Dentition and foot weightbearing

NewsBot · Feb 24, 2006

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Weight distributions on soles of feet in the primary and early permanent dentition with normal occlusion.
J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2005;30(2):165-8

This study investigated the differences of weight distribution on the sole of the feet in the primary and the early permanent dentition by the modifying Morton staticometer. The distribution of body weight in the outer forward part on soles of feet in the permanent dentition group was significantly greater than that in the primary dentition group. The distribution of body weight in the heel on soles of feet in the permanent dentition group was significantly smaller than that in the primary dentition group. These results indicated that the weight was shifted from the heels to the forefeet from primary to permanent dentition.
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NewsBot · Jul 21, 2011

Interrelationships between dental occlusion and plantar arch.
Cuccia AM.
J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2011 Apr;15(2):242-50

OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different jaw relationships on the plantar arch during gait.

METHODS:
168 subjects, participating in this study, were distributed into two groups: a control (32 males and 52 females, ranging from 18 to 36 years of age) and a Temporomandibular joint disorders group (28 males and 56 females, ranging from 19 to 42 years of age). Five baropodometric variables were evaluated using a baropodometric platform: the mean load pressure on the plantar surface, the total surface of feet, forefoot vs rearfoot loading, forefoot vs rearfoot surface, and the percentage of body weight on each limb. The tests were performed in three dental occlusion conditions: mandibular rest position (REST); voluntary teeth clenching (VTC); and cotton rolls placed between the upper and the lower dental arches without clenching (CR). The variables were analyzed through repeated measures ANOVA. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the postural parameters of the two groups. The level of significance was p < 0.05.

RESULTS:
As to the intra-group analysis of TMD group, all posturographic parameters in both lower limbs showed a significant difference between REST vs CR (P < 0.001) and between VTC vs CR (p < 0.001), except for the percentage of body weight on each limb. The control group showed a significant difference between REST vs VTC, REST vs CR and VTC vs CR (p < 0.001) in the mean load pressure on the plantar arch, forefoot surface, rearfoot surface and total surface of feet. The mean load pressure on the plantar arch in VTC, and the forefoot and total surfaces of feet in CR (p < 0.05) were significantly higher in the TMD group in both limbs. The results of this study indicate that there are differences in the plantar arch between the TMD group and control group and that, in each group, the condition of voluntary tooth clenching determines a load reduction and an increase in surface on both feet, while the inverse situation occurs with cotton rolls. The results also suggest that a change in the load distribution between forefoot and backfoot when cotton rolls were placed between the dental arches can be considered as a possible indicator of a pathological condition of the stomatognathic system (SS) which could influence posture. Therefore the use of posture monitoring systems during the treatment of stomatognathic system is justified.
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Brian A. Rothbart · Jul 22, 2011

Dentition impacts the feet as well as feet impacting the dentition. We (posturologists) refer to the former as Descending Patterns and the latter as Ascending Patterns. Cuccia's paper suggests this correlation that posturologists in Europe have been writing about for years.

If you accept the Neurophysiological Model as an explanation as to how the Ascending Patterns can result in postural distortions (Rothbart, Podiatry Revew July/Aug 2011), then you might anticipate a reciprocal relationship between the jaw and the feet. All interesting possibilities. Might make a good thread of discussion.

Professor Rothbart

Robertisaacs · Jul 23, 2011

I really don't want to get into this again. But this

This study investigated the differences of weight distribution on the sole of the feet in the primary and the early permanent dentition by the modifying Morton staticometer. The distribution of body weight in the outer forward part on soles of feet in the permanent dentition group was significantly greater than that in the primary dentition group. The distribution of body weight in the heel on soles of feet in the permanent dentition group was significantly smaller than that in the primary dentition group. These results indicated that the weight was shifted from the heels to the forefeet from primary to permanent dentition.
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Is a contender for the most egregious debasement of science I have ever read. Seriously.

The Mortons staticometer (had to google it) was a patent from 1929. Kinda dinosaur Fscan http://www.freepatentsonline.com/1733510.pdf . Way to keep up with the cutting edge.

Primary dentition = baby teeth
Perminant dentition = grown up teeth.

So the study finds that between little tiny kiddies (baby teeth) and older children (grown up teeth) there is more weight on the forefoot with the older ones... and the inference is that this difference is because of the teeth.

Because of course nothing else changes between 5 years old and 15 years old.

I feel a Carl hooper moment coming on!!!:bang:

Simon Spooner · Jul 24, 2011

What you really need is a pipe to compensate for any asymmetrical clenching of the dentition, that'll sort your plantar pressures out. Just thought of a great study, plantar pressures in pipe smokers..... sub-genius.

Perthpod · Jul 24, 2011

Wow, then you can do a study on the incidence of ulcer positioning in pipe smokers with periph. vasc. disease and non-evenly distributed plantar pressures! Of course with the teeth/butt clenching control group ;D

NewsBot · May 17, 2012

Effects of experimental leg length discrepancies on body posture and dental occlusion.
Maeda N, Sakaguchi K, Mehta NR, Abdallah EF, Forgione AG, Yokoyama A.
Cranio. 2011 Jul;29(3):194-203.

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the effects of experimental leg length discrepancies on body posture and dental occlusion. Thirty asymptomatic subjects (15 males and 15 females, ages 19-33, mean age 25.6 years) were included in this study and randomly assigned to one of two groups based on a table of random numbers. The only difference between group A and group B was the sequence of testing. Experimental leg length discrepancies were provided by using ten types of insoles with heights ranging from one to ten mm at one mm intervals, placed under both feet. The MatScan (Nitta Corp., Osaka, Japan) system was used to measure changes in body posture (center of foot pressure: COP) while subjects maintained the following three postural positions: 1. natural standing posture (control); 2. control with a heel lift under the right foot; or 3. control with a heel lift under the left foot. The T-Scan II system (Nitta Corp., Osaka, Japan) was used to analyze the results of changes in dental occlusion (center of occlusal force: COF) in the above-mentioned three postural positions. When subjects used a heel lift of six mm or more under the right foot, lateral weight distribution (LWD) shifted to the right side compared to the control (p<0.05). When a heel lift of four mm or more was used under the left foot, LWD shifted to the left side compared to the control (p<0.05). When subjects used a heel lift of eight mm or more under the right foot, occlusal force shifted to the right side compared to the control (p<0.05). When subjects used a heel lift of seven mm or more under the left foot, occlusal force shifted to the left side compared to the control (p<0.05). Based on these findings, it was concluded that leg length discrepancy affected body posture and dental occlusion.
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NewsBot · Feb 20, 2013

Evaluation of the correlation between dental occlusion and posture using a force platform.
Baldini A, Nota A, Tripodi D, Longoni S, Cozza P.
Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2013 Jan;68(1):45-49.

OBJECTIVES:
Force platforms are widely used to evaluate the relationship between posture and dental occlusion. This study evaluated whether force platforms are able to detect eventual postural modifications resulting from dental occlusion.

METHOD:
A total of 44 healthy volunteers who were given no information on the aim of the study underwent six postural stabilometric exams under different mandibular and visual conditions. Four parameters were considered: sway area, sway velocity, X axis displacement of the center of the foot pressure and Y axis displacement of the center of the foot pressure.

RESULTS:
An analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed the relative influence of each factor; specifically, the ocular afference significantly influenced the sway area and sway velocity parameters, and the mandibular position had only aweakinfluence on theswayareaparameter.

CONCLUSIONS:
Vision was shown to influence body posture, and a weak correlation was observed between mandibular position and body posture in healthy subjects. However, the force platform is most likely not able to clearly detect this relationship. Gnathologists must use caution when using force platform analysis to modify a therapeutic plan. The sway area seems to be the most sensitive parameter for evaluating the effect of occlusion on body posture.
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NewsBot · Aug 24, 2015

Influence of the Lower Jaw Position on the Running Pattern
Christian Maurer , Felix Stief, Alexander Jonas, Andrej Kovac, David Alexander Groneberg, Andrea Meurer, Daniela Ohlendorf
PLoS ONE 10(8): e0135712. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0135712

Introduction
The effects of manipulated dental occlusion on body posture has been investigated quite often and discussed controversially in the literature. Far less attention has been paid to the influence of dental occlusion position on human movement. If human movement was analysed, it was mostly while walking and not while running. This study was therefore designed to identify the effect of lower jaw positions on running behaviour according to different dental occlusion positions.

Methods
Twenty healthy young recreational runners (mean age = 33.9?5.8 years) participated in this study. Kinematic data were collected using an eight-camera Vicon motion capture system (VICON Motion Systems, Oxford, UK). Subjects were consecutively prepared with four different dental occlusion conditions in random order and performed five running trials per test condition on a level walkway with their preferred running shoes. Vector based pattern recognition methods, in particular cluster analysis and support vector machines (SVM) were used for movement pattern identification.

Results
Subjects exhibited unique movement patterns leading to 18 clusters for the 20 subjects. No overall classification of the splint condition could be observed. Within individual subjects different running patterns could be identified for the four splint conditions. The splint conditions lead to a more symmetrical running pattern than the control condition.

Discussion
The influence of an occlusal splint on running pattern can be confirmed in this study. Wearing a splint increases the symmetry of the running pattern. A more symmetrical running pattern might help to reduce the risk of injuries or help in performance. The change of the movement pattern between the neutral condition and any of the three splint conditions was significant within subjects but not across subjects. Therefore the dental splint has a measureable influence on the running pattern of subjects, however subjects individuality has to be considered when choosing the optimal splint condition for a specific subject.
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Hat tip: LER

NewsBot · Jun 7, 2016

Gait changes after using a temporomandibular joint exerciser in patients who underwent lower limb joint surgery
Gu-Yeung Chung et al
Journal of Physical Therapy Science Vol. 28 (2016) No. 5 May p. 1584-1587

[Purpose] The improvements in gait of the patients with lower limb disease who used a temporomandibular joint (TMJ) exerciser were verified.
[Subjects and Methods] Eleven subjects were included. Their mean age was 53.2 years. The lower limb joint angles before and after using the TMJ exerciser were measured using a gait analyzer. Before the gait experiment, the TMJ exerciser setting process and one-leg stance balance test (OLST) were repeated until the balance maintenance time improved.
[Results] Because of the OLST, the mean change in the body center point after the subjects used the exerciser improved from 5.76 mm to 4.20 mm. When the TMJ exerciser was used, the joint angle range of the subjects approached that of the normal individuals.
[Conclusion] According to the gait experiments, the angles of the subjects’ hips, knees, and ankle joints approached to those of the normal individuals after the subjects used the TMJ exerciser; however, the results did not completely match. The changes in the hip, knee, and ankle joint angles were statistically significant, which confirm the usefulness of the TMJ exerciser.
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NewsBot · May 11, 2018

Relationship between foot posture and dental malocclusions in children aged 6 to 9 years: A cross-sectional study.
Marchena-Rodríguez A et al
Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 May;97(19):e0701. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000010701.

The aim of this study was to determine the association, if any, between foot posture and dental malocclusions in the anteroposterior plane, in children.The study population consisted of 189 children (95 boys and 94 girls) aged 6 to 9 years. In every case, previous informed consent was requested and obtained from the parent/guardian and the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Málaga (CEUMA 26/2015H).This observational, descriptive, cross-sectional analysis is based on a study population (STROBE). Qualified personnel conducted a podiatric and dental examination of each child, recording the Clarke angle and the foot posture index (FPI) as an outcomes measure in the feet, and also dental malocclusions, according to Angle classification.A significant correlation was observed for the FPI scores (for right foot) as well as the Clarke angle (for right foot), in relation to dental malocclusions as determined by Angle classification (P < .001). Of all the supinated feet analyzed, 38.46% were Class II according to Angle classification, and none were Class III. Of the pronated feet, 48.57% were Class III, 42.85% were Class I, and 8.57% were Class II.The Clarke angle decreases with the progression from Class I to III, whereas the FPI increases with that from Class I to III. These findings suggest there is a relation between the Clarke angle and FPI, on the one hand, and dental malocclusion on the other.
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NewsBot · Feb 13, 2020

Do different dental conditions influence the static plantar pressure and stabilometry in young adults?
Amaricai E et al
PLoS One. 2020 Feb 11;15(2)

BACKGROUND:
Posture is influenced by many factors and dental occlusion seems to have its role on postural stabilization. Our rationale to perform the study was to find out if there are differences of static plantar pressure and stabilometric parameters depending on different dental conditions.

METHODS:
The observational study consisted in plantar pressure assessment and stabilometric analysis of 95 right-handed healthy volunteer subjects (mean age 22.94 ± 2.52 years) by using the PoData system. Each subject followed four measurements with open eyes: mandibular postural position, maximum intercuspation, biting on cotton rolls and maximum mouth opening. Plantar pressure was recorded on 1st and 5th metatarsal heads and heel, and was expressed as percentage of weight distribution on each foot. The recorded centre of pressure (CoP) parameters were: CoP path length, 90%confidence ellipse area and maximum CoP speed. Statistical analysis used repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni posthoc analysis and Friedman test.

RESULTS:
Loading on the left 5th metatarsal head was significantly higher in maximum mouth opening condition when compared to maximum intercuspation and to biting on cotton rolls. The left heel loading was significantly lower in the maximum mouth opening in comparison to maximum intercuspation. The CoP path length and maximum CoP speed were significantly higher in maximum mouth opening compared to the other three conditions. Confidence ellipse area had significantly lower values in maximum intercuspation and in the biting on cotton rolls conditions compared to the mandibular postural position, and in maximum intercuspation compared to maximum mouth opening.

CONCLUSION:
In young adults with an optimum functional occlusion the static plantar pressure is influenced by the maximum mouth opening. An improved postural stability was recorded in maximum intercuspation (a condition used during swallowing) in comparison to mandibular postural position (a condition that allows relaxation of the masticatory muscles after functional moments).
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NewsBot · Jun 3, 2021

Plantar Pressure Variations Induced by Experimental Malocclusion-A Pilot Case Series Study
Simona Maria Iacob et al
Healthcare (Basel). 2021 May 18;9(5):599

Background: All body systems involved in ensuring a healthy posture (musculoskeletal system, oculomotor, oto-vestibular and occluso-cranial-mandibular) are essential in maintaining postural balance.

Research question: Does experimental malocclusion in subjects in static position determine variations in plantar pressure?

Methods: Overall, 31 subjects were included in the study. The plantar pressure was evaluated in five different points: lateral and medial heel, midfoot, 1st and 5th metatarsal area. Using a specially designed splint, an artificial malocclusion was induced on the right hemimandibular arch. The pressure was measured at 0 (T0), 15 (T1) and 30 min (T2) after splint application.

Results: The right external plantar sensors recorded statistically significant differences in pressure values after 15 min of splint wear (5th metatarsal area, p = 0.05; midfoot, p = 0.04). Important pressure values were also recorded by the left internal plantar sensors (1st metatarsal, p = 0.01; medial heel, p = 0.006), after 30 min of splint wear.

Conclusions: Asymmetrical experimental malocclusion produces early changes in plantar pressure, a proof of compensatory mechanisms induced by secondary postural imbalance.
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Brian A. Rothbart · Jun 3, 2021

Perthpod said: ↑

Wow, then you can do a study on the incidence of ulcer positioning in pipe smokers with periph. vasc. disease and non-evenly distributed plantar pressures! Of course with the teeth/butt clenching control group ;D
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It has been 15 years since you commented on the foot to occlusal link. Since then, research has been done validating this link. Below is what I first proposed in 2004.

NewsBot · Jul 12, 2021

Dental Malocclusion and Its Relation to the Podal System
María E Cabrera-Domínguez et al
Front Pediatr. 2021 Jun 22

Background and Objective: This study analyzes the possibility that Stomatognathic and Postural systems are related by muscle chains. Malocclusion may influence the posture, contact between the foot and the ground, center of mass, footprint or vice-versa. This study aimed to verify whether there is a relationship between dental occlusion and podal system. Materials and Methods: A cross-cutting, descriptive study was carried out on 409 children (222 boys and 187 girls) between 8 and 14 years old. Dental occlusion was assessed on the sagittal plane (Angle's classification) the contact between the foot and the ground and the center of mass were evaluated using a stabilometric platform. Results: There was a statistically significant relationship between the plantigrade phase, the contact surface area and center of gravity. There was a prevalence of molar and canine Angle's class II malocclusion. In molar class II, an anterior center of gravity was predominant, in class I it was centered and in class III, it was posterior. There was significant correlation between malocclusions and the FPI (foot posture index) of the left foot and the height of the scaphoid in the right foot (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Some authors agree with our results. There is still much uncertainty in terms of showing a relationship between both systems. In addition, there is scarce scientific evidence on the topic. Some kind of relationship between the two systems has been proven. Studies that evaluate a group of subjects in a longitudinal manner are necessary to enable the changes taking place in both systems to be defined.
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NewsBot · Jul 21, 2021

Analysis of the foot load in subjects with prevalent unilateral chewing
M S Giacomello et al
J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. Mar-Apr 2021;35(2 Suppl. 1):1-8

The relationship between occlusion and posture has been and is still strongly debated. This study examines 40 male and female healthy subjects, (11 males and 29 females, average age: 26.27 years, st dv: 3.03) aged between 21 and 32. The baropodometric evaluation was performed with the subject in rest position and in usual centric occlusion. The results obtained were analyzed using a baropodometric platform and Freesteps software (Sensor Medica srl, Rome - Italy) analyzing the podalic load, the foot axis and the foot angles. The values reported show that 80% of subjects in rest position (p-value 0.01) and 70% of subjects in centric occlusion (p-value 0.05) have a greater foot load in the contralateral foot compared to the chewing side; moreover, the foot axis values are statistically significant because 77% of subjects in rest position and 72% in centric occlusion have a foot axis more open on the same side than the chewing one. The foot angles values are not significant. These results could be understood analyzing the activation of the body muscular chains: on the chewing side there is an increase of the activity of the flexion chain with side bending of the trunk. This induces a change of the body barycenter compensated by an outer rotation of the homolateral leg and foot; moreover, the body bending creates a false short leg on the same side, explaining the excess of podalic load on the other side. These values show that the hypothesis of a correlation appears to be likely, although obviously it still needs confirmation and further analysis.
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Brian A. Rothbart · Jul 21, 2021

Simon Spooner said: ↑

What you really need is a pipe to compensate for any asymmetrical clenching of the dentition, that'll sort your plantar pressures out. Just thought of a great study, plantar pressures in pipe smokers..... sub-genius.
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For nearly 15 years now I have been talking about (and publishing my research) on the link between the feet and cranium. Your comments on the subject have been very jocular.

Have you been following the plethora of new research linking abnormal foot functions to changes in dentition? (Many have been cited in this thread)

Any new thoughts you would like to share?

Rothbart BA 2008. Vertical Facial Dimensions Linked to Abnormal Foot Motion. Journal American Podiatric Medical Association, 98(3):01-08, May.

Rothbart BA 2013. Prescriptive Insoles and Dental Orthotics Change the Frontal Plane Position of the Atlas (C1), Mastoid, Malar, Temporal and Sphenoid Bones: A Preliminary Study. Journal of Cranio Manidibular and Sleep Practice, Vol 31(4):300-308.

NewsBot · Nov 6, 2022

Influence of occlusion and mandibular position on foot support and head posture in adult patients
Montserrat Diéguez-Pérez et al
Cranio. 2022 Nov 5

Objective: To study postural changes, taking into account different mandibular positions and the cephalic and plantar body segments.

Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive, clinical, and observational study was carried out on 76 patients, (mean age 28.79 years), in whom body posture and plantar support were evaluated in the maximum mandibular intercuspal position and the mandibular rest position without dental contact.

Results: When the mandibular position was altered, 71.01% of the patients showed changes in the bipupillary line (p = 0.008), while those who did not show such changes did, however, show changes in plantar support. More than 85% of the sample experienced alterations in the plantar plane when the mandibular position was changed, with statistically significant results (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: There is a positive relationship between the different segments in body posture. In the sample, changes in plantar support with respect to the different mandibular positions were noticeable.
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Brian A. Rothbart · Nov 6, 2022

It is very gratifying to see more published papers on the link between the feet and the cranium. When I first published my research suggesting this link (nearly 20 years ago), it was not well received on this forum.

We, as Podiatrists, missed that opportunity to have that discussion and place our profession at the forefront of this novel research.

NewsBot · Feb 7, 2023

Dental Malocclusion in Mixed Dentition Children and Its Relation to Podal System and Gait Parameters
Dorota Różańska-Perlińska et al
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 2716; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032716

Background: Dental malocclusion is an increasingly frequent stomatognathic disorder in children and adolescents nowadays. The purpose of this study was to confirm or deny the correlations between body posture and malocclusion. Methods: In the study, gait, distribution of foot pressure on the ground, and body balance were examined. The research group consisted of 76 patients aged 12–15 years. The research group was obtained from patients attending periodic dental check-ups at Healthcare Center Your Health EL who agreed to participate in the study. The patients were divided into two groups without malocclusion and with malocclusion, using Angle classification, which enabled determination of the anteroposterior relationship of the first molars. The pedobarographic mat was used to analyze the distribution of foot forces on the ground, the diagnostic system Wiva® Science was used for gait analysis, and Kineod 3D was used for posture analysis. The Shapiro–Wilk test used for analysis showed inconsistency with normal distribution for all measurement parameters. The Mann–Whitney U test was used for the analysis, and the significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Examination of the relationship between stabilometric and gait parameters showed that the position of the mandible in relation to maxilla has an important effect on gait rhythm, gait cycle duration, and right step duration time. Patients diagnosed with malocclusion showed high-speed walking rhythm in comparison to patients with Angle’s class I (p = 0.010). The duration of the whole gait cycle (p = 0.007) and the duration of right step (p = 0.027) were prolonged in students without orthodontic disorders compared to the other. Conclusions: The conducted study proved that there is correlation between the presence of a stomatognathic disorder and gait cycle parameters. There is a statistically noticeable correspondence between the position of the mandible in relation to maxilla and walking rhythm, gait cycle duration, and right step duration time. Namely, students who presented malocclusion had a high-speed walking rhythm and decreased duration of the gait cycle and of the right step. On the other hand, students without disorders (Angle’s class I) showed low-speed rhythm and increased duration of the gait cycle and of the right step in comparison to Angle’s classes II and III.
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NewsBot · Mar 30, 2023

The Association between Masticatory Muscles Activation and Foot Pressure Distribution in Older Female Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Giuseppe Messina et al
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Mar 14;20(6):5137

The association between craniofacial muscles and postural control is well-known because of numerous anatomical connections. However, there are a few conflicting studies that correlated the activity of the masticatory muscles with the distribution of body weight pressure on the feet, which can strongly influence balance. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to evaluate the association between the masseter and temporalis muscle activity and foot pressure distribution. Fifty-two women were recruited, and baropodometric and EMG analyses of the masseter and temporalis baseline activities were analyzed. An ipsilateral association was found between the right temporal muscle activity and the right rearfoot load (r = 0.29, p < 0.05) and right forefoot load (r = -0.29; p < 0.05), as well as the percentage of muscle activation of the right masseter muscles with the percentage of pressure on the right forefoot (r = 0.31, p < 0.05) and right rearfoot (r = -0.31, p < 0.05). While further studies are needed, an ipsilateral association was found between masticatory muscles and foot pressure distribution.
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NewsBot · Jul 26, 2023

Effect of masticatory movements on head and trunk sways, and sitting and foot pressure distributions during sitting position
Kiwamu Sakaguchi et al
J Oral Rehabil. 2023 Jul 7

Background: The head plays an important role in the postural control. Chewing co-activates jaw and neck muscles leading to coordinated jaw and head-neck movements. Therefore, to examine effect of masticatory movements on head and trunk sways, and sitting and foot pressure distributions during mastication is helpful in the attempt to understand the interrelationship between stomatognathic function and posture control system in the sitting position.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis in healthy subjects that masticatory movements affect head and trunk sways and sitting and foot pressure distributions during sitting position.

Methods: A total of 30 healthy male subjects with an average age of 25.3 years (range, 22-32 years) were evaluated. The CONFORMat™ and MatScan™ system were used to analyse changes in sitting pressure distribution center of sitting pressure (COSP) and changes in foot pressure distribution center of foot pressure (COFP), respectively, and the three-dimensional motion analysis system was used to analyse changes in head and trunk postures while subjects remained sitting position with rest position, centric occlusion and chewing. The total trajectory length of COSP/COFP, COSP/COFP area, and head and trunk sway values were compared between the three conditions to evaluate whether masticatory movement affected the stability of head and trunk sways and sitting and foot pressure distributions.

Results: Total trajectory length of COSP and COSP area during chewing were significantly shorter and smaller respectively than it was in rest position and centric occlusion (p ⟨ .016). Head sway value during chewing was significantly larger than it was in rest position and centric occlusion (p ⟨ .016).

Conclusion: Masticatory movements affect sitting pressure distribution and head movements during sitting position.
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NewsBot · Dec 26, 2023

The effectiveness of orthotics in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorder: A scoping review
Roberto Tedeschi
Advances in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery ;Volume 13, March 2024, 100469

Background
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pathology and masticatory muscle dysfunction, as well as the influence of proprioceptive and dental treatments on the position of cranial bones and the Atlas, are important and interesting subjects in the field of medicine.

Aim
Evaluate the existing evidence base regarding the use of foot orthotics in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs).

Methods
Two studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a new complex approach to the treatment of TMJ pathology and masticatory muscle dysfunction, including myofascial exercises and posture correction insoles. The influence of proprioceptive and dental treatments on the position of cranial bones and the Atlas was also evaluated.

Results
From 23 initial registrations, 2 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. One article was an RTC and one a case series. The first study showed a significant increase in treatment efficacy compared to the control group. The second study showed that the Atlas was the point of greatest movement in terms of frontal position and that the sphenoid was the point of least movement.

Conclusions
These two studies are important for the development of new and effective treatments for TMJ pathology and masticatory muscle dysfunction, as well as for understanding the influence of proprioceptive and dental treatments on the position of cranial bones and the Atlas. It will be interesting to see how these findings will influence future clinical practice and patient care for these conditions.
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Brian A. Rothbart · Dec 27, 2023

In 2013/4 I published a research paper in Cranio demonstrating that proprioceptive insoles changed/normalized the position of the cranial bones.
Hopefully, my research on the link between proprioceptive insoles and pregnancy will be carried on by other reseachers.

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