Aluminum foot insoles reduce plantar forefoot pressure and increase foot comfort for motorcyclists

NewsBot · May 20, 2018

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Aluminum foot insoles reduce plantar forefoot pressure and increase foot comfort for motorcyclists
Israel Casado-Hernández, Ricardo Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo, Daniel López-López, ...
Prosthetics and Orthotics International May 18, 2018

Background:
Foot pain and paresthesia are common in cycling, due to plantar pressure and repetitive loading.

Objectives:
The aim was to investigate the effect of foot insoles on plantar pressure of the foot in motorcycling, as well as self-reported comfort.

Study design:
A randomized crossover clinical trial.

Methods:
A flexible foot pressure mat (GP MobilData WiFi® Gebiomized®) with different sizes was utilized.

Results:
Maximum pressure values occurred predominantly in the hallux with 4.90 ± 1.19 N/cm2, followed by second and third metatarsal areas with 4.57 ± 0.73 N/cm2, followed by the first metatarsal area with 4.30 ± 0.96 N/cm2, and followed by the fourth and fifth metatarsal areas with 3.22 ± 0.89 N/cm2 when using the control foot insole and using aluminum foot insole, which reduces maximum pressure to 1.55 ± 0.34, 1.56 ± 0.75, 1.09 ± 0.43, and 1.07 ± 0.59 N/cm2, respectively (p < 0.001), with an effect size of 3.828, 4.067, 4.315, and 2.847, respectively.

Conclusion:
The use of an aluminum foot insole significantly reduced maximum pressure during motorcycling.

Clinical relevance
In this study, an aluminum insole in a motorcycling boot was shown to decrease maximum pressure on the foot. Comfort was significantly higher than that from ethylene vinyl acetate or commercial boot inserts. This increased comfort and decreased pressure should result in increased safety and control for motorcyclists.
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NewsBot · May 20, 2018

The insoles:

NewsBot · May 19, 2019

Electromyographic Evaluation of the Impacts of Different Insoles in the Activity Patterns of the Lower Limb Muscles during Sport Motorcycling: A Cross-Over Trial.
Casado-Hernández I et al
Sensors (Basel). 2019 May 15;19(10)

Customized foot insoles (CFI) have been recognized to reduce the prevalence of foot disorders in sport. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of four types of CFI on the activity patterns of the lower limb muscles (LLM) in healthy people during sport motorcycling.

METHODS:
This was a cross-over trial (NCT03734133. Participants were recruited from an outpatient foot specialist clinic. Their mean age was 33 ± 5.14 years. While participants were sport motorcycling in a simulator, the electromyography (EMG) function was registered for LLM via surface electrodes. Participants completed separate tests while wearing one of four types of CFI: (1) only polypropylene (58° Shore D), (2) selective aluminum (60 HB Brinell hardness) in metatarsal and first hallux areas and polypropylene elsewhere (58° Shore D), (3) ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) (52° Shore A), and (4) standard EVA (25° Shore A) as the control.

RESULTS:
The activity patterns of the LLM while sport motorcycling showed significantly lower peak amplitude for the selective aluminum CFI than the other types of CFI.

CONCLUSION:
EMG amplitude peaks for several LLM were smaller for the hardest CFI (selective aluminum 60 HB Brinell hardness) than the other CFIs (polypropylene 58° Shore D, EVA 52° Shore A, and standard EVA 25° Shore A), except for the fibularis longus in right curves that is increased when the knee touches the road increasing the stability.
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NewsBot · Mar 15, 2020

Influence of Different Hardness Custom Foot Insoles in the Electromyography Activity Patterns of the Thigh and Hip Muscles during Motorcycling Sport: A Crossover Study.
Casado-Hernández I et al
Sensors (Basel). 2020 Mar 11;20(6)

Nowadays, the use of insoles in sport practice have been recognized to decrease the foot and lower limb injury patterns. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of four types of hardness insoles (HI) in the activity patterns of the hip and thigh muscles (HTM) in motoriders during motorcycling sport. The study was a crossover trial. Subjects were elite motoriders. The mean age was 33 ± 5.14 years. Electromyography (EMG) of hip and thigh muscles (HTM) data was registered via surface while subjects were riding on an elite motorcycle simulator. Subjects had to complete different tests with randomly hardest insoles (HI): 1: only polypropylene (58° D Shore); 2: Polypropylene (58° D Shore) with selective aluminium in hallux and metatarsal heads (60 HB Brinell hardness); 3: Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) (52° A Shore); and finally, 4: Ordinary EVA (25° A Shore) as the control. EMG patterns of the HTM, riding on an elite motorcycle simulator, showed the lowest peak amplitude with the insoles with polypropylene and selective aluminium. Using the hardest insoles in our study (selective aluminium) the EMG amplitude peaks decreased in all HTM.
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