be separated with 89.83% classification accuracy, and higher- and lower-mileage male runners could be separated with 100% classification accuracy.

Conclusion
These results demonstrate there are distinct kinematic differences between subgroups related to both mileage and gender, and that these factors need to be considered in future research.
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Craig Payne · Aug 21, 2017

There seems to be increasing work on quantifying subgroups in lots of things .... good.

NewsBot · Sep 23, 2017

Gait kinetics, kinematics, spatiotemporal and foot plantar pressure alteration in response to long-distance running: Systematic review
Hyun Kyung Kim et al
Human Movement Science; 22 September 2017

Highlights
•Healthy runners may modify their running style to minimise excessive joint loading.
•Following long distance running pressure under the metatarsal region increased.
•Following long distance running involvement of the toes decreased.
•There were acute changes in kinetics and kinematics after long distance running.
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The aim of this systematic review was to obtain an improved insight of the present state of knowledge regarding the effect of long-distance running on gait kinetics, kinematics, spatiotemporal and foot plantar pressure. Electronic databases were searched for articles relating to biomechanical modification following long-distance running, published in English between 1990 and 2016. All the studies presenting gait parameters before and after long-distance running were included. A modified Quality Index was used for assessing methodological quality. Thirteen studies met the eligibility criteria. Five of 13 studies measured plantar pressure, reporting that the loading under the metatarsal regions were shown to be the highest following long-distance running. Ten studies reported spatiotemporal changes; step and stride frequency were generally increased, while stride length and aerial time were decreased after running. Four studies measured kinetics, indicating that vertical ground reaction force (GRF) was generally decreased, whereas impact acceleration was increased. Four studies showed that the lower limb kinematics and the foot strike techniques were altered by long-distance running. Three studies performed a second follow-up, revealing that the changes were generally returned to baseline levels. This is the first systematic review to examine the effect of long-distance running on gait kinetics, kinematics, spatiotemporal and foot plantar pressure.
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