New measurements of rearfoot, forefoot and shank-forefoot alignment in athletes

NewsBot · Mar 30, 2011

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New measurements of rearfoot, forefoot and shank-forefoot alignment in athletes.
Mendonça LD, Bittencourt NF, Amaral G, Diniz L, Souza T, Silva P, Fonseca ST.
Br J Sports Med. 2011 Apr;45(4):343.

Background Foot misalignments may contribute to development of sports injuries. Some evaluation protocols of foot alignment are not practical, have poor reliability and doesn't reflect functional foot behaviour. We propose a new measurement procedure to solve these problems. We also introduce the measure of the alignment of shank relative to shank-forefoot alignment (SFA) that may be practical to assess the combined rearfoot and forefoot alignments. Objective to develop a practical and reliable foot alignment measure.

Design observational cross-sectional.

Setting all testing took place in the Minas Tênis Club and Sports Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation Laboratory - LAPREV in youth and elite sports.

Participants 75 females and 125 male (mean+SD age, 15.6+3.8; height, 151.1+62.8; body mass, 64.53+14.9) athletes were evaluated in this study (n=200). Participants with a history of congenital deformity or lower-extremity surgery in the previous 6 months were excluded.

Assessment: Shank bisection and four calcaneus marks were drawn according to the standardised parameters. A metal rod was fixed under the forefoot, the ankle was actively positioned at 90° of dorsiflexion and a picture was taken. SIMI motion 2D was used to measure the rearfoot (relative to shank), forefoot (relative to rearfoot) and SFA angles.

Main outcome measurements rearfoot, forefoot and SFA angles.

Results The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) intratester was 0.89; 0.91 e 0.93 and intertester was 0.82; 0.91 e 0.90 (rearfoot, forefoot and SFA respectively). The means for each foot alignment were -1.83+3.3 (rearfoot), 16.25+8.9 (forefoot) and 13.9+2.6 (SFA). The agreement (ICC) of the sum of rearfoot and forefoot values with SFA was 0.98.

Conclusion SFA reflects the sum of rearfoot and forefoot alignments, which supports the use of this measure. This protocol is reliable and it is possible to assess one athlete in proximally 5 min. Thus, these measures can be used in preseason assessments of injury risk factors in athletes.
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Griff · Mar 30, 2011

Nice reliability study. Hopefully this is work which is ongoing, and this group will publish some papers on how/if this new measurement correlates with lower limb musculoskeletal overuse injury. Until then it's just another potentially 'meaningless' measurement (albeit a very repeatable one).

Thus, these measures can be used in preseason assessments of injury risk factors in athletes.
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Er... no. You can't get there from here.

NewsBot · Jan 3, 2017

Reliability of digital photography for assessing lower extremity alignment in individuals with flatfeet and normal feet types
Zinat Ashnagar et al
Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies; Article in Press

Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate the intratester reliability of digital photographic method for quantifying static lower extremity alignment in individuals with flatfeet and normal feet types.

Methods
Thirteen females with flexible flatfeet and nine females with normal feet types were recruited from university communities. Reflective markers were attached over the participant's body landmarks. Frontal and sagittal plane photographs were taken while the participants were in a standardized standing position. The markers were removed and after 30 min the same procedure was repeated. Pelvic angle, quadriceps angle, tibiofemoral angle, genu recurvatum, femur length and tibia length were measured from photographs using the Image j software.

Results
All measured variables demonstrated good to excellent intratester reliability using digital photography in both flatfeet (ICC: 0.79–0.93) and normal feet type (ICC: 0.84–0.97) groups.

Conclusion
The findings of the current study indicate that digital photography is a highly reliable method of measurement for assessing lower extremity alignment in both flatfeet and normal feet type groups.
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