Effects of foot orthotics on running economy

NewsBot · May 29, 2012

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Effects of foot orthotics on running economy: methodological considerations.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2012 May;35(4):327-36.

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of the study was to collect preliminary data to address methodological considerations that may impact subject-specific reactions to foot orthotics during running.

METHODS:
Six endurance-trained recreational runners recruited from a chiropractic college campus wore their preferred running shoes and then inserted either their custom-made orthotics during 1 testing session or their shoe-fitted insoles during the other testing session. Comfort perception was measured for each footwear condition. Measurements of oxygen consumption (Vo(2)) at several moderate exercise intensities, to mimic recreational running, generated an individual's economy-of-running line. Predicted running velocity at Vo(2max) (vVo(2max)) was calculated as an index of endurance performance. Lower extremity muscle activity was recorded. Descriptive statistics, a repeated-measures analysis of variance model, and a paired t test were used to document any systematic changes in running economy, lower extremity muscle activities, and vVo(2max) within and across subjects as a function of footwear conditions.

RESULTS:
Decreases in Vo(2) at several moderate exercise intensities (F((1,5)footwear) = 10.37, P = .023) and increases in vVo(2max) (t(5) = 4.20, P = .008) occurred in all 6 subjects while wearing their orthotic intervention vs their shoe-fitted insoles. There were no consistent changes in lower extremity muscle activity.

CONCLUSIONS:
Methodological decisions to use a sustained incremental exercise protocol at several moderate exercise intensities and to measure comfort perception of a custom-molded foot orthosis were effective at documenting systematic improvements in running economy among the 6 recreational runners tested. The development of a less physically demanding sustained exercise protocol is necessary to determine underlying neuromuscular mechanisms and/or clinical effectiveness of orthotic interventions.
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Simon Spooner · May 29, 2012

http://www.podiatry-arena.com/podiatry-forum/showpost.php?p=262096&postcount=340

Kevin Kirby · May 30, 2012

Simon Spooner said: ↑

http://www.podiatry-arena.com/podiatry-forum/showpost.php?p=262096&postcount=340
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I always worry about the usefulness of a journal article when the article's first sentence reads as:

Foot is changed more than other parts of body.
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:bang:

Simon Spooner · May 30, 2012

Kevin Kirby said: ↑

I always worry about the usefulness of a journal article when the article's first sentence reads as:

:bang:
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I'd say its obviously been translated into English from Iranian. How's your Persian, Kevin? To be honest, I ignored much of the writing and just looked at the data. Which was statistically significant, but with pretty small changes in clinical terms.

Anyway, it is interesting that despite the increased mass, the orthoses resulted in increased metabolic efficiency in both of these studies. It would be interesting to see the differences when shoe + orthoses mass is controlled for.

NewsBot · Jul 19, 2022

Effect of Foot Orthoses on Running Economy and Foot Longitudinal Arch Motion in Runners With Flat-Arched Feet
Daniel Crago, John B. Arnold, and Christopher Bishop
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance: 10 Mar 2021

Purpose: To determine the effect of manipulating foot longitudinal arch motion with different-stiffness foot orthoses on running economy (RE) in runners with flat-arched feet and if changes in arch deformation and recoil were associated with changes in RE. Methods: Twenty-three recreational distance runners performed 5-minute submaximal treadmill runs at 12 km·h−1, in the following 3 conditions in a randomized order: (1) footwear only, (2) flexible orthoses (reduced arch thickness), and (3) standard orthoses. The RE (submaximal steady-state oxygen consumption [VO2submax]) and sagittal arch range of motion were compared among conditions using a repeated-measures analysis of variance and effect sizes (Cohen d). Pearson correlation coefficients were used to determine the association between the change in the sagittal arch range of motion and VO2submax. Results: Compared with standard orthoses, the mean VO2submax was significantly lower in both the flexible orthoses (−0.8 mL·kg−1·min−1, P < .001, d = 0.35) and footwear-only conditions (−1.2 mL·kg−1·min−1, P < .001, d = 0.49). The change in VO2submax between the flexible orthoses and footwear-only conditions was significantly positively correlated with the change in sagittal arch range of motion (r = .591, P = .005). Conclusion: Conventional foot orthoses were associated with poorer RE compared with flexible orthoses and footwear alone. Changes in arch deformation were positively correlated to changes in oxygen consumption, indicating that foot orthoses that limit arch deformation and recoil degrade RE. Foot orthoses that facilitate energy storage and release in the foot longitudinal arch may be advisable for athletes prescribed these devices for clinical purposes to maintain optimal running performance.
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