Like the updates from the Live Updates from the International Running Symposium in Calgary from last year and other live updates, here come the updates from the Footwear Biomechanics Symposium; Liverpool 2015.
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Watch this space
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Awesome line up for the next few days:
http://footwearbiomechanics.org/fbs2015-program -
Darren Stefanyshyn
Footwear Research: Where do we go from here?
Stressed importance of individual vs general (ie systematic vs subject specific)
Too many retrospective studies
Lot of studies lack validation
Motion control shoes and foot orthotics with medial posting implemented to change variables that were thought to be associated with injury --> studies show we achieved that
…but did that change injury rates? Evidence would suggest that not the case (eg Ryan et al study from 2010) --> what have we been doing wrong? Maybe looking at wrong variable.
Biomechanists have not been doing prospective intervention studies
Daren does not understand how eversion causes knee pain --> challenged us to come up with an explanation.
Shoes and performance:
Different athletes need different solutions for improved performance but not sure why
Different athlete need different bending stiffness for performance
Which direction to go in:
Mapping footwear characteristics to injury (ie traction, mass, torsion, bending stiffness, insole texture, cushioning, posting, etc) map onto different activities and relationship to performance and injury
This mapping has to be done with prospective studies.
Ned Federicks in video made comment on the mass customisation of footwear and how they can address individual biomechanics -
Darren's presentation reminded me of one of Peter Cavanagh's a few yrs ago in which he argued for pretty much the same thing ... ie the taking of lab based research to the field or clinic with prospective studies to see if the interventions tested in the lab actually work
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Really refreshing to hear a man of Darren's calibre and experience stand in front of a room and be comfortable stating all the things he doesn't yet know or understand. He's been immediately added to my hero list...
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Great talk from Darren Stefanyshyn. The summary won't suprise anyone:
1. We don't know it all and there is a long way to go.
2. A move toward individualisation and 'mass customisation' is probably key
Great point made by Jo Hamill in the Q&A: this poses huge problem for shoe manufacturers (is it even logistically possible?) -
Sharon Dixon: Influence of variable stiffness footwear in running depends on runner characteristics
Attached Files:
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Visas Berki: Correlations between stance time and shear peaks on the plantar skin surface of diabetic and non-diabetic patients
Attached Files:
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Wish I could be there. Sounds like a great line-up of speakers!:drinks
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This looks like a fantastic conference. Keep the updates rolling.
Cheers -
This afternoons session is right up your street Ahole:
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Get well soon mate.
Poster presentations now. Looks to be some gems in here.Attached Files:
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Tobias Wunsch and team from Salzburg university have been studying the effects of leaf springed running shoes on lower limb muscle forces in running.
Compared to a standard EVA midsole mean muscle forces showed a significant reduction for Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis, Gastrocnemius and Soleus.Attached Files:
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Sharon Dixon: Influence of increased shoe lateral stiffness on running biomechanics in older females.
Tested a New Balance prototype with different stiffnesses in sole (ie simulate lateral wedging) and investigated relationship to knee abduction moment (ie the risk factor for knee OA)
They found no systematic changes, but then went and eliminated some people from the data who demonstrated an adductor moment at midstance. The results showed that the shoe did decrease the abductor moment in those who had an abductor moment (CP comment: data dredging?) -
Berki & Davis: Correlations between stance time and shear stress peaks on the plantar skin surface of diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
Used a really cool methodolodgy to measure shear stress --> it was not described in detail, but looked impressive. I want to know more.
Found plenty of differences between the diabetic and non-diabetic groups ... but I ? the clinical implications? ... its was still cool and pretty looking pictures of the shear stress! -
Price and Nester: Is retail footwear fit for purpose for the feet of adults who are obese
no -
AlBagdhadi et al: Matching stress and strain on the foot during the loading phase of gait
They matching plantar pressure measurements to foot morphology measurements --> cool -
Kobayashi et al: How do too big shoes affect to the joint kinematcs of kids gait pattern?
To allow for growth most parents buy shoes too big for kids to allow for growth. Is that a problem?
Found:
- as shoe size increased --> decreased stride length and decreased walking speed; minimum toe clearance increased
Concluded: "We found that wearing shoes that are oversized negativly impacted gait parameters" -
Oke: Footwear mismatch - do we wear correct sized shoes?
no
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Tsujimoto et a: Primary Factors affect foot eversion dynamics during the stance phase of running
Aim was to identify those factors that were primary factors responsible for the rearfoot eversion moment due to GRF during the stance phase of running.
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Sinclair et al: Influence of barefoot and shod running on limb and joint stiffness characteristics during running
Pretty much showed that:
Higher knee joint stiffness in barefoot condition compared to barefoot inspired shoes and conventional running shoes
Ankle joint stiffness was higher in the conventional running shoes compare to barefoot
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Trudeau et al: Functional grouping of runners based on plantar pressures
Used a pattern recognition tool to looks for groups on runners based on plantar pressure measurements.
Identified two groups that had significantly different plantar pressure patterns.
Big difference in ages between the two groups --> maybe hint as to mechanism for differences (eg tissue property changes; muscle strength differnces)
(CP comment: when watching the video of the two patterns, the pattern of the hold group had much less first met head loading --> is that the windlass not working in that group?) -
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Eshraghi: Hallux valgus and plantar pressures
Theory: force does not move through one lines like CoP measure --> instead it moves along other directions.
Used Markov chain transition matrices to measures changes and transfer of force in metatarsal regions that was collected by RSScan (maths way to complicated for me)
Somehow this information can help in shoe design for hallux valgus.... -
Baltich et al: The influence of ankle strength exercise training on running injury risk factors
Increase in hip/core strengthening does not affect injury rate in runners.
Does ankle strength matter?
Aim of study : ankle strength and running injury
129 runners; 8 week program
- 43 functional strengthening (Lunges, squats, hopping, jumps)
- 43 resistance strengthening (TheraBand)
- 43 control (stretching)
Isokinetc torque used to measure change in ankle strength; any restriction in running due to injury was assessed by online diary --> given a severity score (100=time loss injury)
Study was powered to look at strength changes and not injury rates
Results:
- functional group had 62 injuries/1000hrs running
- Resistance 41.7
- Stretching 58.7
....no stat differences
Time loss injuries - only 4 -- all 4 in functional training group; all those 4 were in the foot
Concluded:
Resistance training was more effective as increasing strength
Functional training related in more injuries -
Bishop et al: Prelim investigation of the immediate effects of footwear and custom foot orthotics on the foot in patients with plantar fasciitis
10 subjects with PF: 3 conditions: barefoot; Asics Gel Nimbus; Custom orthotics + Nimbus
Custom orthotic prescription based on a focus group with podiatrists
Comfort results: - orthotic group reported most comfort and less pain
Orthotics:
-reduced eversion
-increased inversion moment
-increased peak TMT dorsiflexion (higher arch height)
HOWEVER, response was variable; response in some favored shoe; some favored orthotics --- need to explore why?
Are small biomechanical effects important clinical effects? -
Announcement of 2016 iFab .. in Berlin
Attached Files:
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Parilla et al: Low cost 3d scanner using an app
Reconstructed 3D model of foot from 3 images taken of foot by smartphone -
Chris Nester spoke of this at the biomechanics summer school in Manchester a few weeks ago. Keep an eye on the Right Shoes app:
Last edited by a moderator: Sep 22, 2016 -
Lewinson: Control Conditions for Footwear insole and orthotic research
Do "control" orthotics/insoles/insert have effects?
Study looked at effects of "controls" conditions on knee and ankle moments and max GRF
Results - no differences for walking
In running, differences in ankle inversion moment - small and only between 2 of the 4 conditions
HOWEVER - individual differences were very notable in both directions
the control conditions did have affects on the individual's biomechanics in ~50% (ie half participants had a biomechanical change of grater than 10%) -
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Can I just put a word of caution here in relation to posting photos of conclusions from talks without the authors permission. From my perspective, if this were me, I would be less than impressed, especially if it were pilot data to a larger study. The slides presented in conferences are the authors IP, and I hope I do not come off as being prissy, but one does need to be careful. I have no problem with reproduction of slides that give a generic overview.. for example an introductory slide, but I think we need to be really careful about reproducing more sensitive slides. I have already been made aware that at least one presenter whose slides appear on this thread, is not impressed at all.. fair enough. Caution advised...
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Fair points. Grab me and let me know which one and I will take down!
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As far as I'm concerned at any of my lectures, I really don't mind photos of my slides that are being projected onto a seminar screen being published. However, I would take exception to someone using my actual PowerPoint slide digital image to post it up on Podiatry Arena without my permission.
In other words, to be safe, please ask permission of the lecturer first before their slide images are published here on Podiatry Arena, or on any public website. -
Great presentation from Jessica Marie Deneweth on the work the team at the University of Michigan on individual-specific determinants of successful adaptation to minimal and maximal running shoes.
Summary:
- Early results suggest that maximal shoes do not require as large a gait modification as minimal shoes
- Foot posture metrics do not appear relevant to predict response
- Minimal and maximal adoptions appear to be individual specific
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