'Nordic' walking as a strategy to reduce plantar pressures

NewsBot · Sep 18, 2013

Members do not see these Ads. Sign Up.
The Effect of Walking with Poles on the Distribution of Plantar Pressures in Normal Subjects.
Hudson D.
PM R. 2013 Sep 13. pii: S1934-1482(13)01071-X.

Elevated pressures on the plantar surface of the foot increases potential of developing foot ulcers in patients who are at risk. Walking with poles has been shown to reduce ground reaction and joint forces; however the effect on plantar pressures is unknown.
OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of walking with poles on reducing plantar pressure on the foot following brief instructions and one week of self-guided practice. It was hypothesized that there would be a significant reduction in pressure in the foot when walking with poles.
DESIGN:
This was a non-blinded randomized crossover study SETTING: This study took place in a motion analysis laboratory located at an academic institution.
METHODS:
Thirty-five healthy subjects were instructed on two gait patterns using walking poles. When walking with the 2-point pattern subjects placed the poles of the opposite side with the foot in stance. The 3-point pattern required the subjects to place both poles with the right foot. After one week of unsupervised practice, plantar pressures under the metatarsal heads and hallux of the right foot were measured using a pedobarograph mat while walking with and without the poles.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS:
Mean plantar pressures and impulses were recorded from 5 trials for each walking condition: no poles, 2-point, and 3-point.
RESULTS:
Walking with the poles resulted in significant reductions (p ≤ 0.01) in mean and impulse of pressure under the metatarsal heads region of up to 24%; no significant changes were seen under the heel or hallux. The 3-point style resulted in a significantly greater reduction of pressure compared with the 2-point style (p = .002) in the metatarsal region, but not the hallux.
CONCLUSIONS:
Walking with poles was easy to learn and may be a useful part of the management of people at risk to developing plantar foot ulcers.
Click to expand...

Admin2 · Sep 18, 2013

Related Threads:
Other threads tagged with diabetic foot biomechanics and plantar pressures
Walking Poles

Admin2 · Sep 18, 2013

Nordic walking

Cross-country walking with poles

Nordic walkers in Hyde Park, London during the 2011 International Nordic Walking Federation Convention

Nordic walking is a Finnish-origin total-body version of walking that can be done both by non-athletes as a health-promoting physical activity and by athletes as a sport. The activity is performed with specially designed walking poles similar to ski poles.

Read More

NewsBot · Jan 11, 2014

Comparison of the Effects of Walking with and without Nordic Pole on Upper Extremity and Lower Extremity Muscle Activation.
Shim JM, Kwon HY, Kim HR, Kim BI, Jung JH
J Phys Ther Sci. 2013 Dec;25(12):1553-6

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Nordic pole walking on the electromyographic activities of upper extremity and lower extremity muscles. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were randomly divided into two groups as follows: without Nordic pole walking group (n=13) and with Nordic pole walking group (n=13). The EMG data were collected by measurement while the subjects walking on a treadmill for 30 minutes by measuring from one heel strike to the next. [Results] Both the average values and maximum values of the muscle activity of the upper extremity increased in both the group that used Nordic poles and the group that did not use Nordic poles, and the values showed statistically significant differences. There was an increase in the average value for muscle activity of the latissimus dorsi, but the difference was not statistically significant, although there was a statistically significant increase in its maximum value. The average and maximum values for muscle activity of the lower extremity did not show large differences in either group, and the values did not show any statistically significant differences. [Conclusion] The use of Nordic poles by increased muscle activity of the upper extremity compared with regular walking but did not affect the lower extremity.
Click to expand...

NewsBot · Jun 11, 2015

Muscle activation patterns in the Nordic hamstring exercise: Impact of prior strain injury
Z. N. Bourne, D. A. Opar, M. D. Williams, A. Al Najjar andA. J. Shield
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports; Early View

This study aimed to determine: (a) the spatial patterns of hamstring activation during the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE); (b) whether previously injured hamstrings display activation deficits during the NHE; and (c) whether previously injured hamstrings exhibit altered cross-sectional area (CSA). Ten healthy, recreationally active men with a history of unilateral hamstring strain injury underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging of their thighs before and after six sets of 10 repetitions of the NHE. Transverse (T2) relaxation times of all hamstring muscles [biceps femoris long head (BFlh); biceps femoris short head (BFsh); semitendinosus (ST); semimembranosus (SM)] were measured at rest and immediately after the NHE and CSA was measured at rest. For the uninjured limb, the ST's percentage increase in T2 with exercise was 16.8%, 15.8%, and 20.2% greater than the increases exhibited by the BFlh, BFsh, and SM, respectively (P < 0.002 for all). Previously injured hamstring muscles (n = 10) displayed significantly smaller increases in T2 post-exercise than the homonymous muscles in the uninjured contralateral limb (mean difference −7.2%, P = 0.001). No muscles displayed significant between-limb differences in CSA. During the NHE, the ST is preferentially activated and previously injured hamstring muscles display chronic activation deficits compared with uninjured contralateral muscles.
Click to expand...

NewsBot · Jan 9, 2016

Does Nordic walking improves the postural control and gait parameters of women between the age 65 and 74: a randomized trial
Piotr Kocur et al
Journal of Physical Therapy Science; Vol. 27 (2015) No. 12 December p. 3733-3737

[Purpose] To assess the effect of 12-weeks Nordic walking training on gait parameters and some elements of postural control. [Subjects and Methods] Sixty-seven women aged 65 to 74 years were enrolled in this study. The subjects were divided into a Nordic Walking group (12 weeks of Nordic walking training, 3 times a week for 75 minutes) and a control group. In both study groups, a set of functional tests were conducted at the beginning and at the end of the study: the Forward Reach Test (FRT) and the Upward Reach Test (URT) on a stabilometric platform, and the analysis of gait parameters on a treadmill. [Results] The NW group showed improvements in: the range of reach in the FRT test and the URT test in compared to the control group. The length of the gait cycle and gait cycle frequency also showed changes in the NW group compared to the control group. [Conclusion] A 12-week NW training program had a positive impact on selected gait parameters and may improve the postural control of women aged over 65 according to the results selected functional tests.
Click to expand...

NewsBot · Feb 2, 2016

Effects of Nordic walking training on functional parameters in Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial
E.P. Monteiro et al
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports; Early View

We compare the effects of Nordic walking training (NW) and Free walk (FW) on functional parameters (motor symptoms, balance) and functional mobility (Timed Up and Go at Self-selected Speed – TUGSS, and at forced speed, TUGFS; Self-selected Walking Speed, SSW; locomotor rehabilitation index, LRI) of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The study included 33 patients with clinical diagnosis of idiopathic PD, and staging between 1 and 4 in the Hoehn and Yahr scale (H&Y) randomized into two groups: NW (N = 16) and FW (N = 17) for 6 weeks. Baseline characteristics were compared trough a one-way ANOVA. Outcomes were analyzed using the Generalized Estimation Equations (GEE) with a Bonferroni post-hoc. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.20.0. Improvements in UPDRS III (P < 0.001), balance scores (P < 0.035), TUGSS distance (P < 0.001), TUGFS distance (P < 0.001), SSW (P < 0.001), and LRI (P < 0.001) were found for both groups. However, the NW group showed significant differences (P < 0.001) when compared to the FW group for the functional mobility. We conclude the NW improves functional parameters and walking mobility demonstrating that NW is as effective as the FW, including benefits for FW on the functional mobility of people with PD.
Click to expand...

NewsBot · Mar 2, 2016

TRUNK MUSCLES ACTIVATION DURING POLE WALKING VS. WALKING PERFORMED AT DIFFERENT SPEEDS AND GRADES
LUCA Zoffoli et al
Gait and Posture; Article in Press

Highlights
•Pole walking yields a greater activation of the abdominal muscles than walking.
•Higher grades increase the spine extensors muscle activity only during walking.
•Using poles during level walking increases the activity of the multifidus muscle.
•Using poles does not change the activation amplitude of the erector spinae muscle.
•Pole walking requires greater control of the trunk region than walking.
Click to expand...

Given their functional role and importance, the activity of several trunk muscles was assessed (via surface electromyography - EMG) during Walking (W) and Pole Walking (PW) in 21 healthy adults. EMG data was collected from the external oblique (EO), the erector spinae longissimus (ES), the multifidus (MU), and the rectus abdominis (RA) while performing W and PW on a motorized treadmill at different speeds (60, 80, and 100% of the highest speed at which the participants still walked naturally; PTS60, PTS80 and PTS100, respectively) and grades (0 and 7%; GRADE0 and GRADE7, respectively). Stride length, EMG area under the curve (AUC), muscles activity duration (ACT), and percentage of coactivation (CO-ACT) of ES, MU and RA, were calculated from the averaged stride for each of the tested combinations.

Compared to W, PW significantly increased the stride length, EOAUC, RAAUC and the activation time of all the investigated muscles, to different extents depending on treadmill speeds and grades. In addition, MUAUC was higher in PW than in W at GRADE0 only (all speeds, p < 0.01), while ESAUC during W and PW was similar at all the speeds and grades. These changes resulted in longer CO-ACT in PW than W, at GRADE0-PTS100 (p < 0.01) and GRADE7 (all speeds, p < 0.01). In conclusion, when compared to W, PW requires a greater engagement of the abdominal muscles and, in turn, a higher control of the trunk muscles. These two factors taken together may suggest an elevated spinal stability while walking with poles.
Click to expand...

NewsBot · Apr 30, 2016

In hip osteoarthritis, Nordic Walking is superior to strength training and home-based exercise for improving function
T. Bieler et al
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports; Early View

This observer-blinded, randomized controlled trial compared the short- and long-term effects of 4 months of supervised strength training (ST) in a local fitness center, supervised Nordic Walking (NW) in a local park, and unsupervised home-based exercise (HBE, control) on functional performance in 60+-year-old persons (n = 152) with hip osteoarthritis (OA) not awaiting hip replacement. Functional performance [i.e., 30-s chair stand test (primary outcome), timed stair climbing, and 6-min walk test] and self-reported outcomes (i.e., physical function, pain, physical activity level, self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life) were measured at baseline and at 2, 4, and 12 months. Based on intention-to-treat-analyses improvements [mean (95% CI)] after intervention in number of chair stands were equal in all three groups at 4 months [ST: 0.9 (0.2–1.6), NW: 1.9 (0.8–3.0), HBE: 1.1 (0.1–2.0)] but greater in the NW group [1.4 (0.02–2.8)] than in the ST group at 12 months. Generally, improvements in functional performance were greater (P < 0.001–P < 0.03) after NW compared with HBE and ST at all follow-up time points. Furthermore, NW was superior (P < 0.01) to HBE for improving vigorous physical activity and to both ST and HBE for improving (P < 0.01) mental health. These data suggest that NW is the recommended exercise modality compared with ST and HBE.
Click to expand...

NewsBot · May 25, 2016

Substantiating Appropriate Motion Capture Techniques for the Assessment of Nordic Walking Gait and Posture in Older Adults.
Dalton CM, Nantel J
J Vis Exp. 2016 May 12;(111)

Nordic walking (NW) has become a safe and simple form of exercise in recent years, and in studying this gait pattern, various data collection techniques have been employed, each with positives and negatives. The aim was to determine the effect of NW on older adult gait and posture and to determine optimal use of different data collection systems in both short and long duration analysis. Gait and posture during NW and normal walking were assessed in 17 healthy older adults (age: 69 ? 7.3). Participants performed two trials of 6 Minute Walk Tests (6MWT) (1 with poles (WP) and 1 without poles (NP)) and 6 trials of a 5m walk (3 WP and 3 NP). Motion was recorded using two systems, a 6-sensor accelerometry system and an 8-camera 3-dimensional motion capture system, in order to quantify spatial-temporal, kinematic, and kinetic parameters. With both systems, participants demonstrated increased stride length and double support and decreased gait speed and cadence WP compared to NP (p <0.05). Also, with motion capture, larger single support time was found WP (p <0.05). With 3-D capture, smaller hip power generation and moments of force were found at heel contact and pre-swing as well as smaller knee power absorption at heel contact, pre-swing, and terminal swing WP compared to NP, when assessed over one cycle (p <0.05). Also, WP yielded smaller moments of force at heel contact and terminal swing along with larger moments at mid-stance of a gait cycle (p <0.05). No changes were found for posture. NW seems appropriate for promoting a normal gait pattern in older adults. Three-dimensional motion capture should primarily be used during short duration gait analysis (i.e. single gait cycle), while accelerometry systems should be primarily employed in instances requiring longer duration analysis such as during the 6MWT.
Click to expand...

NewsBot · Nov 4, 2016

Mechanical Energy Patterns in Nordic Walking: Comparisons with Conventional Walking
Barbara Pellegrini et al
Gait and Posture; Article in Press

Highlights
•Propulsion through poles leads to changes in mechanics of locomotion.
•Nordic walking is characterized by high potential and kinetic energy fluctuations.
•Nordic walking benefits from higher energy recovery than conventional walking.
•Large swing and distal pole position increase internal work despite low pole mass.
•Nordic walking has a lower mechanical efficiency compared to conventional walking.
Click to expand...

The use of poles during Nordic Walking (NW) actively engages the upper body to propel the body forward during walking. Evidence suggests that NW leads to a longer stride and higher speed, and sometimes to increased ground reaction forces with respect to conventional walking (W). The aim of this study was to investigate if NW is associated with different changes in body centre of mass (COM) motion and limbs energy patterns, mechanical work and efficiency compared to W. Eight experienced Nordic Walkers performed 5-minutes W and NW trials on a treadmill at 4 km h-1. Steady state oxygen consumption and movements of body segments and poles were measured during each trial. We found greater fluctuation of kinetic (KE) and potential (PE) energy associated with COM displacement for NW compared to W. An earlier increase of KE for NW than for W, probably due to the propulsive action of poles, modified the synchronization between PE and KE oscillations so that a 10.9% higher pendular recovery between these energies was found in NW. The 10.2% higher total mechanical work found for NW was mainly due to the greater work required to move upper limbs and poles. NW was 20% less efficient and was metabolically more demanding than W, this difference could be ascribed to isometric contraction and low efficiency of upper musculature. Concluding, NW can be considered a highly dynamic gait, with distinctive mechanical features compared to conventional gait, due to pole propulsion and arm/pole swing.
Click to expand...

NewsBot · Dec 21, 2016

LOCAL STABILITY AND KINEMATIC VARIABILITY IN WALKING AND POLE WALKING AT DIFFERENT SPEEDS
LUCA ZOOFOLI, MASSIMILIANO DITROILO, ARIO FEDERICI, FRANCESCO LUCERTINI
Gait and Posture; Articles in Press

Highlights
•The use of poles improves local stability of walking in all directions.
•Walking with poles increases kinematic variability in the upper trunk.
•Walking kinematic variability is higher in the upper than in the lower trunk.
•During walking the upper trunk is less locally stable than the lower trunk.
•Medial-lateral local stability of walking and pole walking increases with speed.
Click to expand...

This study investigated the kinematic variability and the local stability of walking and pole walking using two tri-axial accelerometers placed on the seventh cervical (C7) and the second sacral (S2) vertebrae of twenty-one adults. Each participant performed three 1-minute trials of walking and pole walking on a motorized treadmill (60, 80, 100% of the preferred walk-to-run transition speed). Forty strides per trial were used to calculate, in all directions of C7 and S2, the median of the stride-to-stride median absolute deviation (medMAD) and the local divergence exponent (λ). Generalised estimating equations and pairwise contrasts revealed, during pole walking, a higher medMAD (all directions, most speeds, C7 level only), and a lower λ (all directions, all speeds, both C7 and S2 level). As speed increased, so did medMAD (all directions, both walking with or without poles), with higher values at C7 compared to S2 level. A similar effect was observed for λ in the vertical direction (walking and pole walking), and in the anterior-posterior direction (only pole walking). An increase in speed brought about a λ reduction in the medial-lateral direction (C7 level only), especially during walking. Finally, both medMAD and λ were higher at C7 than S2 level (all directions, both walking and pole walking) except for λ in the anterior-posterior direction, which resulted higher in walking (C7 level only).
Click to expand...

NewsBot · Jun 29, 2017

Plantar Pressure Differences Between
Nordic Walking Techniques
Alberto Encarnación-Martínez et al
Journal of Human Kinetics volume 57/2017, 221-231

High plantar pressure has been associated with increased risk of injury. The characteristics of each physical
activity determine the load on the lower limbs. The influence of Nordic Walking (NW) technique on plantar pressure is
still unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the differences between plantar pressure during NW with the
Diagonal technique (DT) versus Alpha technique (AT) and compare them with the pressure obtained during normal
walking (W). The normality and sphericity of the plantar pressure data were checked before performing a two-way
repeated measures ANOVA in order to find differences between speeds (preferred, fast) and the gait (NW, W) as
within-subject factors. Then, a t-test for independent measures was used to identify the specific differences between NW
techniques. The strength of the differences was calculated by means of the effect size (ES). The results demonstrated that
during NW with AT at preferred speed the pressure was lower under the Calcaneus, Lateral Metatarsal and Toes
compared to the DT group (p = 0.046, ES = 1.49; p = 0.015, ES = 1.44; p = 0.040, ES = 1.20, respectively). No
differences were found at the fast speed (p > 0.05). Besides the increase in walking speed during NW (p < 0.01), both
technique groups showed lower pressure during NW compared to W under the Hallux and Central Metatarsal heads (F
= 58.321, p = 0.000, ES = 2.449; F = 41.917, p = 0.012, ES = 1.365, respectively). As a practical conclusion, the AT
technique may be the most effective of the NW techniques at reducing plantar pressure while allowing NW
practitioners to achieve the physiological benefits of NW.
Click to expand...

NewsBot · Aug 24, 2017

The effects of Nordic walking and slope of the ground on lower limb muscle activity.
Psurny, Martin; Svoboda, Zdenek; Janura, Miroslav; Kubonova, Eliska; Bizovska, Lucia; Martinez Lemos, R. Ivan; Abrantes, Joao MCS
Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research: Post Acceptance: August 18, 2017

Nordic walking (NW) has proven to be a simple and safe mode of exercise that can be utilized in various types of sport, recreation and rehabilitation activities. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Nordic walking and slope of the ground on lower limb muscle activity. The experimental group consisted of 22 healthy men (aged 22.8 +/- 1.4 years). The subjects walked on a treadmill at a self-selected speed. Two walking conditions (NW and walking) and two ground slopes (level ground and uphill walking at an 8% incline) were used. The surface electromyographic signals of the gastrocnemius lateralis, tibialis anterior, vastus medialis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris and gluteus medius were recorded. NW resulted in increased activity of some lower limb muscles, particularly during the first half of the stance phase, and decreased muscle activity during the first half of the swing phase. Uphill walking elicited increased muscle activity compared with level walking, particularly during the stance phase and the second half of the swing phase during both walking and NW, and the change was more pronounced during walking. We concluded that NW increased muscle activity in the lower extremities compared with walking, particularly on level ground. Increasing the ground slope enhanced the muscle activity to a much greater extent than NW.
Click to expand...

NewsBot · Mar 28, 2018

The impact of Nordic walking training on the gait of the elderly
Khaireddine Ben Mansour, Philippe Gorce & Nasser Rezzoug
Journal of Sports Sciences: 27 Mar 2018

The purpose of the current study was to define the impact of regular practice of Nordic walking on the gait of the elderly. Thereby, we aimed to determine whether the gait characteristics of active elderly persons practicing Nordic walking are more similar to healthy adults than that of the sedentary elderly. Comparison was made based on parameters computed from three inertial sensors during walking at a freely chosen velocity. Results showed differences in gait pattern in terms of the amplitude computed from acceleration and angular velocity at the lumbar region (root mean square), the distribution (Skewness) quantified from the vertical and Euclidean norm of the lumbar acceleration, the complexity (Sample Entropy) of the mediolateral component of lumbar angular velocity and the Euclidean norm of the shank acceleration and angular velocity, the regularity of the lower limbs, the spatiotemporal parameters and the variability (standard deviation) of stance and stride durations. These findings reveal that the pattern of active elderly differs significantly from sedentary elderly of the same age while similarity was observed between the active elderly and healthy adults. These results advance that regular physical activity such as Nordic walking may counteract the deterioration of gait quality that occurs with aging.
Click to expand...

NewsBot · Jul 27, 2018

The impact of Nordic walking training on the gait of the elderly
Khaireddine Ben Mansour, Philippe Gorce & Nasser Rezzoug
Journal of Sports Sciences; Volume 36, 2018 - Issue 20

The purpose of the current study was to define the impact of regular practice of Nordic walking on the gait of the elderly. Thereby, we aimed to determine whether the gait characteristics of active elderly persons practicing Nordic walking are more similar to healthy adults than that of the sedentary elderly. Comparison was made based on parameters computed from three inertial sensors during walking at a freely chosen velocity. Results showed differences in gait pattern in terms of the amplitude computed from acceleration and angular velocity at the lumbar region (root mean square), the distribution (Skewness) quantified from the vertical and Euclidean norm of the lumbar acceleration, the complexity (Sample Entropy) of the mediolateral component of lumbar angular velocity and the Euclidean norm of the shank acceleration and angular velocity, the regularity of the lower limbs, the spatiotemporal parameters and the variability (standard deviation) of stance and stride durations. These findings reveal that the pattern of active elderly differs significantly from sedentary elderly of the same age while similarity was observed between the active elderly and healthy adults. These results advance that regular physical activity such as Nordic walking may counteract the deterioration of gait quality that occurs with aging.
Click to expand...

NewsBot · Oct 23, 2020

Are Trekking Poles Helping or Hindering Your Hiking Experience? A Review
Ashley L Hawke, Randall L Jensen
Wilderness Environ Med. 2020 Sep 23;S1080-6032(20)30119-8

Hiking is a common recreational activity that provides numerous health benefits, such as reduced risk of heart disease, reduced blood pressure, and improved cardiorespiratory fitness. The use of specifically designed trekking poles has become popular among participants seeking to alleviate sore knees and increase balance and stability while walking. This review provides an overview of physiologic and biomechanical responses elicited when trekking poles are used during outdoor activities, such as hiking or Nordic walking, and discusses the clinical implications of the use of trekking poles. Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases, as well as university library catalogues, were searched for literature published between 1980 and 2019. The keywords used to search the literature were hiking poles, trekking poles, and Nordic walking and their combination with physiological responses, ground reaction forces, joint forces, spatiotemporal parameters, kinematics, electromyography, and/or balance. The related topics included the academic disciplines of biomechanics, sports science, and wilderness medicine. Reference lists of located studies were also reviewed for additional sources. During free, unloaded walking, users should compare the cost and benefit of using poles: Trekking poles decrease lower extremity loading and forces but increase cardiovascular demand. When carrying a large external load, trekking poles may offer benefit by decreasing lower extremity muscle activity and increasing balance and stability.
Click to expand...

NewsBot · Jan 30, 2023

Does Nordic Walking technique influence the ground reaction forces?
Alberto Encarnación-Martínez et al
Gait Posture. 2023 Jan 26

Background: Nordic Walking (NW) practice has increased during the last decade, generating great benefits related to the reduction of ground reaction forces (GRF). However, there is still limited evidence regarding how the NW technique could affect GRF.

Research question: To analyze the effect of the speed and the differences in ground reaction forces (GRF) between NW with Diagonal technique (DT) versus Alpha technique (AT) and compare them with normal walking (W) METHODS: 29 male physically active sport science students were randomly assigned to one of the training groups: AT (n = 15) or DT (n = 14). After 5 technique familiarization sessions, participants performed 5 experimental trials on a walkway for both NW and W at two different walking speeds, previously randomized. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA analysis was carried out to find differences between speeds (preferred, fast) and gait (NW, W) as within-subject factors and NW techniques (DT vs AT) as between-subject factor.

Results: During NW, both technique groups (AT, DT) showed an increase in GRF variables compared to W, such as in stance time (2.9 % mean increment, p < 0.01, ES = 0.3; 95 %IC[-0.027, -0.008]), vertical force impact or vertical heel strike variables (4.9 % mean increment, p < 0.01, ES = 0.4; 95 %IC[0.101, 0.036]; 7.3 % mean increment, p < 0.01, ES = 0.8; 95 %IC[-0.133, -0.081] respectively). Moreover, AT group experienced significant lower forces at vertical force at midstance (10.1 % mean descent, p = 0.036, ES = 0.3; 95 %IC[-0.083, -0.009]) and higher forces at AP propulsive forces (23.7 % mean increment, p < 0.001, ES = 0.6; 95 %IC[0.078, 0.202) and ML max force (14.0 % mean increment, p = 0.045, ES = 0.3; 95 %IC[0.002, 0.026]) compared to DT group. Walking speed was significantly higher during NW (Preferred: 1.89 ± 0.18 m/s; Fast: 2.17 ± 0.21 m/s) compared to W (Preferred: 1.76 ± 0.15 m/s; Fast: 2.04 ± 0.19 m/s) in both speed conditions.

Significance: NW favours an increase in GRF and speed in comparison with Walking, independently of the technique, with no evidence that justifies the use of one technique or another.
Click to expand...

'Nordic' walking as a strategy to reduce plantar pressures

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

Admin2 Administrator Staff Member

Admin2 Administrator Staff Member

Nordic walking

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

Barefoot walking is more stable in the gait of balance recovery in older adults

Toe Separator in Standing and Walking Balance in Individuals with Bilateral Hallux Valgus

Heel's Dissipative Energetic Behavior Affect Its Thermodynamic Responses During Walking

AFO's to improve walking distance in those with PVD

Jones fracture - walking on heel?

Abnormal Gait Patterns and an Elevated Degree of Pain after Daily Walking

Gait while walking with an intravenous pole

Share This Page

'Nordic' walking as a strategy to reduce plantar pressures

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

Admin2 Administrator Staff Member

Admin2 Administrator Staff Member

Nordic walking

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

NewsBot The Admin that posts the news.

Barefoot walking is more stable in the gait of balance recovery in older adults

Toe Separator in Standing and Walking Balance in Individuals with Bilateral Hallux Valgus

Heel's Dissipative Energetic Behavior Affect Its Thermodynamic Responses During Walking

AFO's to improve walking distance in those with PVD

Jones fracture - walking on heel?

Abnormal Gait Patterns and an Elevated Degree of Pain after Daily Walking

Gait while walking with an intravenous pole

Share This Page

Useful Searches