The role of the peroneal tendons in passive stabilisation of the ankle joint: an in vitro study.
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Ziai P, Benca E, von Skrbensky G, Graf A, Wenzel F, Basad E, Windhager R, Buchhorn T.
Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2012 Oct 30
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Clinical Methods for Peroneal Muscle Testing -
Eric -
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What about the role of the fibula and short head of the biceps muscle's role?
I just love papers that only look at half the horse
Happy Melbourne cup to you all
lovely day in sunny sydney heading for 32 C
Regards
Paul Conneely
www.musmed.com.au -
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An alternae explanation is that after transecting the ligaments there are still some strutures intact that could cause some stiffness that were torn by the testing. Anyway, there needs to be an explanation of why peroneus longus limits ankle inversion and peroneus brevis doesn't before you can accept the explanation of passive muscle stiffness. -
The answer is everything.
Embryologically the peroneals, dorsal foot muscles and short head of the biceps (Along with several pelvic muscles) are derived from the dorsal limb bud while everything else in the lower limb is from the ventral bud.
Thus these muscles are involved with inversion of the foot.
That is why the short head of the biceps femoris has its own nerve supply. It also has more fast twitch fibres and muscle spindles than the other hamstrings.
Being attached to the fibula it produces an inversion movement to the calcaneum via the lateral ligaments while the peroneals produce a plantar longitudinal rotation to help pull the great toe into the ground.
The short head of the biceps femoris also is a synergist to the peroneal by being able to pull the fibula up and thus assist the passive tension in the muscle and thus tendon.
Here we have a dual system
1. the biceps can rest and the peroneals pull
2. the peroneal set a length and the biceps can pull up the fibula= equating to the peroneals working.
This is why you must rehab the short head of the biceps along with the superior tib fib joint in any inveresion sprain/injury to the lateral ankle for a successful outcome.
There are several other roles of fibula motion that have never been mentioned as far as I am aware.
The role of the fibula and interosseous membrane and tibialis posterior.
Again the biceps femoris is a synergist to the tibialis posterior.
This is achieved by the fibula elevation causing a change in the orientation of the interosseous membrane and thus the orientation of the muscle fibres of the tibialis posterior.
This in turn causes the Tib. Post. tendon to rotate and thus tension the various individual tendons of the mother tendon as they go to the various bones of the foot.
This enables the tibialis posterior to load the various bones throughout the walking and standing cycles and thus not cause them to wear out and lat a life time.
Next time you see a collapse of the tib post tendon see how many reps the patient can do for the biceps (hammies in general). Usually it is 2-3 reps to failure sometimes up to 10 but that is rare.
By the way I have several photos of a completely denuded foot of all structure except for the bones and the short plantar ligs. and the foot still stands quite comfortably on its own.
Unfortunately due to copyright I am unable to show them at present.
Green moon won the Melbourne Cup payin $24 for a dollar on the tote
Regards to all.
Paul Conneely
www.musmed.com.au -
Also there will be times in your life that you may perform a maneuver where you want the peroneal tendons active and the short head of the biceps inactive. This could occur when you want extension of the knee at the same time you want the peroneals active. So, the muscle should work without the need for the pull of the biceps femoris tendon.
In regards to the study, if the muscle does passively add joint torque, it could do it when the fibula is in its maximally inferior position, so this concern would not effect the study.
Eric -
In your example of knee extension and inactive biceps I cannot see how this can occur as the hamstrings are a knee extender.
just sit with your knees at 90 degrees, place your fingers on the short head tendon, supinate your foot= bingo the biceps activates.
I doubt that this is theoretical.
Re the dissected foot. I doubt it was subjected to any other forces outside of gravity due to the time it took to produce this specimen.
Everything will collapse if you exceed the stress strain curve for tendons, if you do not, it will last a life time.
I think too much emphasis is placed on the role of tendons in stabilising of joints.
Tendons do not do anything perse other than transfer energy from the muscle to a distal point.
I have seen many an unconscious patient and I have never found their feet hands etc to fall apart.
The only role a muscle has is to protect the joint it subtends, nothing else.
Movement only occurs when you have anatagonists and synergists involved.
The way i lengthen hamstrings is to mobilise the talus. The reason is this, the ROM of the ankle is poor thus the muscles will shorten to match the ROM. Since the biceps is a foot muscle, changing the ROM of the ankle, the Hamstring lengthens amongst many other things instantly.
Wet today
maybe a blue moon as green moon won yesterday
Regards
paul conneely -
The quadriceps are a "knee extender". The hamstrings are a "knee flexor".
Please tell me how a muscle which passes posterior to the knee is a "knee extender"? Do you also think that the quadriceps are a "knee flexor"???? :confused:
I'm glad that you, Paul, never taught me biomechanics in podiatry school....I think I would have been jumping off the Golden Gate Bridge at the end of the semester.;)-
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Eric -
Wishful thinking
The hamstrings working on their own flex the knee and that would be a concentric
contraction....
the lower limb muscles work best as eccentric contractors...n'est pas????
if so the hamstring when combined with the quadriceps and gastrocnemius and to some extent the soleus working as a synergistic team in an eccentric capacity makes sense.
The big problem is that so many out there cannot see the difference in what anatomist of the 16th centuary saw (I doubt biomechanics had been invented) and what biomechanically occurs, muscles in isolation versus in working groups.
to annoy you more, the foot is a tensegrity object, your posting said there are hight forces in the joints, of course there are but you forgot to add that there is cartilage present between them, I did not.
If your biceps did not activate, you have a problem so I suggest you get it sorted out.
Regards
Paul Conneely -
.....one exception......I do understand the Sydney weather reports you make at the end of all your posts.:drinks
76 degrees Fahrenheit, calm, mostly sunny...but with cold front approaching in two days here in Sacramento...skiers are getting happy again for more new snow before Thanksgiving....:D -
Thanks for the weather report.
maybe one day dawn will and it will all make sense as it does to others.
Spend some time thinking outside the box and when one of Austalia's greatest minds, Prof Bogduk agrees with me, that's all i need to know.
an aside, ever thought about the role of space time continuum in relation to gravity and posture. I have, try it. Give you 5 years or so and I have no doubt that you will change your thinking model.
Regards
Paul C
rain stopped but the hopefully more coming . we need it. drier than a dead dingo's donger! -
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Never mind the rubbish above - not going there, the real issue is that you are all thinking like podiatrists, not evolutionary biologists, which is what you have to be to have this conversation. First: how many peronei? 3? Wrong, 5. And early examples of our genera clearly show fibularis (in the current words) quartus and quinti. So: where have they all gone? Well, Tertius, I think we all know about, though which way it is going - stuffed if I know. Next time you are in dissection class - bless it - just spent 3 months in dissection class in Adelaide, look hard at the FL tendon, and ask you self, why is is it so multipartite? Quartus and Quinti coming back to haunt? All answers are there for those that look
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How wonderful for you.
Whenever people in power have their bubble burst they immediately put it down.
There is an old saying, 'if you want to become an expert, do not read outside your topic'
Next time you consider whatever you are doing consider the space/time continuum and gravity and it is this active ongoing 'complex'.
Without it you cannot do anything, even believe in the good doctor.
Enjoying my space/time continuum and gravity.
Off to tend the vegetable garden. rain stopped, snails will be out or sure.
Regards
Paul Conneely
www.musmed.com.au -
Does Peroneal tertius in absentia affect the range of motion of foot
dorsiflexion and eversion? A kinesio-anatomical study.
Oladayo Sunday Oyedun, Love Chioma Kanu , Olubunmi Ayobami Onatola and Phoebe Onyinye Zelibe
Advances in Life Science and Technology www.iiste.org Vol.21, 2014
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A Rare Case of Variant Morphology of Peroneus Tertius Muscle.
Sirasanagnadla SR, Bhat KM, Nayak SB, Shetty P, Thangarajan R.
J Clin Diagn Res. 2014 Oct;8(10):AD01-AD02
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The influence of the peroneus longus muscle on the foot under axial loading; a CT evaluated dynamic cadaveric model study
K. Dullaert et al
Clinical Biomechanics; in press
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The Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius Muscle in
Humans: A Meta-Analysis of Anatomical Studies with
Clinical and Evolutionary Implications
Kaissar Yammine and Mirela EriT
BioMed Research International Volume 2017, Article ID 6021707, 12 pages
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Age-related structural-mechanical property changes in human peroneus longus muscle.
Niyomchan A, Panichareon B, Siriphorn A, Wongtawatchai T.
Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2018 Oct 29
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Fibularis tertius: Anatomical study and review of the literature
Łukasz Olewnik
Clinical Anatomy 13 August 2019
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The role of the angle of the fibularis longus tendon in foot arch support
Anoop S. Sumal Gavin E. Jarvis Alan R. Norrish Cecilia Brassett Robert H. Whitaker
28 September 2020 https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.23686
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Morphological variability of the fibularis longus tendon in human fetuses
ŁukaszOlewnik et al
Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger; 9 October 2021, 151838
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Comparison of Preoperative MRI with Intraoperative Findings for Peroneal Tendon Pathologies
Jonathan Sharpe, DPM et al
June 15, 2021
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Fibularis tertius
muscle among first and second year medical and
dental students of a medical college: a descriptive
cross-sectional study.
Pandit R, Upadhyay HP, Sharma N.
Journal of Chitwan Medical
College.2021;11(38):116-9.
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Clinical and variational evaluation of peroneus tertius muscle
Berin Tuğtağ Demir et al
Anat Sci Int. 2022 Oct 31
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Peroneal muscle activity during stable and unstable load exercises. A cross-sectional study
JacoboRodríguez-Sanzab et al
Physical Therapy in Sport 28 January 2023
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Acute Effects of Selective Strength Exercise on the Peroneus Longus and Brevis
Satoshi Arima et al
J Sports Sci Med. 2023 Sep 1;22(3):397-405
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The tendon of the fibularis brevis muscle - systematic overview and new classification system
Nicol Zielinska et al
Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger 9 January 2024, 152208
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