Overpronation and achilles tendon blood flow

NewsBot · Sep 27, 2016

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The effect of foot overpronation on Achilles tendon blood supply in healthy male subjects
K. Karzs, M. Kalogeris, D. Mandalidis, N. Geladas, K. Karteroliotis and S. Athanasopoulos
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports; Early View

The purpose of this study was to investigate Achilles tendon blood flow in individuals with overpronated feet during non-weight- and weight-bearing positions. Achilles tendon blood flow was measured by means of the pulsatility index (PI) and the resistance index (RI) in 15 male individuals with overpronated feet and 15 counterparts with normal feet, using power Doppler ultrasonography (PDI). Achilles tendon ultrasonographic (US) assessment was performed at its musculo-tendinous junction (MTJ), mid-tendon (MT), and osseotendinous junction (OTJ) at a non-weight-bearing relaxed position (RP) and during two-leg stance (TLS) and one-leg upright stance (OLS). PI and RI indices were significantly greater in individuals with overpronated feet compared to individuals with normal feet at the OTJ in OLS position (P < 0.01), and at MT in both TLS (P < 0.001) and OLS positions (P < 0.001). All individuals demonstrated also greater PI and RI indices at MT followed by the OTJ and MTJ in all positions (P < 0.001), and in OLS compared to TLS and the RP at the OTJ (P < 0.01) as well as at MT and MTJ (P < 0.001). The findings of the present study suggest that foot overpronation may affect Achilles tendon blood flow, particularly at mid-tendon, thus enhancing the possibility for injury.
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Craig Payne · Feb 14, 2017

Blogged about this study:
http://www.runresearchjunkie.com/overpronation-and-achilles-tendon-blood-flow/

and have this study too:
DOES FOOT PRONATION CAUSES VASCULAR CONSTRICTION?
Evi Wezenbeek et al
Monaco abstracts

Background The most popular hypothesis of the etiology of Achilles tendinopathy suggests that excessive pronation causes conflicting rotational motions, leading to a vascular constriction of the Achilles tendon, described as the “whipping phenomenon” (Clement et al., 1984). Although several studies identified pronation as a risk factor for the development of Achilles tendinopathy, the hypothesis that foot pronation causes vascular constriction of the tendon has not been investigated.

Objective Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the amount of pronation during running influences the Achilles tendon blood flow.

Design Cross-sectional study.

Setting Runners Service Lab, Zwijndrecht, Belgium.

Patients (or Participants) Twenty-five experienced runners (average running time 6.1±2.4 hours/week) aged 34.5±10.2 years participated in this study.

Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors) 2D-lower limb kinematics during barefoot and shod running in both frontal and sagittal plane were assessed. Blood flow of the Achilles tendon was measured before and after barefoot and shod running, by use of the oxygen-to-see device.

Main Outcome Measurements The increase of blood flow after running was registered as outcome variable. Mixed models analyses were executed with kinematic variables as fixed predictors.

Results The results of this study confirm that the more pronation excursion during running, the lower the increase in blood flow after running in both insertion and midportion (p=0.085 and 0.037, respectively). In addition, this study revealed that a higher average pronation velocity indicates a lower increase in blood flow after running at insertion (p=0.044). Next, this study also showed that the dorsiflexion excursion or the foot strike pattern was not correlated with blood flow after running.

Conclusions We can conclude that our findings indicate that foot pronation causes vascular constriction of the Achilles tendon, and therefore support this aspect of the whipping phenomenon.
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