Short foot exercise vs foot orthotics for flat feet

NewsBot · Dec 3, 2016

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The effects of short foot exercises and arch
support insoles on improvement in the medial
longitudinal arch and dynamic balance of
flexible flatfoot patients
Eun-Kyung Kim, PT, PhD, Jin Seop Kim, PT, PhD
J. Phys. Ther. Sci. 28: 3136–3139, 2016

[Purpose] The purpose of the present study is to apply short foot exercises and arch support insoles
in order to improve the medial longitudinal arch of flatfoot and compare the results to identify the effects of the
foregoing exercises on the dynamic balance of the feet and the lower limbs.
[Subjects and Methods] Fourteen university
students with flexible flatfoot were selected by conducting navicular drop tests and randomly assigned to a
short foot exercise group of seven subjects and an arch support insoles group of seven subjects. The intervention in
the experiment was implemented for 30 minutes per time, three times per week for five weeks in total. [Results] In
inter-group comparison conducted through navicular drop tests and Y-balance tests, the short foot exercise group
showed significant differences. Among intra-group comparisons, in navicular drop tests, the short foot exercise
group showed significant decreases. In Y-balance tests, both the short foot exercise group and the arch support insoles
group showed significant increases.
[Conclusion] In the present study, it could be seen that to improve flatfoot,
applying short foot exercises was more effective than applying arch support insoles in terms of medial longitudinal
arch improvement and dynamic balance ability
Click to expand...

Admin2 · Dec 3, 2016

Related Threads:
Short Foot Muscle Exercises and Foot Posture in Runners
Is the short foot exercise primarily an isometric exercise ?
Short Foot Exercise vs. The Towel Curl Exercise for Intrinsic Muscle Strength
Effect of foot orthoses and short-foot exercise on the cross-sectional area of the abductor hallucis
Exercises vs shoe modifications for paediatric flat foot
Exercise more effective than foot orthoses in pediatric flat foot
Rehabilitative treatment in flexible flatfoot: a perspective cohort study.

Craig Payne · Dec 3, 2016

NewsBot said: ↑

The effects of short foot exercises and arch
support insoles on improvement in the medial
longitudinal arch and dynamic balance of
flexible flatfoot patients
Eun-Kyung Kim, PT, PhD, Jin Seop Kim, PT, PhD
J. Phys. Ther. Sci. 28: 3136–3139, 2016
Click to expand...

Multiple comparisons using t-test with a Bonferroni adjustment
Within groups rather than between groups analysis
No idea how many randomised to each group (only 14 subjects in both groups!)
The "orthotics" sucked.
Fail. Next.

NewsBot · Jun 1, 2017

Comparing the efficacy of exercise, internal and external shoe modification in pes planus: A clinical and pedobarographic study.
Taspinar O et al
J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2017;30(2):255-263. doi: 10.3233/BMR-150399.

Pes planus is a condition that can cause pain along the innerfoot due to the absence or abnormal depression of the longitudinal arch. There are few studies available that compare therapy modalities used in these patients. In our study, those treated with conservative therapies - internal and external shoe modifications and pes planus exercises - were compared clinically and pedobarographyically. 60 pes planus patients were included in the study. In the first group; internal modification was performed by placing a medial longitudinal arch support inside the shoe. In the second group, external shoe modification was performed using the Thomas heel. In the third group of patients however, only an exercise program was executed. The patients' foot pain levels, functional asssessment, satisfaction and quality of life were recorded. Pedobarography was used in measuring both static and dynamic plantar pressure. Assessments were carried out at baseline and at the end of the first and third months respectively where intra- and inter- group comparisons were performed. Each group was composed of 20 subjects. While improvement in terms of foot pain, foot function index and quality of life was observed in all the study groups (p< 0.05), the most improvement was observed in the group of patients treated with internal modification (p< 0.016). This was followed by the external modification and the exercise groups respectively. No difference was observed between the internal and external modification groups in terms of patient satisfaction. Cross-sectionally; clinical assessments, pedobarographic analysis were correlated. The changes observed after static and dynamic pedobarographic studies were not significantly different between the study groups. At the end of the study it was observed that internal modification yielded the most significant clinical improvement. In the literature, there are limited publications comparing the conservative treatments with each other. In this study we aimed to compare the conservative treatments for flatfoot.
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NewsBot · Sep 22, 2018

Comparison of Subjects with and without Pes Planus during Short Foot Exercises by Measuring Muscular Activities of Ankle and Navicular Drop Height
( Du-jin Park ) , ( Se-yeon Park )
Source

PURPOSE: Despite the abundant literature available regarding the activity of intrinsic muscles, few studies have investigated the muscle activity of extrinsic muscles. Therefore, the present study compared the muscle activity of the peroneus longus, tibialis anterior, and abductor hallucis during short foot exercise in subjects with and without flat feet. METHODS: Twelve subjects with and without pes planus participated in this study. During the short foot exercises, muscular activity of the tibialis anterior, fibularis longus, and abductor hallucis longus were measured in both groups. To identify the effects of short foot exercises, navicular drop height was also investigated in pre and post short foot exercises. RESULTS: In a symptomatic group, the navicular drop height was significantly reduced at post measurement compared with pre-measurement. During the short foot exercise, the pes planus group showed significantly lower activities of the fibularis longus than the control group (p<.05). CONCLUSION: Similar to previous studies and clinical literature, short foot exercise was effective for alleviating navicular drop for a population with pes planus. In addition, subjects with pes planus showed decreased muscular activities of the fibularis longus, which suggests that considering extrinsic muscles such as fibularis longus is also important for rehabilitation of pes planus patients.
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NewsBot · Dec 16, 2018

A Study on The Effects of Short Foot Exercise on Medial Longitudinal Arch and Balance
in the Foot and Efficient Application: Literature Review
Ryong Hwang, Young-Jun Choi
https://www.ksep-es.org/upload/pdf/es-27-4-252.pdf

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analysis the effective short foot exercise methods and verify the effect of short foot exercise (SFE) on medial longitudinal arch (MLA) and balance in order to utilize it as foundation data for clinical fields.
METHODS: In this study, research papers were collected by using RISS, KISS and PubMed as a search term for SFE, foot intrinsic muscle exercise (FIME) and MLA.
RESULTS: A total of 30 research were gathered, and 16 papers of data were related effect of SFE, and 9 papers was related to effective
exercise methods, and 5 papers was related to a comparison with other FIME. The collected data were classified into the influence of
SFE on the MLA, balance, and the efficient exercise methods.
CONCLUSIONS: The result of this study confirmed that SFE was very effective to maintain MLA and improve foot stability, dynamic
balance and gait. In addition to, imagery training and biofeedback with SFE was efficient methods, and SFE applied with weight bearing, or windlass effect, or 30° ankle dorsiflexion strengthened abductor halluces muscle effectively. Therefore, SFE will be useful for
rehabilitation of pes planus patients or athletes.
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NewsBot · Mar 13, 2019

Effects of Short-Foot Exercises on Foot Posture, Pain, Disability and Plantar Pressure in Pes Planus.
Unver B, Erdem EU, Akbas E.
J Sport Rehabil. 2019 Mar 12:1-16

CONTEXT::
Pes planus is a prevalent chronic condition which causes foot pain, disability and impaired plantar load distribution. Short-foot exercises are often recommended to strengthen intrinsic foot muscles and to prevent excessive decrease of medial longitudinal arch height.

OBJECTIVE::
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of short-foot exercises on navicular drop, foot posture, pain, disability and plantar pressures in pes planus.

DESIGN::
Quasi-experimental study.

SETTING::
Biomechanics laboratory.

PARTICIPANTS::
Forty-one participants with pes planus were assigned to the short-foot exercises group (n=21) or the control group (n=20).

INTERVENTION::
Both groups were informed about pes planus, usual foot care and appropriate footwear. Short-foot exercises group performed the exercises daily for six weeks.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES::
Navicular drop, Foot Posture Index, foot pain, disability and plantar pressures were assessed at the baseline and at the end of six weeks.

RESULTS::
Navicular drop, Foot Posture Index, pain, and disability scores were significantly decreased, maximum plantar force of midfoot was significantly increased in short-foot exercises group over six weeks (p<0.05). No significant differences were determined between the baseline and the sixth week outcomes in control group (p>0.05).

CONCLUSIONS::
Six-week short-foot exercises provided a reduction in navicular drop, foot pronation, foot pain and disability, and increment in plantar force of medial midfoot in pes planus.
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Craig Payne · Mar 15, 2019

NewsBot said: ↑

Effects of Short-Foot Exercises on Foot Posture, Pain, Disability and Plantar Pressure in Pes Planus.
Unver B, Erdem EU, Akbas E.
J Sport Rehabil. 2019 Mar 12:1-16
Click to expand...

Why do so many ruin what good have been a good study with a crap analysis.

"Navicular drop, Foot Posture Index, pain, and disability scores were significantly decreased, maximum plantar force of midfoot was significantly increased in short-foot exercises group over six weeks (p<0.05). No significant differences were determined between the baseline and the sixth week outcomes in control group (p>0.05)."

They did a within groups analysis rather than a between groups analysis. Also multiple comparisons. next.

retropod · Mar 15, 2019

Risking derision...One group of participants benefited from the short foot exercises. Isn't that a good thing?

Craig Payne · Mar 15, 2019

retropod said: ↑

Risking derision...One group of participants benefited from the short foot exercises. Isn't that a good thing?
Click to expand...

The problem is that we do not know if they really did or not. They did the wrong type of analysis, so we do not know if that was really the case or not.

retropod · Mar 15, 2019

If we agree that the analysis was inappropriate, then how did the work get published in a reputable journal? Is it the reader who must constantly be on top of the research method, analysis and reporting in order to sift the wheat from the chaff?

Craig Payne · Mar 15, 2019

No idea why; sloppy peer review and editorial review.
The wrong analysis is very obvious.

NewsBot · May 5, 2019

Fall Prevention by Short-Foot Exercise in Diabetic Patients
Tudpor Kukiat, Traithip Wallapa
Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy - An International Journal

A fall during walking is a common problem in diabetic patients due to neuromuscular complications of the foot, especially intrinsic foot muscles (IFMs). Short-foot exercise (SFE) has been reported to strengthen IFMs in healthy individuals. This present study was aimed to investigate effects of SFE on medial longitudinal arch integrity (navicular drop test, NDT) and dynamic postural control (star excursion balance test, SEBT). The SEBT values were measured on single-leg standing in 8 directions (anterior, anteromedial, medial, posteromedial, posterior, posterolateral, lateral, and anterolateral) at baseline, week 4, 8, and 12 (follow up) in 15 diabetic patients: control group (n = 7) and SFE group (n = 8). Results showed that NDT was reduced in SFE group compared to control at week 8 and follow up. The normalized SEBT values in SFE group was significantly higher than baseline only in medial direction and increased from baselines in anteromedial, medial, and posteromedial directions at week 4 and 8, respectively. At the follow-up point, only posteromedial direction showed an improvement of normalized SEBT in SFE group. In conclusion, 8-week SFE reduced foot pronation and improved dynamic postural control in a single-leg standing phase of diabetic foot. The SFE should be continuously applied to diabetic foot since the benefits were not well persistent in the follow-up phase.
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terigreen · May 19, 2019

NewsBot said: ↑

The effects of short foot exercises and arch
support insoles on improvement in the medial
longitudinal arch and dynamic balance of
flexible flatfoot patients
Eun-Kyung Kim, PT, PhD, Jin Seop Kim, PT, PhD
J. Phys. Ther. Sci. 28: 3136–3139, 2016
Click to expand...

Very interesting article. We really never had much success with exercises to treat plantar fasciitis or flexible flatfoot. Most patients did not perform the exercises or stretch their arch or Achilles enough to make a difference. We found that a posterior night splint made the most difference short term and long term a heat moldable orthotic long term.
Thanks again for a good read.

Stanley · Jun 10, 2019

Here is a cast of my son's feet after a year of foot exercises using a non commercial foot exerciser.

NewsBot · Jul 20, 2019

Effects of the Short Foot Exercise with Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Navicular Height in Flexible Flatfoot: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Juntip Namsawang et al
June 28, 2019.

Objectives Flatfoot, low medial longitudinal arch (MLA), is factors of back and lower extremity injuries. More specifically, Flatfoot is caused by a weak abductor hallucis (AbdH) muscles. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of short foot exercise (SFE) or SFE with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on navicular height, the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the AbdH muscle, and the AbdH muscle activity in flexible flatfoot. Method Thirty-six healthy people with flexible flatfoot were randomly assigned to two groups, one which received SFE with placebo NMES treatment, the control group, and one which received both SFE and NMES treatment, the experimental group. The control group received 4 weeks of SFE treatment with placebo NMES, while the SFE with NMES group received 4 weeks of SFE with NMES. The navicular height, CSA of the AbdH muscle, and the AbdH muscle activity were assessed before and after intervention. Results There were no significant differences in the navicular height and CSA of the AbdH muscle between the control and experiment groups, while the AbdH muscle activity was statistically significant between the groups (SFE=73.9짹11.0 %MVIC, SFE with NMES=81.4짹8.3 %MVIC, p<0.05). Moreover, CSA of the AbdH muscle showed statistically significant increase after treatment in SFE with NMES group (pre=218.6짹53.2 mm2, post=256.9짹70.5 mm2, p<0.05). Conclusions The SFE with NMES is more effective than SFE alone in increasing the AbdH muscle activity. Therefore, the SFE with NMES should be recommended to be used to correct or prevent abnormalities in people with flexible flatfoot by the physiotherapist or medical care team.
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Dieter Fellner · Jul 29, 2019

Stanley said: ↑

Here is a cast of my son's feet after a year of foot exercises using a non commercial foot exerciser. View attachment 8673
Click to expand...

What's your point with the picture of casts?

Stanley · Jul 30, 2019

Dieter Fellner said: ↑

What's your point with the picture of casts?
Click to expand...

Just to show the muscular development.

NewsBot · Oct 2, 2019

Effects of plantar intrinsic foot muscle strengthening exercise on static and dynamic foot kinematics: A pilot randomized controlled single-blind trial in individuals with pes planus
KazunoriOkamuraaKengoFukudabcSadaakiOkiaTakeyaOnoaSatoshiTanakaaShusakuKanaia
Gait & Posture; 29 September 2019

Highlights
•We evaluated the effects of short-foot (SF) exercise in individuals with pes planus.
•SF exercise shortened the time until minimum navicular height during gait.
•SF exercise slightly but significantly corrected static foot alignment.
•SF exercise could prevent injuries related to pes planus alignment.
Click to expand...

Background
No reliable evidence has confirmed whether plantar intrinsic foot muscle strengthening exercises improve static and dynamic foot kinematics in individuals with pes planus.

Research question: Does the short-foot exercise affect static foot alignment and foot kinematics during gait in individuals with pes planus?

Methods
This was a randomized controlled single-blind trial involving 20 participants with pes planus who were randomly allocated to a short-foot exercise group (exercise) or a control group (controls). Exercise patients performed a progressive short-foot exercise three times per week for 8 weeks; controls received no intervention. Before and after the 8-week intervention, foot kinematics during gait, including dynamic navicular drop—the difference between navicular height at heel strike and the minimum value—and the time at which navicular height reached its minimum value were assessed, using three-dimensional motion analysis. We assessed static foot alignment by foot posture index and navicular drop test, and the thickness of the intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles using ultrasound. All measurements were performed by one investigator (KO) blinded to the participants' allocation.

Results
After the 8-week intervention in the exercise group, foot posture index scores with regard to calcaneal inversion/eversion improved significantly (p < 0.05). Moreover, the time required for navicular height to reach the minimum value decreased significantly (p < 0.01).

Significance
For individuals with pes planus, the short-foot exercise effectively corrected static foot alignment and temporal parameters of foot kinematics during gait. This temporal change, which shortens the time for navicular height to reach its minimum value, indicates an improved windlass mechanism. Therefore, short-foot exercise might effectively prevent or treat injuries related to the pes planus alignment.
Click to expand...

scotfoot · Oct 18, 2019

Effects of plantar intrinsic foot muscle strengthening exercise on static and dynamic foot kinematics: A pilot randomized controlled single-blind trial in individuals with pes planus
KazunoriOkamuraaKengoFukudabcSadaakiOkiaTakeyaOnoaSatoshiTanakaaShusakuKanaia
Gait & Posture; 29 September 2019

Re the above and the strengthening method used , if this does not convince you that the short foot exercise is not a good exercise for the intrinsic foot muscles, then nothing will . ( Unless you accept that toe flexors flex the toes and thus allow the ball of the foot to lift clear of the deck during the exercise. )

Training sessions , direct electrical stimulation , lights going on and off . Good grief !

Can't believe I felt the need to say that , " toe flexors flex the toes " .

If Janda believed that ,with his exercise , the intrinsic toe flexors could be strengthened without toe pressure being exerted on the ground , then he got it wrong . Get over it !

NewsBot · Jan 3, 2022

Effect of Peroneus Longus Muscle Release on Abductor
Hallucis Muscle Activity and Medial Longitudinal Arch before
Toe-Tap Exercise in Participants with Flexible Pes Planus
Youngkyu Choi and Jihyun Lee
Healthcare 2022, 10, 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10010044

Pes planus is a medical condition of the foot wherein there is a flattening or lowering of
the medial longitudinal arch. The abductor hallucis muscle starts at the heel bone and attaches to
the medial side of the first toe. Whenever it contracts, it plays a key role in elevating the medial
longitudinal arch. Hence, the abductor hallucis muscle should be strong enough to control the
depression on the medial longitudinal arch. The peroneus longus muscle plantarflexes the ankle
and everts the ankle and subtalar joint. If this muscle contracts more than the abductor hallucis
muscle does, the medial longitudinal arch of the foot is depressed. This study aimed to investigate
the effect of myofascial release of the peroneus longus before performing the toe-tap exercise for
strengthening the abductor hallucis muscle in participants with flexible pes planus. This cross-over
study included 16 volunteers with flexible pes planus. The participants performed a toe-tap exercise
before and after the myofascial release of the peroneus longus. During the toe-tap exercise, the
muscle activity of the abductor hallucis and peroneus longus were measured using a Delsys Trigno
Wireless Electromyography System. The angle of the medial longitudinal arch was measured using
Image J software. Photos in the sagittal plane were used. The peroneus longus activity and medial
Longitudinal arch angles were significantly decreased. On the other hand, the activity of the abductor
hallucis significantly increased after the myofascial release of the peroneus longus before performing
the toe-tap exercise (p < 0.05). Individuals with flexible pes planus should be encouraged to perform
myofascial release of the peroneus longus before the toe-tap exercise to improve the abductor hallucis
activity and to elevate the medial longitudinal arch.
Click to expand...

NewsBot · Jun 25, 2022

Effect of arch height flexibility in individuals with flatfoot on abductor hallucis muscle activity and medial longitudinal arch angle during short foot exercises
Ishiyama Haruki
June 24, 2022

Flatfoot presents decreased medial longitudinal arch (MLA), and such foot deformity involves intrinsic foot muscles dysfunction. Flatfoot can be classified into flexible and stiff types according to arch height flexibility (AHF). Short foot exercise (SFE) is an intrinsic foot muscle strengthening exercise, which is reportedly effective against flatfoot. However, its effectiveness against flexible or stiff types in flatfoot is unclear. We examined the effect of AHF in individuals with flatfoot during abductor hallucis muscle (AbH) activity and medial longitudinal arch during SFE. Foot alignment was assessed using the arch height index during standing, and individuals with flatfoot (N = 16) were recruited. The AbH activity and MLA angle during SFE while maintaining single-leg standing were assessed. The relationship between AHF and AbH activity and between AHF and MLA angle ratio was analyzed using correlation coefficients. Additional correlations between AHF and AbH activity were observed with the outliers removed. There were no correlations between AHF and AbH muscle activity and between AHF and MLA angle ratio. However, with the two outliers removed, moderate correlations between AHF and AbH activity were significant (r=0.64, p=0.01). AbH activity during SFE increased in individuals with flatfoot for high AHF (flexible type). Thus, SFE may be more effective for individuals with flatfoot having a high AHF. These findings may be helpful when making decisions for surgery and rehabilitation.
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NewsBot · Mar 23, 2023

Effects of Foot Intrinsic Strengthening of
Pes Planus Children on Foot Morphology and Gait
Jeong-Eun Park et al
Source

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of strengthening intrinsic foot muscle on foot
morphology and gait in pes planus children with developmental delay. Methods Eighteen participants were randomly
assigned to the study and control groups. Each group underwent the respective intervention for eight weeks, two times a
week, 30 minutes per session. Arch height index was measured to assess foot morphology, gait ability was assessed using
temporal distance gait analysis. Results Arch height index was not significantly increased in both the study and control
groups (p>.05). In the temporal distance gait analysis, the study group showed significantly improved stride length
postintervention (p<.05). Additionally, the study group showed a significant improvement in the number of steps after the
intervention compared with the control group (p<.05). Conclusion Strengthening intrinsic foot muscles is effective in
improving the foot morphology and gait ability of pes planus children with developmental delays compared with
conventional physical therapy using orthosis and insoles.
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NewsBot · Mar 30, 2023

The combined effect of short foot exercises and orthosis in symptomatic flexible flatfoot: a randomized controlled trial
Walaa Elsayed et al
Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2023 Mar 29

Background: Flatfoot is a musculoskeletal problem associated with dysfunctional active and passive supporting structures of the normal foot curvature. Strengthening of the intrinsic foot muscles or using shoe orthosis are recommend treatment approaches. However, investigating the effect of combining both approaches is still warranted.

Aim: To examine the effect of applying short foot exercises (SFE) combined with shoe insole versus shoe insole alone on foot pressure measures, pain, function and navicular drop in individuals with symptomatic flexible flatfoot.

Design: Prospective, active control, parallel-group, assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial and intention-to-treat analysis.

Setting: Outpatient physical therapy clinic of a university teaching hospital.

Population: Forty participants with symptomatic flexible flatfoot.

Methods: A six-week treatment protocol of SFE (three sets of 10 repetitions a day) in addition to shoe insole (eight hours a day) (experimental group, N.=20) or shoe insole only (eight hours a day) (control group, N.=20). Clinic visits were made at baseline and every two weeks for monitoring and follow-up. The static and dynamic foot area, force and pressure measures, pain, lower extremity function, and navicular drop were assessed at baseline and postintervention.

Results: Forty participants joined the study and 37 (92.5%) completed the six-week intervention period. Foot pressure, pain and function showed a significant interaction (P=0.02 - <0.001) and time (P<0.001) effects with a non-significant group effect in favor of the experimental group. Post-hoc analysis revealed that the experimental group had lesser pain (P=0.002) and better function (P=0.03) than the control group at six weeks. Navicular drop decreased equally in both groups.

Conclusions: Implementation of shoe insole and SFE for six weeks improved pain and function and altered foot pressure distribution greater than shoe insole alone in patients with symptomatic flatfoot.

Clinical rehabilitation impact: Wearing shoe insole is an easy, but passive, treatment approach for a flatfoot problem. This study provided evidence regarding the added benefit of SFE. It is recommended that rehabilitation practitioners implement a comprehensive treatment protocol including both shoe insole and SFE for at least six weeks to achieve better results for their flatfoot patients.
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NewsBot · Jun 15, 2023

Effects of intrinsic foot muscle strengthening on the medial longitudinal arch mobility and function: A systematic review
Thiago Melo Malheiros de Souza, Vanessa Gonçalves de Oliveira Coutinho, Vitor Daniel Tessutti, Nara Rejane Cruz de Oliveira, Liu Chiao Yi
Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 10 June 2023

Objective
To Investigate the effects of intrinsic foot muscle (IFM) strengthening on foot's medial longitudinal arch (MLA) mobility and function in healthy individuals. We also identified exercise type and resistance training characteristics (series and repetitions).

Methods
Eight databases were searched, between October 2020 and February 2021 and updated in May 2021. We included randomized controlled trials involving IFM strengthening exercises compared with controls (no exercise or exercises not involving isolated intrinsic foot muscle strengthening). Methodological quality of the studies was assessed using PEDro scale and Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Quality of evidence was evaluated using GRADE model (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations).

Results
Four randomized controlled trials (RCT) were included. IFM strengthening did not change MLA mobility in the short-term (4 weeks); however, it promoted medium-term effects (8 weeks - low quality of evidence). IFM exercises improved function in the short and medium-term (low quality of evidence). Most studies used the short-foot exercise and the toe-towel curl exercise with contractions of 5 s and load progression from sitting to standing.

Conclusion
IFM strengthening exercises change MLA mobility in the medium-term (8 weeks) and improve the dynamic balance of healthy individuals in short- (4 weeks) and medium-terms
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NewsBot · Jun 15, 2023

EXERCISES AND NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRIC STIMULATION FOR MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL ARCH: CLINICAL TRIAL
Source

Objective
The extrinsic muscles, such as the posterior tibialis and long flexor of the hallux and the intrinsic of the foot, are part of the active subsystem of the central system of the foot and play an essential role in the control of the medial longitudinal arch resulting from difficulty in contracting the muscle, neuromuscular electrostimulation (NMES) becomes a resource combined with strengthening and recommended for rehabilitation. T this work aims to evaluate the effectiveness of NMES associated with exercise in deforming the medial longitudinal arch.

Methods
This is a randomized blind clinical trial. 60 asymptomatic participants were divided into three groups: NMES, exercise and control. The NMES and exercise group performed seven exercises for the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles twice a week for 6 weeks, and the NMES group used an NMES associated with five exercises. Navicular height and medial longitudinal arch angle were taken before and after the intervention period.

Results
No statistically significant differences existed between groups for navicular height and medial longitudinal arch angle.

Conclusion
NMES associated with exercise does not change the characteristics of the medial longitudinal arch in association with asymptomatic.
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