Form determines function: Forgotten application to the human foot?

NewsBot · Jul 1, 2016

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Form determines function: Forgotten application to the human foot?
Mick Wilkinson and Lee Saxby
The Foot and Ankle Online Journal 9 (2): 5 (full text)

There has been and continues to be much debate about the merits and detriments of barefoot and minimal-shoe running. Research on causes of running-related injury is also characterised by equivocal findings. A factor common to both issues is the structure and function of the foot. Comparatively, this has received little attention. This perspective piece argues that foot function and in particular, how foot structure determines function, has largely been overlooked, despite basic principles of physics dictating both the link between structure and function and the importance of function for stability in locomotion. We recommend that foot shape and function be considered in the interpretation of existing findings and be incorporated into future investigations interested in running mechanics, injury mechanisms and the effects of footwear on both.
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NewsBot · May 18, 2018

Feet and Footwear: Applying Biological Design and Mismatch Theory to Running Injuries
Michael Wilkinson , Richard Stoneham and Lee Saxby
Int J Sports Exerc Med 4:090. doi.org/10.23937/2469-5718/1510090

The Endurance-Running hypothesis proposes that natural selection has shaped humans into endurance-running specialists. Running-related-injury rates between 20-79% suggests modern humans are prone to injury in this species-specific movement pattern. This opinion piece offers a novel perspective on high-injury prevalence in human endurance running, focussing on evolutionary mismatch between modern athletic footwear and evolved foot structure and function. We propose that non-anatomically shaped, structured, cushioned footwear can lead to maladapted foot structure and loss of biologically-normal function including stability, elasticity, sensory feedback and subsequent movement control. The structure and function of the human foot and its possible impairment by modern footwear has received little attention in running-related literature, but could provide a new area of enquiry and potential solutions for many running-related injuries.
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