PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine if heel and forefoot striking influence the
amount and type of lower extremity injuries in recreational female distance runners between the
ages of 18 and 25. In addition to heel and forefoot striking, shoe type and training intensity were
analyzed in relation to injury. METHODS: A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted
anonymously utilizing The University of Akron’s Qualtrics survey tool. The survey was adopted
based on Goss and Gross (2012), in which the injury rate was assessed in both male and female
runners with varying foot strikes. The survey was sent via email to members of the Zips Running
Club, as well as other female recreational runners who fit the criteria to participate in the study.
The survey asked general questions related to body composition, profession, shoe type, and foot
strike pattern. Additional questions prompted participants for information related to changes in
foot-strike pattern, injuries and other running questions. Different sections of questions assessed
demographics, foot strike patterns, and injuries. RESULTS: Although the greatest percentage
(75%) of injuries occurred in those respondents who utilized a heel strike pattern, there was a
non-significant p-value of 0.68 . About 46.67% of those who utilize stability shoes and 66.67%
of respondents who utilized a cushioned shoe reported running related injuries. Insufficient data
was collected on shoe type and therefore, no conclusion was made. The p-value describing the
relationship between shoe type and injury was 0.66, which is greater than 0.05, so the results are
not significant. Due to a limited amount of responses, a conclusion could not be made in regard
to training intensity and injury. The p-value describing the relationship between training intensity
and injury was 0.76, which is greater than 0.05, so the results are not significant.
CONCLUSIONS: Although the results were not statistically significant, trends could be shown
in data that related heel striking to injury. These results, although not statistically significant could benefit runners, coaches, and health professionals as they determine whether a change in foot strike may help to prevent injury. With a larger sample size and a more accurate data collection method, this study could be improved to obtain statistically significant results.
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