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• When the body's weight is over the calcaneus (e.g., when the knees are straight), abnormal ( gravity drive) pronation is observed in the PreClinical Clubfoot Deformity.

• When the body's weight is over the inner arch and front part of the foot (e.g., forward lean, with knees bent), abnormal pronation is observed in both the PreClinical Clubfoot Deformity and Primus Metatarsus Supinatus (Rothbarts) Foot.

Both Primus Metatarsus Supinatus (Rothbarts) Foot and the PreClinical Clubfoot Deformity skews the signals being generated in the foot to the cerebellum (brain).

Both of these foot abnormal inherited foot structures result in postural distortions (foot to jaw) that frequently lead to chronic, debilitating muscle and joint pain.

Both of these foot structures are treated using a specific type of proprioceptive intervention, termed RPT. These insoles are not interchangeable.

The type of proprioceptive insole used in treating Primus Metatarsus Supinatus (Rothbarts) Foot is very different that the proprioceptive insole used to treat the PreClinical Clubfoot Deformity. Hence it is very important to make a differential diagnosis (determine which foot is present) before therapy is initiated.

The Knee Bend Test is used to help make this differential diagnosis (Rothbart, 2010).

• Rothbart BA 2010. The Primus Metatarsus Supinatus (Rothbarts) Foot and the PreClinical Clubfoot Deformity. Podiatry Review, Vol. 67(1):